用复合模板剂制备介孔氧化铝

以非离子表面活性剂P123为模板剂,水杨酸和均苯四甲酸酐为辅助模板剂,异丙醇铝为铝源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔氧化铝,并用XRD、HRTEM和N2吸附-脱附等手段对产物结构进行表征.实验结果表明,辅助模板剂的适量添加可增大氧化铝的比表面积,当n(均苯四甲酸酐)∶n(水杨酸)∶n(Al)=0.25∶0.05∶1时,合成的样品经过400,800℃煅烧,可制得比表面积为470,253 m2·g-1的介孔氧化铝;样品在900℃煅烧后依然保持γ-Al2O3晶相结构.     

掺杂Co的介孔SiO_2的制备与表征

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在碱性条件下,以正硅酸乙酯和KH550(γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷)为硅源,CTAB为模板制备掺杂Co的介孔SiO2,并用BET、XRD、FT-IR、XPS对所得介孔SiO2进行表征.结果表明:所得介孔SiO2上负载了钴纳米粒子,煅烧温度在400℃的样品的比表面积最大,当温度逐渐提高时所得样品比表面积反而减小;当n(SiO2)∶n(CTAB)为1∶0.20时,所得样品比表面积(514.2 m2.g-1)相对较高,所制备的样品呈双介孔结构.     

介孔玻璃粉末的制备及其与空穴基板复合研究

以阳离子表面活性剂CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)与非离子型表面活性剂(嵌段聚合物P123)互配的混合表面活性剂作为模板剂,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,运用水热合成法制成了平均孔径达8.8nm,比表面积为508.6m2/g和孔容为1.129cm3/g的SiO2介孔材料,对其结构和性能运用氮气吸附和透射电镜进行了表征,分析得出最佳偶合条件为:偶合温度130℃,偶合时间2h.通过介孔玻璃粉末与空穴基板的复合研究,可以制备出生物芯片复合玻璃载体材料.     

介孔TiO2的水热法合成及其光催化活性研究

以非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100为模板剂,用水热法制备了介孔TiO2,探究了不同反应条件对样品光催化活性的影响,对制得的样品进行了XRD、SEM、N2吸附-解吸及差热-热重等表征.结果表明,所得样品为窄孔道分布,最可几孔径为3.4 nm,当水热温度为120℃,焙烧温度为400℃,Ti(SO4)2∶OP∶C2H5OH为4∶1∶40(摩尔比)时,所制得样品的可见光催化活性最好.     

孔径可调的介孔磷酸铈的合成

采用中性表面活性剂十八胺为模板剂、硫酸铈为铈源，在水热条件下合成具有介孔结构的磷酸铈。通过X-射线衍射、透射电镜、高倍透射电镜和液氮吸附手段对介孔磷酸铈的介观结构、微观形貌和孔道结构进行了表征。结果表明，该材料是的有序的层状相介孔，层间距为2～3nm。产物主晶相为结晶性良好的单斜晶系的独居石磷酸铈，次晶相为正交晶系的磷酸铈。调整无机铈源与表面活性剂的摩尔比，实现磷酸铈介孔孔径在5.5～9.8nm之间可调。该介孔材料的最大比表面积高达113m²/g，孔体积为0.25mL/g。     

六方介孔硅基分子筛SBA-3合成条件的优化与表征

采用X射线衍射、N2 吸附脱附、热重热差分析方法 ,考察了合成物体系中表面活性剂与硅源的量之比、反应温度、晶化时间、酸度及共溶剂等反应条件对SBA - 3硅基介孔分子筛合成过程中结晶度、比表面积及热稳定性的影响 ,并筛选出较佳的反应条件。结果表明 ,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源 ,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂时 ,表面活性剂与硅源的量之比在 0 .12～ 1.2时 ,均可得到六方相介孔材料。最佳合成条件 :较强酸性介质 (pH值为 - 0 .6 )、反应温度为 0℃、晶化时间为 2 4h。对共溶剂的考察发现 ,三甲基苯有较好的扩孔性能 ,其加入量与表面活性剂的加入量之比为1时 ,能合成出比表面积高达 12 0 0m2 / g、晶形较好的SBA 3介孔材料。     

水热温度对改性活性炭制Pd/AC催化剂性能的影响

文章采用水热硝酸氧化法对活性炭表面基团进行处理,考察了水热温度对活性炭的孔结构、表面含氧基团的影响,对催化剂进行了一系列表征,并评价了Pd/AC催化剂催化甲酸分解的性能。结果表明,随着水热温度的提高,活性炭上含氧基团先增加后减少,水热温度过高会破坏活性炭孔结构,使Pd粒子尺寸先减小后增大,同时催化剂活性先升高后降低。硝酸浓度为1.0mol/L,水热4h,水热温度为150℃时,催化活性最好;在甲酸浓度为0.01mol/L,90℃反应1h情况下,催化甲酸分解率达到92.2%。     

从含钛电炉熔分渣制备纳米结构六钛酸钾晶须

研究了一种通过水热碱法—酸液回流—煅烧,从含钛电炉熔分渣中分离提取、制备纳米结构六钛酸钾晶须材料的新方法.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱等表征手段,详细探讨了煅烧过程中钛钾摩尔比、煅烧温度、保温时间和水浸对最终产物物相和微观形貌的影响.含钛电炉熔分渣在水热温度为200℃,水热反应时间为24 h,碱液浓度达12 mol·L-1时,经酸液回流后所得偏钛酸呈一维单晶纳米棒状结构.随着钛钾摩尔比从1.50增加至1.75,煅烧温度从800℃升高到1100℃,保温时间从0.5h延长至7h,制备得到的六钛酸钾晶须的纯度、结晶性及长径比逐渐提高.当钛钾摩尔比为1.75,煅烧温度为1100℃,保温5 h,水浸2 h后可制备得到尺寸均一的六钛酸钾纳米晶须.     

六方介孔硅基分子筛SBA-3合成条件的优化与表征

采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重-热差分析方法，考察了合成物体系中表面活性剂与硅源的量之比、反应温度、晶化时间、酸度及共溶剂等反应条件对SBA-3硅基介孔分子筛合成过程中结晶度、比表面积及热稳定性的影响，并筛选出较佳的反应条件。结果表明，以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂时，表面活性剂与硅源的量之比在0．12～1．2时，均可得到六方相介孔材料。最佳合成条件：较强酸性介质(pH值为-0．6)、反应温度为0℃、晶化时间为24h。对共溶剂的考察发现，三甲基苯有较好的扩孔性能，其加入量与表面活性剂的加入量之比为1时，能合成出比表面积高达1200m^2／g、晶形较好的SBA-3介孔材料。     

SiO_2干凝胶制备及其煅烧特性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合共沸蒸馏干燥工艺制备了SiO2干凝胶.探讨了共沸蒸馏过程对在常压干燥下凝胶多孔网络结构形成的影响,研究了煅烧过程中干凝胶物相及孔结构的变化.结果表明:采用共沸蒸馏干燥工艺可以同时完成颗粒表面疏水改性及凝胶中溶剂的替换过程;300℃煅烧后,SiO2干凝胶的比表面积为924.62m2·g-1,孔体积为0.754cm3·g-1,孔径主要分布在10nm以下,其微观结构与气凝胶相似;高温是导致颗粒烧结和孔结构变化的直接因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.