富含羧基的多肽基双亲水杂化共聚物控制碳酸钙的形成

结合N-羧基-环内酸酐开环聚合和"巯-炔"光点击反应制备了侧链富含羧基的多肽基双亲水杂化共聚物(PEO-b-PPLG-g-MPA)。该多肽基共聚物可以模拟蛋白质指导CaCO3在水溶液中的形成。圆二色谱(CD)揭示了多肽链段在水溶液中的构象变化;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)揭示了矿化过程中CaCO3的形貌变化;X-射线衍射(XRD)确认了CaCO3的晶型。结果表明,该聚合物可以有效地控制CaCO3的形貌,此时多肽链段呈无规线团构象,而不是更为有序的α-螺旋或β-折叠构象;多肽链段的含量只有达到足够的浓度时,才能有效地控制的CaCO3晶体的生长;CaCO3的形貌则可以通过调节多肽链段的长度、溶液的pH值等因素进行调控,其可以是表面光滑的微球、表面堆满了CaCO3小颗粒的超结构微球、纳米棒或呈"花瓣状"聚集的纳米棒。XRD则证明形成的CaCO3呈稳定的方解石晶型。     

CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> film synthesis from ladle furnace slag: morphological change,new material properties,and Ca extraction efficiency

A rapidly air-cooled ladle furnace slag (RA-LFS), which is a type of steelmaking slag discharged from a steel mill, was used to synthesize CaCO₃ film. The CaCO₃ film with 35 cm2 of surface area was synthesized under atmospheric conditions, and the surface morphology of the CaCO₃ films was changed by using additives (CaCl₂ and ethylene glycol). Especially, the addition of CaCl₂ changed the surface morphology of CaCO₃ film with pore and induced new material properties, such as water adsorption. The (012) face of CaCO₃ film (calcite) was rapidly decreased by the addition of CaCl₂. The major components of RA-LFS were calcium (type of CaO, 53.9wt%) and aluminum (type of Al₂O₃, 37.9wt%), and the major crystal phases of RA-LFS were C₃S, C₁₂A₇, and C₃A. The calcium extraction efficiency of RA-LFS was significantly increased after the CaCO₃ film synthesis. The material properties (hardness and elastic modulus) and the thermal characteristics of the CaCO₃ films were analyzed by nano-indentation and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. The synthesized CaCO₃ films from RA-LFS and Ca(OH)₂ (reagent) showed similarities in terms of their material properties and the decomposition temperature.     

中间相沥青基介孔炭的表征及其用作锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能

以中间相沥青为碳源、CaCO_3为模板,制备中间相沥青基介孔炭(MPMC)。采用XRD、SEM、TEM等手段表征所制介孔炭的结构和形貌,并将其用作锂离子电池的负极材料,测试电化学性能。结果表明,所制MPMC具有丰富的介孔结构和较大的比表面积及孔体积,随着CaCO_3质量分数的增加,MPMC的比表面积和孔体积先增加后减小,当CaCO_3的质量分数为70%时,所制MPMC的比表面积和孔体积最大;MPMC用作锂离子电池负极材料具有良好的电化学性能,能有效提高锂离子电池的可逆比容量,具有良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。     

The relationship between nacreous layer color and CaCO3 crystal orientation

The pearl or nacreous layer of mollusk shell is composed of CaCO₃ aragonite crystals. The factors affecting their color are very complex, such as metal elements, chromoprotein, and nucleation materials, we analyzed the crystal orientation of nacreous layers with different color prepared from fresh water clamsHyriopsis cumingii Lea by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the crystal CaCO₃ orientation on specific plane is responsible for the color of pearl and nacreous pearl color. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Morning Sunlight Program of Wuhan City Government. Jiang Xinnong: born in 1970, Lecturer     

Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia ordosica</Emphasis> communities

In soil, CaCO3 can reduce the availability of phosphorus in arid and semi-arid regions, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio (CaCO3/AP ratio) on plant density are unknown. In this study, we examined 4 Artemisia ordosica communities located in arid and semi-arid regions, and performed a pot experiment with an orthogonal design to examine the relationships between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and plant density. The results showed that the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio had a greater effect on growth of A. ordosica than either CaCO3 or AP as single factor. The influence of the soil CaCO3/AP ratio on density of A. ordosica was related to the climatic zone and the types and/or amplitudes of increases in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio. When the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and was less than 2.5, the A. ordosica density increased in the semi-arid region, whereas the density decreased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios in the arid region. In the semi-arid region, when the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and the increase in the soil CaCO3 content was greater than the increase in soil AP, the A. ordosica density increased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios. This means that the relationship between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and the A. ordosica density remained the same. In the arid region, an increase in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio as a result of increased soil CaCO3 content and decreased soil AP resulted in increased density of A. ordosica. Therefore, the relationship between soil CaCO3/AP ratios and density of A. ordosica was altered by these changes in soil chemistry. Thus, the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio is an important factor affecting the density of A. ordosica in arid and semi-arid regions.     

