乳化液防锈性评价方法的试验研究

根据冷轧乳化液使用时的具体条件,提出了一套评价乳化液防锈性的新方法,并用该方法对乳化液防锈性进行了试验.试验结果说明,使用后的乳化液防锈性下降;轧后带卷的温度可以加速带钢生锈;中间退火后的带钢轧制时防锈性变差;防锈性好的乳化液与防锈性差的乳化液配比,对防锈性差的乳化液有利,最佳配比为3:1.工厂实践证明,试验结果是正确的,该评价方法可行.     

冷轧乳化液JG1使用性能的试验研究

通过对乳化液JG1和现用乳化液I使用性能的对比试验,分析了二者的润滑性能、极压性能、退火性能、防锈性能、耐腐败性能的优劣。试验结果表明,乳化液JG1的润滑性较好,能降低轧制压力10%;极压性较好,极限压下率可达56.1%;退火性残留物少,无油斑;防锈性较好,防锈剂的浓度适当,与基础油和其它添加剂的配伍性好;耐腐败性较好,能有效抑制硫酸还原菌的生长;使用温度控制在50-55℃,可以有效抑制硫酸还原菌的污染。试验结果可为进一步优化乳化液提供一定的依据。     

冷轧乳化液JG1使用性能的试验研究

通过对乳化液JG1和现用乳化液I使用性能的对比试验,分析了二者的润滑性能、极压性能、退火性能、防锈性能、耐腐败性能的优劣.试验结果表明,乳化液JG1的润滑性较好,能降低轧制压力10%;极压性较好,极限压下率可达56.1%;退火性残留物少,无油斑;防锈性较好,防锈剂的浓度适当,与基础油和其它添加剂的配伍性好;耐腐败性较好,能有效抑制硫酸还原菌的生长;使用温度控制在50-55 ℃,可以有效抑制硫酸还原菌的污染.试验结果可为进一步优化乳化液提供一定的依据.     

纳米添加剂对板带钢冷轧乳化液润滑性能的影响

通过四球摩擦学试验分析纳米添加剂对板带钢冷轧乳化液摩擦学性能的影响;在不同润滑条件下进行冷轧试验,分析纳米添加剂对冷轧过程和轧后带钢表面质量的影响.结果表明,含纳米添加剂的轧制乳化液与传统轧制乳化液相比,其承载能力和抗磨减摩性能均有所改善;带钢冷轧过程中采用含纳米添加剂的轧制乳化液进行润滑,可有效降低轧制压力和轧机功率、减少能耗,并且轧后带钢表面质量也有明显改观.     

冷轧带钢表面缺陷诊断

针对某冷轧厂生产的带钢表面经常出现锈斑、黑斑等缺陷,对原料、酸洗、轧制、退火和平整等工序进行了现场调研,并对乳化液相关指标、防锈性、耐腐败性及带钢表面缺陷的形貌和成分进行了检测。(1)板面残酸是造成锈斑的主要原因。应重点改进盐酸酸洗工艺和设备:调整挤干辊的压力,保持挤干辊的表面状态,加强水冲洗的压力和温度以及喷嘴的均匀性;同时,严格执行酸洗工艺制度。(2)轧机前后乳化液吹扫不净,卷入板内是造成成品黑斑的主要原因。要改进吹扫装置,保证把残留乳化液吹净,必要时增加一排吹扫喷嘴。(3)应设计合理的退火工艺制度,防止因退火不良或局部烧嘴堵塞加热不均造成油的局部挥发不全形成积碳;应重视退火前的松卷,加强对氨分解的监测。采用上述措施后,带钢表面缺陷大幅度减少:表面锈斑、黑色云纹和黑斑等问题得到彻底解决。     

冷轧带钢表面缺陷诊断

针对某冷轧厂生产的带钢表面经常出现锈斑、黑斑等缺陷,对原料、酸洗、轧制、退火和平整等工序进行了现场调研,并对乳化液相关指标、防锈性、耐腐败性及带钢表面缺陷的形貌和成分进行了检测.(1)板面残酸是造成锈斑的主要原因.应重点改进盐酸酸洗工艺和设备:调整挤干辊的压力,保持挤干辊的表面状态,加强水冲洗的压力和温度以及喷嘴的均匀性;同时,严格执行酸洗工艺制度.(2)轧机前后乳化液吹扫不净,卷入板内是造成成品黑斑的主要原因.要改进吹扫装置,保证把残留乳化液吹净,必要时增加一排吹扫喷嘴.(3)应设计合理的退火工艺制度,防止因退火不良或局部烧嘴堵塞加热不均造成油的局部挥发不全形成积碳;应重视退火前的松卷,加强对氨分解的监测.采用上述措施后,带钢表面缺陷大幅度减少:表面锈斑、黑色云纹和黑斑等问题得到彻底解决.     

全面优化O-W型乳化液的缓蚀防锈性能与稳定性的研究

分析研究了低浓度水包油型(O-W) 乳化液的缓蚀性和防锈性与其细度及稳定性的相互关系。发现乳液的防锈性和稳定性一般难以同时达到最佳值, 微乳化液因稳定性好而不能获得良好的防锈性能; 只有稳定性适中、且含有适量HLB 值较高的阴离子型表面活性剂作乳化剂组分的半透明细乳化液, 才具有最佳的防锈性能和缓蚀性能以及较好的稳定性。     

宝钢2030冷轧带钢板形识别和统计系统

为了实现对每卷带钢板形质量的定量评价，应用模糊分类理论构建了板形实测应力的板形缺陷(浪形)模式识别方法，提出了整卷带钢全部各帧应力值的识别结果的板形评价方法，开发了轧后带钢板形质量的识别和统计系统，实践表明该系统能在线及时提供每卷带钢板形定量的实物质量指标。     

柴油、甲醇和水三组元乳化液流变特性的研究

对柴油，甲醇和水三组元乳化液的流变特性进行了研究，实验发现，乳化液在本实验的组分配比下近似为牛顿流体，而且乳化剂的种类，含量以及乳化液的组分均对乳化液的流变特性具有显著的影响，对于组分相同的乳化液，乳化液的粘度随着乳化剂含量和粘度的增加而增加；当乳化剂的含量和粘度相同时，若甲醇和水之间的相对质量分数保持不变，减少乳化液中柴油的质量分数（不少于50%），乳化液的粘度随之增加，水和甲醇的含量对乳化液粘度的影响比较复杂，还需要做深入细致的机理研究。     

BNS微乳状切削液的研制

ＢＮＳ微乳状切削液主要是由复合型乳化剂、复合硼酸酯、防锈络合物等组成。用试验方法优化出切削液的最佳配比和合成工艺，经过检测切削液体技术和指标和工厂试用，表明各项技术指标均符合成切削液标准ＧＢ６１４４－８５和乳化油标准ＳＨ０３６５－９２，其中最大无卡咬负荷ＰＨ＝８２０Ｎ，防锈性能（单片）达８０小时，均优于标准；其切削力比眼降低１０－１５％，砂磨耗比为２４．６；该切削液性能优良，无毒无害，是一种很有发     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.