柴油机性能及排放预测高效试验设计应用研究

为柴油机性能预测及优化提供更为高效合理的试验方法,通过对比分析不同试验设计方法回归模型的精度及效率,研究了正交设计及均匀设计在建立柴油机性能及排放多元非线性回归预测模型中的应用。回归模型的建立采用了逐步回归分析方法,能够根据试验数据提取对预测参数影响最为显著的因素,建立最为精确且简单的预测模型。回归模型的建立除了包含各个因素的主效应外,还考虑了各个因素的交互作用及非线性作用,使回归模型更为精确。最后对2种试验设计方法的回归模型预测精度及效率进行对比分析,结果显示均匀设计在柴油机性能及排放预测试验研究中更为高效。     

基于偏最小二乘回归的飞机维修保障费用预测

分析了影响飞机维修保障费用的参数,提出用偏最小二乘回归方法来预测飞机维修保障费用。该方法对变量进行主成分分析、典型相关分析和多元线性回归,在处理存在多重线性相关的小样本多元数据方面效果很好。实例证明,与传统普通多元线性回归方法相比,偏最小二乘回归在飞机维修保障费用预测中精度更高。     

基于统计的民用飞机签派可靠度计算方法研究

签派可靠度是表征民用客机整机可靠性的关键参数,也是影响飞机原始设计的重要技术参数。本文采集了航空公司实际统计的机型延误率数据,根据延误率和签派可靠度的映射关系,从民用飞机设计角度入手,首先提出飞机初期设计阶段的7个设计参数,对延误率与设计参数进行相关分析,得出相关度最大的前3个设计参数,建立了签派可靠度与3个飞机原始设计参数之间的多元回归模型,对民用飞机的签派可靠度进行预测,并用A320现役飞机和C919国产大飞机进行实证,预测模型合理,预测精度较高,可以为我国民用飞机整机签派可靠度的预测奠定理论基础和数据支撑,同时签派可靠度的预测模型可以为民用飞机的结构设计提供数据参考。     

机场道面使用性能的动态自回归预测模型

针对我国机场道面性能观测时间短,观测数据少,使用现有模型预测精度低,不能根据观测值动态更新预测模型等现状,提出了将卡尔曼滤波应用于时间序列预测的方法,建立了动态自回归预测模型,进行机场道面使用性能的预估.选取我国华东某机场的实测道面状况指数为基础数据,进行时间序列建模,应用卡尔曼滤波算法实现时间序列模型参数的实时更新,分析模型的预测效果.时间序列数据较少时,难以建立高精度的自回归模型,通过卡尔曼滤波处理建立的动态自回归预测模型精度明显提高.     

基于深度神经网络的空气质量预测系统

提出了使用深度栈式自编码模型进行空气质量预测.选择了PM2. 5、PM10等污染物数据作为样本.本模型基于Java平台构建,进行了训练和参数调整,建立了最优的空气预测模型.根据北京市的实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的精度.与支持向量回归(SVR)模型和线性回归模型相比,本文提出的模型具有优越的性能.     

城市日用水量预测的非参数模型研究

本文针对传统的线性回归模型误差较大的特点,利用核估计与局部线性估计方法,以气温、节假日为自变量,以用水量为因变量建立了城市日用水量的多元非参数回归模型.经西安市实例验证表明,相对于线性回归模型而言,多元非参数回归模型预测精度较高,预测效果好.     

基于小波神经网络的油页岩含油率预测方法

在油页岩含油率实验分析的基础上,优选含油率敏感性测井参数,采用小波神经网络法构建含油率多测井参数预测模型.利用该模型对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系长7段储层含油率进行预测,将预测结果与多元线性回归预测结果进行对比.结果表明,利用小波神经网络法预测油页岩含油率精度更高,为研究区油页岩勘查工作部署提供科学依据.     

人口增长率的非参数自回归预测模型

针对传统的人口增长预测模型不能理想地捕获我国人口增长率数据的非线性性特征，本文基于局部线性非参数估计理论，对我国建国以来的年人口增长率建立了非参数自回归NAB．（1）模型，并对2000年-2003年的年人口增长率进行了预测，计算结果表明，相对于参数自回归模型而言，非参数自回归模型能够很好地解决人口增长预测这一非线性问题，预测精度较高．     

RBF神经网络优化灰线性回归模型预测建模

针对建筑物地基沉降的机理以及RBF(Radial Basis Function,径向基函数)神经网络能够有效描述不确定性问题和解决复杂非线性问题等特点,通过反复试验,优化设计,建立了RBF神经网络,并用该网络优化灰线性回归预测模型,建立RBF灰线性组合预测模型。通过工程实例,比较分析了单一灰色模型、灰线性回归模型、RBF优化的灰线性回归模型的预测精度。结果表明,RBF优化后的灰线性回归预测模型精度优于灰色模型、灰线性回归模型,预测中误差达到0.0014 mm。径向基神经网络优化后的灰线性模型能更好地反映建筑物沉降的总体趋势及规律。     

航空液压系统流量智能预测方法研究

液压系统是飞机重要机载系统之一,它为飞机输出能源驱动,其性能、稳定性和可靠性直接影响飞机的安全性。流量是衡量液压系统稳定性的重要判据,实时监测液压系统管路流量可对系统特性分析、故障诊断提供有力的支持。但由于流量传感器造成的流阻对系统特性有显著影响,因此在航空液压系统中未广泛使用。针对传感器带来的流阻问题,深入分析了与流量相关的参数,提出基于梯度提升回归树的航空液压系统流量预测模型,通过关键参数预测液压系统的流量。最后试验结果表明, GBRT模型相比最小二乘线性回归模型、决策树回归模型、极端梯度提升树XGBoost模型,在预测准确度、训练时间、测试时间等指标中取得了较好的表现,验证提出方法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.