水蒸气和石灰石对流化床富氧燃烧NO的影响

借助循环流化床试验台架研究了水蒸气和石灰石对煤流化床富氧燃烧时NO析出的影响.结果表明:与空气燃烧相比,煤在体积分数比φ(O2)∶φ(CO2)=21%∶79%气氛下燃烧时NO的析出量降低.O2+CO2气氛下,随着O2体积浓度的增加,NO的析出量逐渐增大.水蒸气加入后,燃烧温度降低,且受到水煤气反应和水的离解等化学作用的影响,NO还原反应增强,析出量降低;水蒸气体积浓度越高,析出量的降低越大.CO2体积浓度的增加对NO还原反应的影响要大于水蒸气体积浓度增加时.石灰石煅烧产物CaO对密相区NO还原反应的催化作用占主导地位,进而致使NO的析出量降低;且其对挥发份较高的黄陵烟煤的影响要小于对挥发份较低的晋城无烟煤的影响.水蒸气会加速CaO的烧结,降低CaO对NO还原反应的催化作用.     

改性活性焦低温脱硝实验研究

采用浸渍法制备改性活性焦脱并除烟气中的NOx,研究了煅烧气氛、不同改性剂、改性剂浓度、模拟烟气温度对改性活性焦脱硝率的影响.结果表明:经FeSO4,CuSO4,K2CO3,KMnO4四种改性剂改性的活性焦中以FeSO4改性活性焦脱硝效果最佳;纯氮气气氛下煅烧制得的改性活性焦脱硝效果要好于在氮气加水蒸气气氛中获得的改性活性焦;四种不同质量分数(2%,5%,10%,20%)FeSO4改性活性焦的脱硝对比实验结果表明:5%的FeSO4改性制得的活性焦脱硝效果最好;在较低温度(80℃～180℃)范围内时,最佳的脱硝烟气温度为80℃,并且NO脱除率可稳定在40%.     

城市生活垃圾可燃组分挥发分析出动力学预测

为了给气化焚烧炉工艺参数的确定提供参考依据,实验研究城市生活垃圾中5种可燃组分在氮气、二氧化碳和空气中挥发分的析出特性。热重分析表明:各组分在空气气氛下挥发分析出的同时发生挥发分燃烧,氮气和二氧化碳气氛下的挥发分析出特性基本一致;含氯塑料和织物的挥发分分两段析出,其余各组分挥发分为一段析出;各物料的挥发分析出区间为250-520℃,挥发时间小于10min。根据Caots-Redfern方法确定动力学参数并进行动力学预测。     

城市生活垃圾可燃组分挥发分析出动力学预测

为了给气化焚烧炉工艺参数的确定提供参考依据,实验研究城市生活垃圾中5种可燃组分在氮气、二氧化碳和空气中挥发分的析出特性。热重分析表明:各组分在空气气氛下挥发分析出的同时发生挥发分燃烧,氮气和二氧化碳气氛下的挥发分析出特性基本一致;含氯塑料和织物的挥发分分2段析出,其余各组分挥发分为1段析出;各物料的挥发分析出区间为250~520℃,挥发时间小于10 min。根据Caots-Redfern方法确定动力学参数并进行动力学预测。     

基于TG-FTIR的印染污泥与烟煤掺烧特性研究

采用热重红外联用仪研究了印染污泥与烟煤的掺混燃烧过程.结果表明:污泥燃烧存在3个主要阶段,分别对应于150~350℃区间纤维类挥发分的析出和燃烧、350~500℃区间细菌蛋白质等高分子有机质的燃烧以及500℃后无机染料矿物质的煅烧;烟煤中掺入印染污泥可提高着火特性,30%掺混时可降低着火点约20℃,同时综合燃烧特性指数下降;印染污泥燃烧初期活化能仅为70 k J/mol,燃烧后期活化能升至130~160 k J/mol;随烟煤中污泥添加量的增加,混合物初始阶段的活化能减小而后续燃烧阶段的活化能增大.综合分析发现,当污泥量低于20%时,对整体燃烧特性的影响较小.热重红外曲线表明:污泥与烟煤混合后,矿物质之间通过反应对污染物的行程产生影响;污泥灰分中的碱性氧化物以及起固硫催化作用的Fe_2O_3有利于将混合物中的硫固定在灰渣中;NO_x主要来源于燃料型NO_x的释放;由于污泥易于脱挥,析出小分子的可燃气体形成还原性气氛,有利于降低混合物燃烧前期NOx的生成.     

