一种分布式无锚点定位算法的优化与实现

符合分布式和无锚点特点的定位算法一直是传感器网络节点定位技术的一个重要发展方向。通过对大量无锚点定位算法的分析,提出了一种符合分布式特点且定位精度较高的无锚点定位算法。为进一步提高该算法的节点定位精度,建立了该算法的误差模型,通过对其分析,提出了减少目标节点定位误差的方法。为衡量节点估计位置的准确程度,首先提出了2个指标——定位等级与可信度;然后以原算法为基础,利用提出的指标,按照误差分析得出的结论,设计了一种从目标节点邻居表中筛选出高精度邻居节点的优化机制,从而提高了目标节点的定位精度。计算机仿真分析表明,优化后的算法计算节点估计位置的有效性和可靠性均高于原算法,进而证明了这种优化设计的可行性。     

基于超宽带无线自组织网络的协作定位算法

在无线自组织网络中,目标节点通常无法直接和足够多的参考节点进行通信来确定自己的位置。为此,提出一种基于超宽带无线自组织网络的协作定位（CP,Cooperative Positioning）算法。在目标节点通信范围内只有少量参考节点的情况下,协作定位算法通过目标节点和其通信范围内非参考节点的协作,实现目标节点的定位。此外,由于非视距环境严重降低了节点的测距精度,从而产生较大的定位误差,通过采用协作定位算法,节点可以放弃非视距参考节点,选择非参考节点进行精确定位。     

一种改进的布谷鸟搜索移动信标节点定位方法

针对未知节点静止,信标节点移动方式下的无线传感器网络定位问题进行了研究。为进一步提高无线传感器网络节点的定位覆盖率,提出了一种基于改进布谷鸟搜索算法(AF-CS)的多移动信标节点定位算法。通过RSSI定位和DV-Hop算法获取未知节点坐标的粗略值,采用改进布谷鸟搜索算法迭代求解信标节点移动的目标位置,最后对未知节点进行重新定位。仿真结果表明:多移动信标节点定位算法可有效提高对未知节点的定位覆盖率;AF-CS算法对比原始布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)提高了目标函数定位覆盖率,加快了算法收敛速度。在网络拓扑结构变化时,该算法可通过信标节点移动保持对未知节点较高的定位覆盖率。     

无线传感器网络中一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法

针对 DV-Hop 算法在无线传感器网络节点分布不均匀时定位误差比较大的问题,提出了一种针对 DV-Hop 的改进定位算法。该改进算法主要是利用 RSSI 测量技术增加锚节点;在给定约束下引入“可能存在区域”这一概念,并以该可能存在区域的面积作为目标函数,对未知节点的位置利用非线性共轭梯度法进行逼近,从而使节点定位误差达到最小。通过仿真验证了节点通信半径和锚节点比例对定位误差的影响,结果表明,该改进算法将节点定位精度提高了5％～10％。     

异步无线传感网络同时定位与跟踪算法

针对异步无线传感网络环境下同时节点定位和目标跟踪问题,提出了一种可以同时进行传感器节点定位和目标跟踪的算法.该算法利用增广状态向量法对目标状态和节点位置进行同时估计,并利用固定点平滑算法对目标状态进行最优估计,实现了异步无线传感网络环境下的目标状态的最优估计以及节点位置的估计.结合节点位置和目标状态的增广状态向量取代了传统目标跟踪算法中的状态向量,在滤波算法中被用于节点位置和目标状态的同时估计.仿真实验证明:在相同的测量次数和通信次数情况下,本算法不但能够取得更高的节点位置估计精度和目标状态估计精度,而且能够取得更多目标状态的估计结果.     

一种基于核方法的无线传感器网络定位算法

无线传感器网络（WSN）作为一种新兴的分布式网络技术,被认为是21世纪改变世界的十大革新技术之一。定位是无线传感器网络的重要支撑技术之一,实现传感器节点自定位是提供监测目标位置信息的必要条件。而实现高效、可靠、准确的节点定位对目标跟踪具有重要意义。不幸的是,环境噪声使得节点的定位精度降低。基于此,该文提出一种基于核方法的无线传感器网络定位算法。实验表明,在WSN中通过采用卡尔曼滤波的核方法定位算法,一定程度上减少了随机噪声对节点定位精度的影响,有效的降低了系统定位误差,实现一定程度的抗干扰。     

无线传感器网络节点定位技术的研究

节点定位技术是无线传感器网络中的重要技术之一。本文分析了无线传感器网络的节点定位算法的原理和分类,着重介绍和分析了3种分布式非测距节点定位算法,最后给出了下一步工作。     

一种基于RSSI带路径损耗和噪声的室内定位算法

在无线领域,对目标定位跟踪算法的研究成为热点,目前已有多种目标定位跟踪算法被提出。基于接收信号强度指示(received dignal strength indicator,RSSI)的定位算法由于其有利于节点小型化、能够穿越障碍物等优点被广泛应用。但是基于RSSI定位算法容易受环境的影响。本文提出一种基于三边定位技术和RSSI融合的带路径损耗和噪声的改进型RSSI目标定位跟踪算法。通过系统仿真,得到了仿真误差在0.373 2 m的平均误差值。     

基于位置指纹的室内定位算法研究

位置指纹定位技术因定位精度更高、更具可实施性等特点,成为了当前室内定位技术的主流方法.针对室内定位中环境复杂多变和存在噪声干扰等问题,采用卡尔曼滤波算法进行滤波处理,提升定位精度和算法稳定性;为了凸显卡尔曼滤波算法在定位算法中较好的去噪效果,同时采用最小二乘法和卡尔曼滤波算法估算目标节点坐标,从MATLAB仿真结果分析推断定位算法的真实性能以及引入卡尔曼滤波算法去噪处理后对于定位精度的影响.     

基于DV-Distance的无线传感器网络定位算法研究

无线传感器网络是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术,而节点自定位技术是无线传感器网络的主要支撑技术之一.由于无线传感器的节点数量非常大,致使利用GPS定位装置收集节点位置信息的代价将会很大.因此,研究能够适应无线传感器网络节点位置信息的算法是极其重要的.本文重点对距离无关的定位算法中的DV-Distance算法进行了研究,通过MATLAB软件平台对DV-Distance算法进行了仿真实现,结果表明不同信标节点密度时,定位算法的定位误差不同,而当存在障碍物及GPS误差也会影响定位误差.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.