满足螺旋边界条件的额外维存在时的标量场Casimir效应

研究了满足螺旋边界条件的额外维存在时的平行板标量场Casimir效应．利用Zeta函数正则化方法,得到T用第二类变形Bessel函数表示的Casimir力．发现Casimir力总是吸引力,但是对于相同尺度的螺旋结构参数和平板间的距离,与不存在额外维的情形相比,平板间Casimir力的大小降低了一个数量级．螺旋结构参数越小,Casimir力的大小降低越多．     

D+1维时空中平行板内有限温度Casimir效应

利用采他函数正则化方法计算D+1维时空中平行板内电磁场的有限温度Casimir效应,得到自由能、熵和Casimir压力的解析表达式,并讨论高温和低温情形的极限结果.在D=3情况下,通过数学变换,可回到文献中利用格林函数正则化得到的结果.     

D+1维闵可夫斯基时空中p维超立方体腔内卡西米尔自由能的正则化(英文)

重新考虑了D+1维闵可夫斯基时空中p维超立方体腔里的标量场的热卡西米尔效应.经过标准的量子场论方法处理后,热卡西米尔自由能可以分为零温部分和有限的与温度有关的部分.在此前的一些文献中,由于含温度的部分自身是有限的,这部分的正则化被忽视了,而无穷远处卡西米尔能量的收敛性以及卡西米尔力的消失又要求对这部分进行正则化.利用Zeta函数方法和Abel-Plana公式,严格推导了自由能零温部分和含温部分的正则化.在D=3,p=1和D=p=3的情况下准确地恢复了文献中平行板和三维盒子的结果.并且给出了卡西米尔自由能高温(大间隔)和低温(小间隔)展开的精确表达式,并由此验证了在零温和含温两部分自由能都正则化后,对于不同的边界条件,在无穷远处卡西米尔力总是趋于零.     

几种简单结构内Casimir力的计算方法

阐述了零点能及Casimir力产生的理论依据,着重分析了两平行平面结构、矩形腔结构和两同心圆柱体结构内的零点能及Casimir力的计算方法,并对计算结果进行分析,讨论了在不同条件下零点能及Casimir力的不同表现．相同的计算方法下发现,Casimir力与微腔边界的形状有很大的关系,与几何尺寸成反比,是边界大小、几何形状和拓扑的函数,并且同外界的影响因素如温度、传导性等密切相关．它可以是引力也可为斥力,而且对于某些结构,它还可在引力和斥力间转换。     

Direct measurement of critical Casimir forces

When fluctuating fields are confined between two surfaces, long-range forces arise. A famous example is the quantum-electrodynamical Casimir force that results from zero-point vacuum fluctuations confined between two conducting metal plates. A thermodynamic analogue is the critical Casimir force: it acts between surfaces immersed in a binary liquid mixture close to its critical point and arises from the confinement of concentration fluctuations within the thin film of fluid separating the surfaces. So far, all experimental evidence for the existence of this effect has been indirect. Here we report the direct measurement of critical Casimir force between a single colloidal sphere and a flat silica surface immersed in a mixture of water and 2,6-lutidine near its critical point. We use total internal reflection microscopy to determine in situ the forces between the sphere and the surface, with femtonewton resolution. Depending on whether the adsorption preferences of the sphere and the surface for water and 2,6-lutidine are identical or opposite, we measure attractive and repulsive forces, respectively, that agree quantitatively with theoretical predictions and exhibit exquisite dependence on the temperature of the system. We expect that these features of critical Casimir forces may result in novel uses of colloids as model systems.     

