福建两个蛋鸭品种和常见野鸭线粒体DNA(mtDNA)限制性酶切图谱的比较

用７种限制性内切酶（ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｏｃＲⅤ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳａｃⅠ、ＸｂａⅠ）分析了蛋鸭（金定鸭、莆田黑鸭）、野鸭（斑嘴鸭、绿头鸭）的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性类型，并用双酶法构建了以上鸭类的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性酶切图谱．结果表明，蛋鸭与野鸭在ｍｔＤＮＡ结构上发生了明显分岐．比较两种野鸭和金定鸭的图谱，发现金定鸭与绿头鸭的亲缘关系较近．     

丝羽乌骨鸡mtDNA限制酶酶切研究

应用碱变性法制备丝羽乌骨鸡（简称丝羽鸡）肝细胞ｍｔＤＮＡ，测其分子量为１８．５ｋｂ．用限制性内切酶进行酶切分析，结果表明，ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＳａｃⅠ在丝羽鸡ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别有１、１、１、２个酶切位点．根据单酶和双酶完全酶切片段的分子量，建立了丝羽鸡ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制酶图谱．与由来亨鸡肝细胞ｍｔＤＮＡ为材料所得的研究结果比较，发现丝羽鸡与来亨鸡在ｍｔＤＮＡ种质方面存在着较大差异．     

福建两个蛋鸭品种和常见野鸭线粒体DNA（mtDNA）限制性酶？…

用７种限制性内切酶分析了蛋鸭,野鸭的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性类型,并用双酶法构建了以上鸭类的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性酶切图谱。结果表明,蛋鸭与野鸭在ｍｔＤＮＡ结构上发生了明显分歧,比较两种野鸭和金定鸭的图变,发现金定鸭与绿头鸭的亲缘关系较近。     

草鱼线粒体DNA酶切图谱的研究

用１０种限制性内切酶对草鱼肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了分析，其分子太小约１６．５８ｋｂ．ＰｓｔＩ，ＢａｍＨＩ，ＸｂａＩ，ＢｇｌＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＢⅡ，ＰｖｕⅡ，ＸｈｏⅠ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ，ＳａｌⅠ在草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别具有２，３，３，４，７，３，６，２，４及０个切点。根据单酶解及双酶解结果建立了草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制性酶切图谱。     

蓖麻蚕蛹mtDNA的限制性内切酶图谱

采用碱变性法制备蓖麻蚕蛹ｍｔＤＮＡ，经九种限制性内切酶单酶和双酶酶解后，琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测酶切位点数和酶切片段长度。根据片段的大小确定消失片段与新生片段关系，通过对片段重叠、拼接、判断各片段邻近位置，从而构建了９种限制性内切酶、共２４个酶切位点蓖麻蚕蛹ｍｔＤＮＡ酶切图谱。     

长爪沙鼠线粒休DNA限制物理图谱的研究

长爪沙鼠线粒体ＤＮＡ经分离提纯，采用ＢｚｍＨＩ，ＢｇｌⅡ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ和＊ＰｓｔⅠ四种内切酶对１３只长爪鼠ｍｔＤＭＡ进行了酶切分析。其中大多数长爪沙鼠酶切图谱相同，用上述四种酶切分别产生１、５、６、和３个片段，我们称之为Ａ型；另３只氏爪沙鼠经ＢｇｌⅡｉ和ＥｃｏＲ酶切后分别产生４个片段，称为Ｂ型。利用λ—ＤＮＡＨｉｎｄⅢ、ΦＸ—ｌ７４ＨＡＥⅢ、λ—ＤＮＡＢｓｔＥⅡ酶切片段作为标准，以琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测出长爪沙鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ内切片段大小，各种酶切片段分子量加起来均为１６．０５ｋｂ。经多次ＢａｍＨⅠ对ｍｔＤＮＡ单酶切，发现只有一个切点，以此切点为零点，分别与其它三种酶组合进行双酶切时，均未改变原来各酶单酶切片段大小，这说明另外三个酶均有一个切点接近零点。我们根据双酶解和不完全酶解片段的大小分析确定了各酶切片段之间的相对位置，绘制了ｍｔＤＮＡ的物理图谱。本次得到的长爪沙鼠的ｍｔＤＮＡ物理图谱是以ＢａｍＨⅠ酶切点为零点，ＰｓｔⅠ酶切片段ｃ→ａ为顺时针方向，由四种内切酶对ｍｔＤＮＡ的水解结果而得到的１５个片段组成，其中大部内切酶切点的相对位置是用双酶解结果来定位的，小部分切点（６个）则是利用不完全酶解结果定位的。１５个位点     

上海四膜虫(Tetrahymena shanghaiensis)线粒体DNA的酶切分析

该文以六种限制性内切酶对上海四膜虫ｍｔＤＮＡ进行单酶完全酶切,ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＨｈａⅠ酶切均产生４个片段,ＰｓｔⅠ、ＨｐａⅡ、ＨａｅⅢ酶切分别产生５、６、７个片段。不同的酶切征段大小及总和有一定的差异,酶切结果比较,有较大的差异。同其它方法如四膜虫大核ｒＤＮＡ限制性内切酶分析、同工酶分析及皮层细胞骨架组分分析结果一致,进上步证明上海四膜虫是梨形四膜虫复合种的一种。     

褶纹冠蚌肝脏线粒体DNA的初步研究

对褶纹冠蚌肝脏线粒体ｍｔＤＮＡ进行了提取，纯化，内切酶分析和电镜观察，ＢａｍＨＩ和ＢｇｌＩ单酶切结果分别产生两个和三个片段，测得其分子大小为１５．４９ｋｂ，分子量为９．５７×１０＾６，电镜观察显示ｍｔＤＮＡ呈环形，大小为１５．４０ｋｂ。褶纹冠蚌肝脏ＤＮＡ与其它动物的ｍｔＤＮＡ在形状和大小上相似。     

小灵猫华东亚种线粒体DNA限制性位点图

提纯了小灵猫华东亚种（ＶｉｖｅｒｒｉｃｕｌａｉｎｄｉｃａｐａｌｉｄａＧｒａｙ）的肝脏ｍｔＤＮＡ．用ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨｐａⅠ、ＫｐｎⅠ、ＭｌｕⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＳａｃⅡ、ＳａｌⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ等１１种识别６碱基对的限制性内切酶对小灵猫华东亚种ｍｔＤＮＡ进行消化分析，１１种限制性内切酶均有１～５个位点；根据单酶消化和双酶消化片段的数目和分子量，构建了小灵猫华东亚种ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性位点图     

长吻Wei肝脏线粒体DNA的研究

采用密度梯度离心法及ＤＮａｓｅ Ｉ、ＲＮａｓｅ消化法制备并纯化了长吻Ｗｅｉ肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔ ＤＮＡ）。用９种限制性内切酬谢ｍｔ ＤＮＡ进行了分析。Ｘｈｏ Ⅰ，Ｂｇｌ Ⅱ、ＥｃｏＲ Ⅰ、Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ、Ｂｇｌ Ⅰ、ＢａｍＨ Ⅰ、Ｈｉｎｄ Ⅲ、Ｓａｌ Ⅰ在长吻Ｗｅｉ ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别具１、３、３、２、１、２、４、７、０个切点。ｍｔ ＤＮＡ分子量约１０．３１×１０＾６道尔顿，大小为１６．６９ｋｂ。根据     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.