Preparation and characterization of porous ceramics prepared by kaolinite gangue and Al(OH)<Subscript>3</Subscript> with double addition of MgCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> and CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Porous ceramics were prepared from kaolinite gangue and Al(OH)₃ with double addition of MgCO₃ and CaCO₃ by the pore-forming in-situ technique. The characterizations of porous ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury porosimetry measurements, etc. It is found that although the decomposition of MgCO₃ and CaCO₃ has little contribution to the porosity, the double addition of MgCO₃ and CaCO₃ strongly affects the formation of liquid phase, and then changes the phase compositions, pore characterization, and strength. The appropriate mode is the sample containing 1.17wt% MgCO₃ and 1.17wt% CaCO₃, which has high apparent porosity (41.0%), high crushing strength (53.5 MPa), high mullite content (76wt%), and small average pore size (3.24 μm).     

Extraction and Purification of Matrix Protein from the Nacre of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

A soluble matrix protein P14 with an apparent molecular mass of 14.5 kDa was isolated from fragmented nacre of pearl oysters （Pinctada fucata） treated with 10% NaOH solution to investigate the nacre matrix proteins and their effect on the CaCO3 crystal. The protein was characterized by gel exclusion chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography after demineralization by 10% acetic acid. The X-ray diffraction pattern of P14 crystals indicates that P14 plays an important role in nacre biomineralization. P14 can induce aragonite formation, stimulate CaCO3 crystal formation, and accelerate aragonite precipitation. Heating of the acid insoluble nacre residue, which was named conchiolin, in 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution supplemented with 10% β-mercaptoethanol solution for 10-20 min at about 100℃ gave two other soluble proteins having molecular masses of 19.4 kDa and 25.0 kDa. The present study suggests that these two proteins are linked to the insoluble organic matrix by disulfide bridges because the extraction yield increases when β-mercaptoethanol is added to the medium.     

CaCO3纳米晶须对PBT/PE/LCI杂化材料性能的影响

合成了一种CaCO3纳米晶须和主链含磺酸基的液晶离聚物(LCI),采用熔融共混法制备了PBT/PE/LCI/CaCO3纳米晶须杂化材料.通过DSC,红外图像系统和拉伸试验对共混体系的热行为、形态结构和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:在共混体系中加入质量分数为3%LCI时,提高了PBT的结晶温度和结晶度,并且分散相均匀地分散在PBT基体中,证实LCI发挥增容剂的作用;当LCI质量分数为3%和CaCO3纳米晶须质量分数为5%时,杂化材料的力学性能达到了最大值,证实了LCI同时起到了增容和增强作用.     

碳酸钙填充β-成核PP复合材料的力学性能

为研究β-晶对碳酸钙填充PP复合材料力学性能的影响,该文采用负载β-成核剂的纳米碳酸钙(β-CC)混合纳米碳酸钙(CC)或微米碳酸钙(WC)填充PP制备了β-PP复合材料及其PP-g-MA、POE-g-MA和EVA-g-MA作为相容剂的增容复合材料。力学性能研究结果表明,随着CC和WC用量增加,PP拉伸强度降低、模量提高;β-CC填充PP复合材料模量提高,拉伸强度变化不大。PP-g-MA增容提高填充PP复合材料拉伸强度、杨氏模量和冲击强度;POE-g-MA增容明显提高冲击强度,EVA-g-MA增容降低拉伸性能。β-CC/PP复合材料冲击强度随着β-CC用量增加而提高,β-CC/CC/PP和β-CC/WC/PP冲击强度高于CC/PP(w(CC)/w(PP)=5/95)和WC/PP(w(WC)/w(PP)=5/95)复合材料归结于高韧性β-晶形成。     

Optimization of butanol production from corn straw hydrolysate by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostridium acetobutylicum</Emphasis> using response surface method

Butanol is a new kind of very potential biofuels.Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk was utilized in this study to produce butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8008.Plackett-Burman (P-B) design and Central Composite Design (CCD) were adopted to screen crucial factors during fermentation as well as the optimization of experimental conditions.The result demonstrated that among the seven factors,namely,Yeast extract,(NH 4) 2 SO 4,KH 2 PO 4,MgSO 4,FeSO 4,CuSO 4 and CaCO 3,only CaCO 3 was selected as the most critical factor.The optimization experiment results for CaCO 3 usage,temperature and reaction time by CCD were determined to be 5.04 g/L,35°C and 70 h,respectively.A corresponding mathematical model was established to predict the fermentation experiment and maximum butanol yield of 6.57 g/L was acquired.The result of verification experiment under the optimum conditions showed that 6.20 g/L was the maximum butanol yield.This demonstrated that statistical method was a powerful tool for the optimization of butanol production from enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk.     