虚光子初探

不可直接观测的光子被称为虚光子。在量子电动力学(QED)中,真空态是以能量21ω和动量21→k为标志的,并指出真空能会在一个吸引力(Casimir力)作用下使两个互相平行的导体板有靠近的趋势。在一般情况下,要了解虚光子必须先全面了解光子,但后者仍有许多问题有待解决,光的波粒二象性理论也有待研究和完善。零点能(ZPE)概念是经典物理与量子物理的重要区别之一,并不能否定;但在近年来的研究中,物理学家用光子作为振荡源的随机分布,或用标量场及场的Green函数径迹,可顺利完成对Casimir力的推导。虽然多年来人们援引Ca-simir效应作为量子场的ZPE是实际存在的迹象,但令人惊奇的是不用零点起伏(甚至不用真空)也能导出Casimir的结果,亦即ZPE不在计算中出现。换言之,对Casimir效应描述而言ZPE是启发性的辅助计算手段,但并非必要条件。这就留下了深层的疑问——ZPE为何缺乏真实存在的实验证据?消失态在电磁环境中是常见的,基本特点是场强随距离增大而指数地减小,并在传播方向上无相移。可以认为消失态具有虚的波矢量。已有若干研究工作显示,由QED表述的虚光子特性在一些消失模实验中被观察到。因而从物理意义上提出了...     

理想的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间的相互作用

运用热场动力学理论研究了一维情况下有限温度的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质问的相互作用,计算了系统的能量和杂质间的相互作用力,给出相互作用力与温度和杂质间距离的关系.研究结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中杂质所带来的物理效应,并为Casimir效应和玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的实验研究提供参考.     

填充比例因子对各向异性介质间Casimir力的影响

Casimir效应是一个可观测的宏观量子效应.研究了各向异性材料的填充比例因子f2对Casimir力大小和方向的影响.在f2=0.000 1时,由材料的介电常数和磁导率随着频率的变化曲线,得到Drude背景会对Ca-simir排斥力产生影响.在f2=0,0.000 1和0.001时,得到Casimir力的变化曲线,结果显示f2是抑制Casimir排斥力的.并且当f2很小时,Casimir力在较远距离处会重新回到吸引力,同时存在一个稳定的Casimir力平衡位置.     

表面粗糙度对微尺度火焰淬熄的影响

在对不锈钢片、铝片、单晶硅以及氧化锆板等材料表面上进行化学和物理的处理,形成不同的表面粗燥度.使用这些不同表面粗糙度的平板制作缝隙燃烧室壁面.在缝隙燃烧器的两个平行板之间.使用预混甲烷/空气火焰进行燃烧实验,考察在微小空间里,表面粗糙度对火焰淬熄的影响.结果显示表面粗糙度的增加,火焰淬熄距离变小,有利于微尺度燃烧器的稳...     

Scale dependence of tensile strength of micromachined polysilicon MEMS structures due to microstructural and dimensional constraints

The success of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as a key technology in the 21st century depends in no small part on the solution of materials issues associated with the design and fabrication of complex MEMS devices. The reliable mechanical properties of these thin films are critical to the safety and functioning of these microdevices and should be accurately determined. In order to accomplish a reliable mechanical design of MEMS, a new microtensile test device using a magnetic-solenoid force actuator was developed to evaluate the mechanical properties of microfabricated polysilicon thin films with dimensions of 100—660 mm length, 20—200 mm width, and 2.4 mm thickness. It was found that the measured average value of Young抯 modulus, 164±1.2 GPa, falls within the theoretical bounds. The average fracture strength is 1.36 GPa with a standarddeviation of 0.14 GPa, and the Weibull modulus is 10.4—11.7, respectively. Statistical analysis of the specimen size effect on the tensile strength predicated the size effect on the length, the surface area and the volume of the specimens due tomicrostructural and dimensional constraints. The fracturestrength increases with the increase of the ratio of surfacearea to volume. In such cases the size effect can be tracedback to the ratio of surface area to volume as the governing parameter. The test data account for the uncertainties inmechanical properties and may be used in the future reliability design of polysilicon MEMS. The testing of 40specimens to failure results in a recommendation for design that the nominal strain be maintained below 0.0057.     

压缩真空中理想-玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间的相互作用

应用Riemann Zeta函数研究一维压缩真空中理想玻色\|爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间的Casimir效应, 计算了真空压缩态下系统的Casimir能量和杂质间的Casimir力, 并讨论了Casimir力和压缩系数与杂质间距离的关系.      