O2/CO2气氛下混煤燃烧过程中NOx排放特性

在滴管炉上对无烟煤、烟煤及其混煤在O2/CO2气氛下燃烧时的NOx排放特性进行了研究,重点分析了燃烧气氛、温度、氧浓度、掺混比例等对NOx排放浓度及氮转化率的影响.实验结果表明,较之O2/N2气氛下,无烟煤与烟煤在O2/CO2气氛下混烧时NO排放浓度平均低大约12%;随O2体积分数增加,NO排放浓度仅小幅增加;随混煤中无烟煤所占比例的增加,NO排放浓度先减小后增加,当无烟煤/烟煤比例为1:1时,其达到最小值;混煤的氮转化率随混煤中无烟煤比例的增加而逐渐减小.混煤的氮转化率与掺混比例有较大的关联,但并非简单的线性关系.     

煤焦燃烧特性与其脱硝效率间的关联实验研究

采用神木烟煤在高温氮气气氛下制备煤焦,并探讨了不同的氧气体积分数及取样位置下煤焦脱硝与燃烧间的关联.结果表明:煤焦脱硝效能的最大发挥主要可通过再燃区氧气体积分数的调控来实现.当再燃区氧气体积分数低于3.26%时,控制氧气体积浓度在煤焦表面实现表面氧化反应控制下的燃烧状态,能促进煤焦颗粒大幅升温,同时通过限制着火强度可以保证颗粒表面存在氧化反应生成活性点所需的足够氧气,此时适当延迟取样有利于煤焦脱硝效率的提高;当再燃区氧气体积分数高于3.26%时,易导致煤焦进入表面还原反应控制燃烧状态,过多延迟取样则将失去强化脱硝的效果.     

稻草与煤共热解过程中不同赋存状态钾的迁移转化行为

为研究稻草与煤共热解过程中钾元素的迁移规律,选用稻草和晋城无烟煤为原料,在高频炉实验平台上对全钾的析出以及不同赋存状态钾的迁移转化进行了研究。结果表明,晋城无烟煤对钾的析出有抑制作用,全钾析出率随着温度的升高和煤掺混比降低而升高;当热解温度低于1000℃时,SiO_2与钾生成较稳定的硅酸盐;当热解温度高于1000℃时,高岭土与钾生成稳定的硅铝酸盐。Al_2O_3通过表面黏附来减少钾的析出,煤中的挥发分和固定碳可以与钾结合减少钾的析出,晋城无烟煤整体上促进了稻草中水溶态和可离子交换态钾向酸溶态及残渣态钾转化。     

不同反应气氛下尖晶石型Cu0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4 催化剂的柴油车氮氧化物净化性能

为考察溶胶-凝胶法制备的尖晶石型Cu0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4催化剂在不同反应条件下的稳定性和适应性,通过在自制的固定床反应器上模拟柴油车尾气,研究在不同反应气氛下催化剂的NH3选择性催化还原NOx性能,并利用XRD、SEM、N2吸附、FT-IR等技术对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明：Cu0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4催化剂在不同反应气氛下的催化性能和抗硫性能各异。300~400℃为高效温度区间,其中350℃为最佳活性温度点,而自280℃起,随着温度的提高,催化剂抗硫性能也随之提高。在10000~30000h-1空速范围内,催化剂具有较好的适应性,催化性能和抗硫性能随着空速的增加而逐渐降低。当氧含量≥5%时,催化剂具有良好的催化活性和抗硫性能。一定的氨氮比（≥1.2）可使NO去除率达到最大。反应过程中催化剂的失活程度与SO2浓度呈正相关,催化剂在低硫浓度（≤0.035%）下具有良好的抗硫性能。     

油页岩热解过程中硫的析出特性

利用微量硫分析仪对甘肃窑街油页岩热解过程中硫的析出特性进行分析,考察了不同温度和催化剂作用下热解气中硫的形态分布和析出特点。结果表明:油页岩在低温下总硫的析出量最大;随着温度升高,总硫的析出变化复杂,475℃的析出量最大为5 060.41 mg/m3;热解气中,H2S的析出量最大,475℃时为5 272.66 mg/m3。不同温度下,油页岩中硫的析出机理不同。添加催化剂对油页岩中硫的析出具有促进作用,膨润土和Mo S2对硫的析出的促进作用最大,总硫析出量比常规热解提高4.58倍和3.95倍;活性白土和环烷酸钴的促进作用最小,分别比常规热解提高64.01%和32.95%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.