浅谈如何延长200kA预焙电解槽槽寿命

我们通过对一期200kA预焙槽停槽的实际情况分析,发现致使200kA电解槽破损到停槽的原因和影响电解槽槽寿命的因素,本文对如何延长电解槽槽寿命提出了几点建议,尽供参考,因为电解槽的槽寿命直接关系到企业的经济效益,关系到企业今后的发展道路,关系到企业的生死存亡。因此,提高电解槽的寿命是当前铝行业至关重要的课题。     

浅谈如何延长200kA预焙电锯槽槽寿命

我们通过对一期200kA预焙槽停槽的实际情况分析，发现致使200kA电解檀破损副停擂的原因和影响电解槽槽寿命的因素，本文对如何延长电解槽措寿命提出了几点建议，尽供参考，因为电解槽的槽寿命直接关系到企业的经济效益，关系到企业今后的发展道路，关系到企业的生死存亡。因此，提高电解措的寿命是当前铝行业至关重要的课题。     

阳极钢爪保护炭环在200kA预焙槽上的应用

介绍了一种阳极钢爪保护炭环在200kA预焙槽上的应用，其应用可以降低原铝生产成本和提高原铝质量、改善工作环境和减轻工人劳动强度。     

铝电解槽石墨化阴极和槽壳的变形

通过实验室和工业电解槽系统研究了铝电解槽阴极和槽壳的变形,从中获取钠膨胀系数并用于工业阴极和槽壳的应力场的模拟分析,在考虑温度梯度热应力和钠膨胀化学应力共同作用条件下,获得了工业槽焙烧、启动后槽壳的变形位移数值.用机械式位移计对350 kA石墨化阴极工业电解槽变形进行了长达360 d的现场测试和监测,模拟值与实测值吻合.     

大型预焙阳极铝电解槽内衬结构优化

以电解槽内衬结构设计优化为突破口,开发一种新型曲面阴极结构电解槽,通过多物理场有限元数值仿真,研究新型结构槽的热平衡、物理场分布特征及在低极距下高效运行的稳定性.试验结果表明,新型结构槽能在保持高电流效率的前提下在低电压稳定运行,吨铝直流电耗为12 331 kW·h,并可有效延长电解槽使用寿命.     

铝电解槽电热场计算精度与网格密度的关系

以某300 kA铝电解槽为实验对象,利用有限元商业软件ANSYS12.0建立其1/4槽电热模型,研究电热场计算精度与网格密度的关系.首先,通过在同一模型但不同网格划分策略下的计算结果和计算时间的实验比较,初步确定整体网格划分方案,再在模型局部区域进行网格疏密的探索研究.研究结果表明:对于铝电解槽电热场仿真精度而言,电流密度越大的区域受网格密度影响越大,应采用较细的网格;而电势梯度和温度梯度并非网格密度的决定性因素;最终确定所用算例模型的网格划分方案为:x和y方向单元尺寸均为30mm,z方向阳极钢爪与阳极炭块接触部分取40 mm,z方向其余部分取70 mm,此时,计算精度高且计算效率最高.     

大型铝电解预焙槽气体焙烧启动传热特性

利用铝电解预焙槽槽底导热的三维数学模型,研究大型铝电解预焙槽气体焙烧启动时,槽底阴极的升温速度、温度分布与加热制度的关系,并讨论气体焙烧启动加热的最少时间及阴极下表面所能达到的最高温度.确定了实际采用的加热制度,并论证了其加热工艺的合理性.     

三种60kA铝电解槽槽壳的对比研究

60kA摇篮式铝电解槽槽壳有多种类型。作者采用SAP6大型通用程序,分析计算了其中主要的三种,对比了它们的刚度和强度,得出相对优劣的明确结论,找到了改进设计并使之达到定型的方向。     

160KA铝电解槽电、热解析及仿真试验

本文提出了一个铝电解槽阴极分区电、热解析模型及其仿真程序,并通过现场实测对该程序进行了初步验证.利用此程序对160kA中间下料、预焙槽的阴极部分进行了仿真试验.找出了能改善槽膛内形并能降低能耗的改良槽衬结构方案.此种仿真试验法能有效地提高铝电解槽设计的技术水平.     

铝电解过程控制信号的滤波与噪声解析模型的研究

将快速傅里叶变换技术和数字滤波器设计技术应用于铝电解过程控制信号的滤波与噪声解析模型中,在160kA中间点式下料预焙槽上的试验结果表明了模型的有效性。     

铝电解用预焙阳极中杂质元素的X射线荧光光谱法测定

用PW2403 X射线荧光光谱仪和瑞士RDC公司C-300系列标准物质建立铝电解用预焙阳极的X射线荧光光谱分析方法,该方法准确性好、测定精度高、快速简便,适用于预焙阳极中S、V、Ni、Si、Fe、Al、Na、Ca、Ph等元素的准确测定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.