广西伊岭岩岩石(CaCO3)晶体结构、德拜温度以及硬度研究

本文从微观角度研究碳酸钙矿石的晶体结构与物理性能,为碳酸钙矿石的应用提供理论依据。利用X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析广西伊岭岩岩石2个样品(A_1、A_2)的相组成及其晶体结构,并利用带能谱仪的电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)测试这2个样品的各相成分。结果表明:广西伊岭岩岩石的主要成分为CaCO_3,其中A_1样品含有少量的K~+,A_2样品含有少量Na~+。通过Rietveld全谱图拟合晶体结构精修可知,K~+替代样品A_1主要物相CaCO_3中的Ca~(2+),使其点阵参数变大,单胞体积变大。同样A_2样品中的Na~+替代了样品中CaCO_3的Ca~(2+)位置,造成A_2中的CaCO_3点阵参数变小,单胞体积变小。德拜温度近似模型计算出2个样品的德拜温度分别为318.86K、324.82K。维氏硬度测试法测试出2个样品的硬度大小分别为132.6HV、148.9HV。     

碱土金属碳酸盐催化乙醇胺-CO2反应机理研究

利用碱土金属碳酸盐（CaCO₃）进行非均相催化乙醇胺（MEA）-CO₂吸收试验。催化剂质量为0.0～25.0 g,吸收剂浓度分别为1.0,3.0和5.0 M（mol/L）。在试验基础上,运用图解法开发MEA溶液吸收CO₂动力学模型,验证催化剂的有效性。运用积分法处理试验数据,并对数据进行线性回归分析,得到适用于0,1,2级反应速率方程。经验证,在胺转化率X_A<0.80时,MEA-CO₂反应符合1级反应速率方程。通过简要评估CaCO₃的催化效果,发现其可将2级非催化反应速率常数k_Z提高至原来的1.1～1.8倍。因此,CaCO₃是一种能够有效促进MEA-CO₂相互作用的催化剂。     

纳米棒插接多级孔ZSM-11分子筛形貌影响因素研究

采用先低温后高温的两段晶化方法在含有四丁基溴化铵的单一模板体系中合成具有插接形貌的ZSM-11分子筛。分别从硅源、铝源、硅铝比、碱源和模板剂的种类对插接形貌形成的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:硅源、铝源以及碱源的种类主要是通过影响解聚-聚合的速率来影响体系的成核以及晶体生长的速率,从而对结晶动力学以及最终产品的晶粒尺寸产生影响,并不会对插接形貌产生大的影响;与固体硅源(硅胶小球)相比,使用液体硅源(硅溶胶和水玻璃)能够在较短时间内得到尺寸较小的分子筛产品;与无机铝源相比,采用异丙醇铝较易在短时间内获得小晶粒产品;与Li+和Na+相比,含有K+的体系中产品分子筛尺寸较大;模板剂的种类直接影响到最终结晶产物的形貌特征,四丁基铵离子的存在是这种插接形貌形成的必要条件。随着合成体系含铝量的减小,插接形貌变得不再明显,铝的存在是这种插接形貌形成的必不可少的影响因素之一。     

Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performance of mesoporous graphene from calcium carbonate by magnesiothermic reaction

A novel scalable synthetic method of mesoporous graphene has been developed using the compressed mixture of Mg and excess CaCO₃ in a closed container. The generated solid oxide and unreacted CaCO₃ could act as mesopore-forming agents, and the closed container could prevent the carbon dioxide from CaCO₃ flow away. As a result, the graphenes with a large number of 2–30 ?nm mesopores and high utilization ratio of Mg achieved. The graphenes had high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical performance. In particular, the Mg utilization ratio was up to 53.3% in the preparation of graphene using 2:1 CaCO₃/Mg at 700 ?°C, which is superior to previous researches. The obtained mesoporous graphene exhibited high specific surface area of 743.7 ?m² ?g^-1, large specific capacitance of 140 ?F ?g^-1, and high capacitance retention rate of 64.3%.     

