高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究现状与展望

高应变速率超塑性是一个涉及先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料的高科技前沿研究领域 美国SuperformAluminium公司采用超塑成形技术使轿车重量减轻了一半 ,大大降低了油耗与排放 ,因此高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究对于今后有效地利用地球资源和减少地球环境污染具有重要的现实意义 应变速率太低和成本太高是今后超塑性先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料大规模实用化进程中必须解决的关键问题 本文综述了国内外超塑性铝基复合材料和铝合金的制备、性能及变形机理的研究现状 ,指出了加快铸造法低成本制备高应变速率超塑性铝合金研究的迫切性 ,并展望了该材料在 2 1世纪的应用前景     

铬青铜超塑性压缩试验

对工业用铬青铜ＱＣｒ０．５－０．２－０．１进行了超塑性压缩试验研究,测定了其超塑流变曲线、ｍ值,考察了温度、应变速率对流变应力的影响以及超塑压缩变形后的显微组织。结果表明,在７４０～８２０℃,应变速率１．６７×１０－４～１．３３×１０－３Ｓ－１的范围内该合金具有较好的超塑性,为其超塑成形工艺提供了试验依据     

含Sc铝镁合金超塑变形行为与显微组织特征

研究了含微量Ｓｃ元素的ＡｌＭｇ合金在超塑变形过程中的力学行为和显微组织．结果表明：合金可在较宽温度和应变速率范围内获得良好的超塑性．在温度为５２０℃,初始应变速率为１６７×１０－３ｓ－１条件下拉伸变形时最大延伸率可以达到３９６％．显微组织分析发现,合金的超塑性效应是由变形初期的动态再结晶诱发产生,其超塑变形过程可分为亚晶超塑性阶段、过渡阶段和细晶超塑性阶段．     

滑阀零件超塑性挤压成形

本文研究了大晶粒铝锰β-黄铜的超塑性现象、探讨了应变速率、变形温度对超塑性拉伸时总延伸率的影响规律,为实现滑閥零件的超塑性挤压成形提供了参数和依据.文中还介绍了滑閥零件实现超塑性挤压成形的工艺过程和模具结构,为应用此工艺提供了可行的经验。     

Si3N4陶瓷颗粒增强铝基复合材料压缩超塑性研究

采用热压法制备出了体积分数为20%的Si3N4陶瓷颗粒增强的2124铝基复合材料,对该材料的压缩超塑性进行了研究,确定了该复合材料压缩超塑成形工艺参数,并对其超塑性机理进行了初步研究。研究表明,该复合材料在一定的工艺条件下可实现压缩超塑性,其最佳超塑压缩温度为515℃,最佳初始应变速率范围为1.225×10-4~1.225×10-3/s,其超塑性压缩变形机制为适量的液相和动态再结晶共同调节的晶界滑动。     

晶粒度对Zn—Al共析合金超塑变形的影响

本文研究了各种应变速率下,不同晶粒度对超塑流变应力的影响,建立了1gδ-1gδ的关系曲线,发现在从1.5×10~(-5)/秒-9.6×10~(-4)/秒的范围中,1gδ-1gδ是一组平行的直线,实验证明对Zn-A1共析合金采用超塑流变经验方程是合理的,并对n和P作了测定。 在不同晶粒度下,测定了各种应变速率和最大伸长率的关系。发现超过1.5×10~(-2)/秒,晶粒度增大时,超塑性明显下降,直至发生早期断裂。说明在一定应变速率下,超塑性对晶粒度是很敏感的。     

GCr_(15)钢Ac_1温度以上的组织超塑性

本文对低合金模具钢GCr_(15)Ac_1温度以上的组织超塑性进行了研究.结果表明,GCr_(15)钢经循环淬火超细化处理后,在Ac_1温度以上可实现超塑性,在780～800℃及0.4～2.8×10~(-2)min~(-1)条件下变形时可获得较好的超塑性能,其最大延伸率大于25%、流变应力小于40MPa,应变速率敏感性指数m为0.32,超塑变形后立即淬火,硬度≥HRC60.     

一种优良的超塑性模具钢——高碳铬硅钢

适当降低超高碳钢的含碳量,并加入一定量的铬和硅,可以得到一种具有优良的超塑性能和其它工艺性能的高碳铬硅钢。 同其它超塑性钢相比,这种钢的超塑性形变速率很高(>0.49min~(-1)),这将大大提高超塑性成形的速度;该钢超塑性成形的温度区间达150K以上,这将给超塑性成形的工业化应用带来极大便利;此外,这种钢的超塑性形变抗力低;超塑性组织的制备十分简便;该钢的淬透性和淬硬性都很好,室温力学性能优于9CrSi;等模具钢。因此,这种钢可作为超塑成形的模具钢使用。     

模具钢超塑性流变特性的研究

本文对四种工业用模具钢CrWMn、GGr15、Cr12MoV和3Cr2W8V的超塑性流变曲线、应变速率敏感性指数m值和超塑性流变激活能Q_(SP)值进行了测定,并考察了温度的影响。在此基础上讨论了m值、Q_(SP)值和断裂延伸率之间的关系以及超塑流变的速率控制机理。     

伞齿轮精锻模超塑成形热喷涂层的超塑性固相扩散焊接

本文研究了３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８ＶＡ钢伞齿轮精锻模型腔火焰喷涂Ｇ１１２ＷＣ合金层及在模具精密成形时涂层的超塑性扩散焊接。在８２０℃，应变速率ε为３×１０－４ｓ－１的压缩条件下．基材和涂层均发生超塑协调变形，实现稳定可靠的超塑固相连接。研究表明，此时涂层孔洞闭合，涂层颗粒间界及涂层与基材的结合界面完全焊合。超塑性扩散焊接涂层的结合强度与高频和火焰重熔涂层相当，其耐磨性比高频重熔和火焰重熔高２０％～３０％，比改善前３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８ＶＡ模具高达６０％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with