液压胀形薄壁管材料流动应力方程的构建

提出了一种采用管材液压胀形（THB）来构建管材流动应力方程的方法．基于薄壁管材在液压胀形中的试验数据，用曲线拟合方法、塑性薄膜理论及静力平衡方程通过计算来确定管材流动应力方程，避免了变形管材轮廓子午向曲率半径、变形区应力与应变的直接测量．采用模具内部增压方式，开发了一套可在单动压力机上使用的自然胀形试验装置，并在此装置上对不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti管及碳素钢20钢管进行了管端自由的液压自然胀形试验，获得了2种管材的THB材料参数并构建了流动应力方程．研究结果表明：与单向拉伸试验相比可以得到更大应变范围内的流动应力；在等效应变较小时，所得到的流动应力曲线与单向拉伸试验得到的流动应力曲线基本接近，但随着应变的增大，两者差距增大；从液压胀形试验法中得到的管材硬化指数、强度系数及流动应力均比相应板材的单向拉伸试验数值要大得多。     

筒形模超塑充模胀形的力学解析

以往对充模胀形进行力学解析时,均假设厚度均匀变薄.但实际变形过程中,厚度明显是不均匀的.文中以筒形模具为对象,应用超塑胀形变m值本构方程,建立了厚度不均匀变薄的超塑充模胀形力学解析方程,并结合典型超塑性合金ZnAl4Cu薄板,对理论结果进行了实验验证.结果表明:建立的厚度不均匀变薄的力学解析模型能真实地反映筒形模具充模胀形的变形规律.     

水中物点成像位置的定量研究

从光的折射定律出发，运用有关数学知识，定量研究了水中物点成像的规律。得到了观察自坐标原点o出发沿x轴正向改变观察方位观察时所看到虚像连成的曲线方程和观察在圆柱体形装水容器上空附近不同方位观察时水中物点A成像的区域，并且利用计算机描绘出了其曲线与成像的区域。     

楔快扩孔护环所需胀形力公式的推导及其变形分析

本文对三种楔块扩孔护环的模具结构(单冲头平底座、单冲头斜底座、双冲头)和胀形时的变形特点进行了力学分析。推导出护环扩孔时所需胀形力的公式;证明了双冲头的模具结构扩孔时所需的胀形力,小于单冲头平底座扩孔时所需胀形力的二分之一。     

汽车后桥缩径-胀形工艺的仿真分析

针对汽车后桥的缩径-胀形工艺,为得到合理的胀形加载路径,在缩径实验的基础上,使用ABAQUS软件对缩径-胀形工艺进行了数值仿真,确定了仿真过程中的边界条件以及加载方式,分析了不同的加载路径对成形过程的影响,考察了液压胀形的主要工艺参数,即液压与轴向进给量对成形过程的影响,得到了合理的加载路径. 仿真结果表明,缩径仿真结果与实验结果较为吻合;第1次胀形取胀形压力为常压47 MPa,第2次胀形取多线性加载路径,所得桥壳外形和尺寸较为理想;在第2次胀形时进行退火处理,胀形桥壳应力分布更为均匀,所需胀形压力也较小.      

紫铜等径长支管三通管复合胀形工艺

介绍了以聚氨脂橡胶为胀形介质，采用复合胀形工艺，将无缝管一次成形为三通管成品的加工工艺，包括模具结构设计、胀形变形力学特征和胀形成形机理分析及胀形力的计算，研究表明，这对实际生产有着重要的理论指导意义。     

耐候钢09CuPCrNi焊件冲压胀形的试验研究

为降低带焊缝构件在冲压成形时的废品率，以耐侯钢０９ＣｕＰＣｒＮｉ为试验材料研究了试样上胀形后各点的应变量。结果表明，板材焊接后的胀形性能有所降低，但其成形极限却有所提高。     

长支管T型管接头复合胀形试验

对紫铜长支管T型管复合胀形工艺进行了试验研究，介绍了包括冲头挤压力的公式与计算，试验中所用复合胀形模具结构和部分重要零件的设计与选取及试验结果。试验研究表明，复合胀形工艺能够生产出支管长度比较长的T型管；采用合理的模具结构，正确计算冲头挤压力、胀形内压力及径向反压力，使胀形区始终处于多压应力状态，是复合胀形工艺的关键。     

用一维拉伸和二维自由胀形本构方程处理充模胀形力学问题的比较

针对超塑性充模胀形的力学问题并结合典型超塑性Zn-Al合金(W Al =22%),依据实测结果进行理论分析表明,对于充模胀形不能用一维拉伸的本构方程直接推广处理二维的力学问题,文中还提出了校正理论结果和实验结果之间偏差的方法.     

容器形状对液体内声波的影响

在考虑液体介质的黏热性以及非线性的基础上,结合容器形状对液体传声特性的影响,推导并得到了包含容器形状因素在内的一维声传播方程,同时利用频域展开和数值分析方法,探讨了不同形状容器中介质内声场分布.设容器具有轴对称性,其形状有圆柱、锥状和指数形.数值计算结果表明,在同样的声激励条件下,容器形状影响介质内声压幅值大小和分布,而声源位于指数形容器大端时影响更为明显.不同形状的容器中液体内的声波均具有非线性驻波特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.