纳米CaCO3/PP复合材料光氧老化行为的红外光谱研究

 熔融挤出制备了3种大分子相容剂改性纳米CaCO₃/PP复合材料,利用FTIR研究了复合材料的光氧化行为。结果表明,纳米CaCO₃促进了PP的光氧化降解,但不改变PP的光氧化反应机理。不同相容剂对纳米CaCO₃/PP复合材料光氧化行为有不同的影响,马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MA)和马来酸酐接枝乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA-g-MA)促进纳米CaCO₃/PP复合材料的光氧化降解,而马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MA）降低纳米CaCO₃/PP复合材料的光氧化速率,认为与不同相容剂对PP结晶形态和结晶度有不同影响有关。     

Brazing of micrograin-filled quartz fiber reinforced silica composites and Invar using Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti alloy

Brazing of quartz fiber reinforced silica composites (QFSC) to Invar alloy was carried out in a vacuum at 1173 K for 10 min using Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti metal filler.Experiments indicated that composites prefilled with CaCO3 micrograins had good wettability.The CaCO3 decomposed to CaO during brazing.After brazing,a joint of structure QFSC/3CaO·2SiO2+Ti3O5+Fe2Ti+NiTi+Ag(s,s)+ Cu(s,s)/Invar was established.The shear strength of the brazed joint reached 11.6 MPa at room temperature,which is about five times the shear strength of that obtained without surface filling.     

一株碳酸钙矿化菌的分离与鉴定

基于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的岩土工程加固技术是一种环境友好的新技术.碳酸钙矿化菌是该技术应用的前提.为获得具有诱导碳酸钙沉积能力的菌株,采用选择性富集培养、平板分离方法从土壤中分离得到了一株具有尿素分解能力的菌株,细菌诱导产生的沉积物检测结果表明该菌株具有诱导碳酸钙沉积能力.通过形态学、革兰氏染色和16S rDNA序列同源性分析鉴定该菌株为巴斯德芽孢杆菌.     

复配阻垢剂的性能及阻垢机理研究

采用静态阻垢法对聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)、聚天冬氨酸(PASP)和丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物(AA/AMPS)组成的复配阻垢剂的阻垢性能进行研究,采用SEM初步探讨了复配阻垢剂的阻垢机理.结果表明与进口阻垢剂MDC220和PTP-0100相比,复配阻垢剂对CaCO3,CaSO4和Fe2O3有很好的阻垢性能,硬度和碱度对复配阻垢剂的阻垢性能影响较小.对加入复配阻垢剂前后的碳酸钙垢样和硫酸钙垢样进行了分析,结果表明,复配阻垢剂使垢的晶格产生了畸变,使晶体从有规则致密结构的晶体变为松软的不定型体.     

碳纳米管砂浆在干湿循环-碳酸化作用下的性能研究

针对水泥基材料抗碳酸化性能的需要,探究了多壁碳纳米管对砂浆抵抗碳酸化侵蚀性能的影响。测定了不同掺量多壁碳纳米管砂浆的力学性能,测试了干湿循环-碳酸化侵蚀后的力学性能、pH值和CaCO₃含量变化,并利用XRD和SEM进行了微观表征。实验结果表明:砂浆力学强度随多壁碳纳米管的掺量增加先增大后降低,最佳掺量为0.05%;经过28 d侵蚀后,掺量为0.05%、0.1%的砂浆强度增长幅度依然大于基准组和掺量为0.3%的砂浆;通过测试砂浆的pH值、CaCO₃含量表征了干湿循环-碳酸化程度,发现掺量为0.05%的砂浆抗侵蚀性能最佳;由XRD图谱可以得出干湿循环-碳酸化侵蚀产物为膨胀性的CaCO₃和Na₂CO₃·10H₂O,由SEM图可以观察到适量的多壁碳纳米管均匀的分布在砂浆中,促进了砂浆的性能。     

贵州威宁草海地区地下水化学特征与控制因素研究

运用数理统计、Piper图、Surfer软件对研究区地下水化学特征分析。结果表明:地下水化学组分以Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-为主,其次为Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2-),TDS均值为519.34 mg·L~(-1),各离子含量由孟家山断层与威水背斜中间地带向两侧逐渐递减。运用Gibbs图、离子比例系数、相关性分析对研究区地下水化学的控制因素研究。结果表明:地下水化学离子组成受蒸发-浓缩作用和大气降水作用影响小,岩石的风化溶滤作用是水化学离子的控制性因素。以方解石(CaCO_3)、白云石[CaMg(CO_3)_2]为主的碳酸盐矿物、石膏(CaSO_4·2H_2O)等硫酸盐矿物以及盐岩的风化溶滤是区域地下水离子的主要来源,其中以方解石(CaCO_3)、白云石[CaMg(CO_3)_2]等碳酸盐矿物的风化溶滤作用最强。