一株产木聚糖酶菌固体发酵条件的优化

采用单因素试验设计对黑曲霉发酵产木聚糖酶的条件进行了研究,并探讨了黑曲霉发酵的产酶模式.以麸皮和玉米芯质量比7:3混合后作为碳源,含0.15%的硫酸铵为无机氮源,物料与水分的比为1:1.5,培养温度28～30℃,培养基起始pH值为4.8,接种量为4%(107个/mL),外加吐温-20±0.05%,发酵时间为72h,用10倍培养基的自来水,40℃摇床浸提1h,木聚糖酶活可达650.45U,为木聚糖酶固体发酵的工业化生产和应用提供参考.     

黑曲霉的紫外诱变及其液体发酵产木聚糖酶

黑曲霉A,为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变处理,采用平板培养筛选,获得一产木聚糖酶活力高的茵株.实验通过氮源含量,碳源含量,培养基含量和发酵时间对液体发酵产木聚糖酶的影响分析,得出产木聚糖酶的最优条件,即培养时间60 h,接种量5 mL细胞浓度为5×10°个/mL孢子悬液,温度为28℃,氮源质量浓度4 g/L,底物量为0.55 g,培养液70 mL,此条件下生产的木聚糖酶活力可达到58.305 u/mL.     

玉米芯诱导里氏木霉Rut C30产纤维素酶的分析

分别以不同木质纤维素类为碳源(质量浓度均为10,g/L)诱导里氏木霉Rut C30产酶,通过测定诱导过程的产酶曲线,结果表明:以玉米芯为诱导碳源时,各酶组分的产酶水平最高,诱导120,h后纤维素酶滤纸酶活、β–葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶酶活分别为1.53,FPU/m L、0.61,IU/m L和72.86,IU/m L.采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析了玉米芯水解过程中糖的组成及变化,可检测到的单糖包括葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖和半乳糖以及纤维二糖等寡糖.诱导产酶实验表明单糖中只有半乳糖可诱导纤维素酶的合成.     

桔绿木霉产木聚糖酶固体发酵条件研究

对桔绿木霉(Trichoderma citrinoviride)XE-13产木聚糖酶发酵条件进行优化.采用单因素法,研究固体发酵条件下最适培养基组成、料水比以及培养温度、培养基初始p H、培养时间、接种量等条件对产酶的影响.确定培养基组成为:碳源(m(麸皮)∶m(玉米芯)=4 g∶6 g);氮源(NH_4)_2SO_4;碳∶氮=(m(C)∶m(N)=1 g∶0.05 g);料∶水=1 g∶1.5 mL.最适合的培养条件为:培养温度30℃、培养基初始pH值6.0、培养时间72 h、接种量1.0×10~7个/mL孢子悬液/培养基干料=0.3 mL/10 g.在此条件下,木聚糖酶活力可达391.5 U/g.     

酸性环境中木聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选及鉴定

从pH 5.0的酸性土壤中筛选出一株木聚糖酶高产菌株A4,菌体固态发酵产酶条件优化表明,最佳发酵培养基配方为：麸皮37.79％,玉米芯9.10％,NH4NO3 0.51％,MnSO4 1.60％,水50％,接种量2.0％,最适发酵温度28～32 ℃,发酵培养48～52 h,木聚糖酶活力最高达到750 U/g（碳源）.该菌株所产木聚糖酶的最适pH为4.8,比野生黑曲霉的pH值低.通过生长形态和分子生物学方法相结合的鉴定该菌株为黄曲霉.     

匍枝根霉液态发酵产木聚糖酶培养基优化研究

利用响应面法对匍枝根霉液态发酵产木聚糖酶的培养基进行优化研究.采用单因素实验,得到最佳的碳源、氮源、无机盐.采用Plackett-Burman对影响匍枝根霉产木聚糖酶发酵的相关因素进行评价,确定有显著效应的3个因素.采用最陡爬坡实验确定接近响应值区域显著因素的浓度,利用3因素3水平的Box-Behnken实验进行培养基优化.结果表明,培养基组成:3.9%麦麸玉米芯粉混合碳源,0.35%(NH4)2SO4,0.2%KH2PO4,0.2%MgSO4·7H2O,0.4%CaCl2,0.06%吐温-80,1%微量元素液,装液量为100mL,pH自然,接种量为10%,在30℃,180r/min条件下培养,其木聚糖酶酶活达到最高为101.697U/mL,比优化前木聚糖酶酶活提高了3.5倍.     

高产芽孢杆菌MS12木聚糖酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质研究

从昆明某磷矿土壤中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶能力较强的菌株——MS12,通过单因素试验初步优化了该菌株的产酶条件.试验结果显示,该菌株最佳产酶培养基为玉米芯粉50 g/L、麸皮40 g/L、NH_4Cl 10 g/L、CaCl_2 5 g/L、NaHPO_42 g/L,pH自然;最佳产酶发酵条件为30℃,180 r/min,装样量30 mL/250 mL三角瓶,震荡培养96 h.经测定,菌株MS12所产木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为65℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,具有较好的pH稳定性. 1 mmol/L Na~+、Ba~(2+)和10 mmol/L Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对酶活有促进作用,Ag~+对酶活有明显的抑制作用.     

碳源对里氏木霉β-聚糖酶合成的影响

研究了里氏木霉β-聚糖酶的生物合成,并比较了以玉米芯、纸浆、粗木聚糖为碳源对里氏木霉β-聚糖酶诱导合成的影响。结果表明:里氏木霉以15 g/L的玉米芯为碳源合成β-聚糖酶,培养4 d时滤纸酶活、羧基纤维素(CMC)酶活、纤维二糖酶活和木聚糖酶活分别为1.03 FPIU/mL、0.54、0.08和149.7 IU/mL;以纸浆为碳源,可得到较高纤维素酶活、较低木聚糖酶活的β-聚糖酶;以粗木聚糖为碳源,可制备低纤维素酶活的木聚糖酶,木聚糖酶活与CMC酶活的比值高达785.4,适合于纸浆的生物漂白。     

碳源和氮源对黑曲霉分泌β-葡萄糖苷酶的影响

以黑曲霉(Aspergillus nigernl-1)为产酶菌种,研究了碳源和氮源对β-葡萄糖苷酶合成的影响。结果表明:麸皮为最好的碳源,适宜的使用量为4%;(NH4)2SO4、蛋白胨分别为较佳的无机氮源和有机氮源,由无机氮与有机氮组成的复合氮源更有利于β-葡萄糖苷酶分泌,其适宜比例为0.2%(NH4)2SO4和3.19%蛋白胨。通过碳源、氮源的优化,β-葡萄糖苷酶活力达到4.82 U/mL。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵培养基的优化

采用单因子试验和正交试验对链霉茵HS-1产谷氨酰胺转胺酶(TG)发酵培养基进行优化,以提高酶的产量.在所选用的无机氮源中,硫酸铵有利于茼体生长和产酶,硝酸钾和氯化铵不利于菌体生长和产酶;所选用的碳源中,甘油为最适碳源.通过L9(34)正交试验确定发酵培养基的组成为(g/L):豆饼粉,20;硫酸铵,3;甘油,20;酵母膏,6;MgSO4·7H2O,2;K2HPO4·3H2O,2.经过培养基优化,酶产量由6.42μ/mL提高到7.45μ/mL.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.