射流冲击冷却过程的数值研究

由于冲击射流流场较为复杂,为准确描述其流动和换热过程,需要选择合适的湍流模型和壁面函数.分别采用κ-ε模型(Standard,RNG和Realizable)、κ-ω模型(Standard和SST)和低雷诺数模型(AB,AKN,CHC,YS,LB,LS和YS)进行对比计算.对于壁面区域,考察了标准壁面函数、尺度化壁面函数、非平衡壁面函数和增强型壁面函数的影响.探讨了速度场和湍动能场的分布规律,获得了与实验一致的结果,为今后活塞底部喷油冷却的数值模拟提供基础.     

稳态射流数值模拟中速度参量对传热的影响机制分析

对文献中多个槽缝冲击射流的经典实验结果进行数值模拟,考察RNG k-ε和Transition SST湍流模型的表现,主要分析射流出口中心线和展向、壁面射流区域的雷诺时均速度和湍流度分布,以及靶面换热效果与流场模拟结果之间的关系.模拟结果表明,与Transition SST湍流模型相比,RNG k-ε模型的结果表现出更强的湍流粘性,使得其中心线上速度衰减较快,该效果可能导致低估靶面上的冲击换热效果;而在冲击滞止区域,RNG k-ε湍流模型结果表现出过高的湍动能,该效果可能导致高估靶面上的冲击换热效果.因此,当射流雷诺数较小时,Transition SST模型所得滞止区换热系数要高于RNG k-ε模型的结果,反之亦然;而在壁面射流区域,RNG k-ε模型对于流场速度的模拟较好,但相应区域的传热模拟并没有表现出明显的优越性.     

绕水翼超空化流动数值模拟的湍流模型评价

为深入了解湍流模型对超空化流动计算的影响,分别采用3种不同的湍流模型即标准κ-ε模型、RNGκ-ε模型和SSG雷诺应力模型,对绕水翼的超空化流动进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明:标准κ-ε模型仅能模拟出定常状态的超空化形态;RNGκ-ε模型和SSG雷诺应力模型能较为准确地模拟出超空化区域内的两相混合非定常特性,并完整再现了空泡内部两相(气相和水气混合相)界面的反向波动过程,而采用RNGκ-ε模型计算得到的最大空泡长度与实验最为接近.     

半封闭圆管湍流射流冲击平板的数值研究

采用标准κ-ε模型和壁面函数法,对冲击射流场的平均速度和湍动能分布进行了数值计算,将充分发展和均匀速度分布2种入口条件下的计算结果与文献中激光多普勒测速仪的测量结果进行了比较,结果表明：数值计算能够预测到湍动能分布的趋势,但对滞止点附近湍动能的预测值过高,高达实验值的5倍;在各向同性占优势的壁射流中,平均速度的分布与实验结果具有较好的一致性;射流入口条件对湍动能分布具有较大的影响;要提高冲击射流场总体的预测效果,需要针对滞止区和近壁区内的流动特性,对κ-ε模型进行修正,同时还应采用与实验尽可能一致的入口条件。     

湍流模型在轴流泵性能预测中的应用与评价

评价不同湍流模型在轴流泵性能预测中的应用.分别采用标准κ-ε模型、RNG κ-ε模型、SST模型以及基于滤波器的湍流模型(FBM)数值模拟了比转速为600的轴流泵内部流动;计算了其扬程、扭矩、效率,并与实验值进行对比;分析了4种模型计算的轴流泵流场中的压力、速度分布.结果表明,在最优工况附近,4种湍流模型都能较精确地预测轴流泵的外特性;在非设计工况下,标准κ-ε模型、RNG κ-ε模型、SST模型预测的外特性与实验值相差较大,FBM模型则可以大幅度提高非设计工况的预测精度.     

湍流模型对结晶器内流场数值模拟结果的影响

以Fluent 6.3为计算平台,采用数值模拟的方法研究了5种常用湍流模型对电磁制动下连铸板坯结晶器内钢液流动计算结果的影响,并与水模型和实测结果进行了对比.结果表明:标准κ-ε和低雷诺数κ-ε模型的计算结果与实际流场较为接近,而重整化群κ-ε和剪切应力输运κ-ω模型与实际流场相差较远.不同湍流模型计算得到的弯月面形状...     

用非线性κ—ε模型对狭缝冲击射流进行数值计算

采用Ｓｐｅｚｉａｌｅ的非线性κ－ε模型和标准的κ－ε的模型计算了狭缝冲击射流,给出了径向平均速度和脉动速度沿壁面法向的工同实验结果作了对比。结果表明,当其他条件都相同时,线性和非线性模型在冲击射流的计算中相差不大,今后的改进应当在近壁区域对紊流模型本身进行。     

基于不同湍流模型的挡板绕流数值模拟

为了对比研究不同湍流模型在预测挡板绕流过程中的准确性与差异性,基于所设计的新型抛光粉尘湿法处理系统,分别选取了标准(Standard)κ-ε、重整规划群(RNG)κ-ε、剪切应力传输(SST)κ-ω以及雷诺应力模型(RSM)等4种雷诺时均(RANS)湍流模型,对该系统内不同挡板参数下绕流流动中的涡旋特性进行了数值模拟,并与试验值进行对比.结果表明:上述湍流模型均能较好地刻画装置内部气相旋转流动的主要特征,其中Standard κ-ε与RNG κ-ε模型在涡旋结构预测方面更为准确;在进出口压降及压力分布的对比中,基于Standard κ-ε模型的计算结果较其他3种湍流模型偏差要大;RNG κ-ε模型对涡旋纵向速度的预测结果与试验结果最为接近,而在横向速度的预测中,SST κ-ω模型则表现出更高的准确性.     

采用不同湍流模型对半封闭狭缝湍流冲击射流的数值模拟

针对海洋石油工程中废弃平台切割技术的需要,采用充分发展的入口条件结合标准壁面函数,将标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型和雷诺应力模型应用于半封闭狭缝湍流冲击射流的数值模拟,采用减小网格尺寸和提高差分格式精度等措施来减小数值伪扩散对冲击射流流动的影响.结果表明:雷诺应力模型和Realizable k-ε湍流模型在湍流冲击射流的数值模拟中具有一定的优越性,Realizable k-ε模型的计算量较小;减小网格尺寸并不能降低数值黏性对计算结果的影响;提高差分格式的精度可以在一定程度上降低数值黏性对计算结果的影响,MUSCL格式并没有显著提高计算结果的精度.     

前后通风的建筑内外流动湍流模型比较

对前后通风的建筑内外流动采用单方程涡黏系数(Spalart-Allmaras)模型、RNGκ-ε模型、re-alizableκ-ε模型和标准κ-ε模型进行数值模拟,并与风洞试验结果进行比较.结果表明,建筑内流动的预测对模型的依赖性不强,这与本文模拟的建筑内流动较为简单有关.单方程涡黏系数模型和RNGκ-ε模型与建筑外的复杂流动特点相适应,模拟效果最好,标准κ-ε模型对室外流动不能很好地进行预测,realizableκ-ε模型的预测能力一般.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the