金属板与特异材料板间的Casimir力

研究金属板和特异材料间的Casimir力。金属板的电磁性质是由实验数据拟合得到,特异材料板的电磁性质则是用Drude-Lorentz模型来描述。通过改变两块材料板的相关参数,研究了Casimir吸引力、排斥力的变化及其相互转化。结果表明,随着两板间距的增加,两板间的Casimir力会经历引力-斥力-引力的转化。     

螺旋摆动液压缸间隙的优化设计

为获得螺旋摆动液压缸的润滑特性,在分析其结构和工作原理的基础上,设计7种不同径向间隙的螺旋副,使用Pro/E软件建立螺旋摆动液压缸内部流动油膜数学模型:利用Gambit 2.3.16进行结构化六面体/楔形网格划分后导入Fluent 6.3.26中,采用层流模型和SIMPLE算法,对不同径向间隙螺旋副内油膜三维流场和同一间隙不同偏心距下的螺旋流动特性进行模拟,得到螺旋副内部压力场以及承载力、刚度、最高温度、流量与间隙之间的关系.研究结果表明:螺旋副在径向间隙为0.10mm时性能最佳:为获得较大的承载性能,同一半径间隙,制造条件允许且能形成流体动压润滑条件下应选择较大的偏心距:当缸体和空心螺杆的表面粗糙度分别为3.2um和1.6μm,最小膜厚大于9μm时,能够形成良好的流体动力润滑.     

超材料的新应用:调控Casimir力

 随着微机电系统（MEMS）的微型化,由Casimir吸引力导致的器件黏附失效极大影响了MEMS的应用,如何减小Casimir吸引力甚至将其转化为斥力成为该领域的研究热点。本文综述Casimir力的物理起源、理论计算方法、材料电磁参数的影响规律及电磁超材料在Casimir力调控方面的应用等研究进展。     

表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金高温氧化行为的影响

表面粗糙度作为重要的参数,对合金高温氧化膜剥落有重要影响.为此,研究表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金氧化20 h内的氧化动力学及氧化膜剥落行为的影响.通过热重法绘制动力学曲线,可以看出2.5 μm砂纸磨痕的合金氧化速率明显低于90 μm砂纸磨痕的氧化速率.利用扫描电镜观察氧化膜表面形貌,显示粒状的氧化物在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成,而刻面状的氧化物在90 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面形成.XRD分析表面,在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成的氧化物为Cr2O3,在90 μm砂纸磨痕表面形成的氧化物为NiO.结果表明：平滑的Ni-20Cr合金表面有利于生成保护性的Cr2O3而不发生脱落,具有优良的抗氧化性能.     

石墨烯铝基复合材料超声辅助微铣削工艺研究

超声辅助微铣削作为一种新兴复合加工技术,在加工硬脆材料和复合材料中具有独特的优势.针对石墨烯铝基复合材料在工业应用中存在难加工、加工精度要求高、加工效率低等问题,本文以纯铝及石墨烯铝基复合材料为研究对象,对不同配比的石墨烯铝基复合材料进行了超声辅助微铣削实验.通过正交实验分析石墨烯含量、每齿进给量以及超声振幅对铣削力和加工表面粗糙度的影响,从而确定石墨烯铝基复合材料在超声辅助微铣削下的最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明,当每齿进给量为1 μm/z,超声振幅为3.05 μm时,石墨烯铝基复合材料的加工性能最优.      

有质量phantom场的Casimir效应

近年来,phantom场受到许多宇宙学学者的关注.研究了狄利克雷边界条件下有质量phantom场的Casimir效应,利用Abel-Plana公式,得出了狄利克雷边界条件下有质量phantom场的Casimir能量和Casimir力,表明phantom场的Ca-simir能量和Casimir力是分段均匀的,当质量趋近于零时,其结果回到无质量phantom场的情形.     

机电集成静电谐波微型传动系统的Casimir力和强迫响应

提出一种机电集成静电谐波微型传动系统。随着传动尺寸的减小,分子力的影响变大,应该予以考虑。本文给出了同时考虑静电力和Casimir力时机电集成静电谐波微型传动系统对于电压扰动的强迫响应方程。运用该方程,研究了Casimir力对系统强迫响应的影响规律。结果表明:Casimir力对于系统强迫响应具有重要影响,随着柔轮与定子间初始间隙的减小和电压的增大,Casimir力对系统强迫响应的影响变大。研究结果对于该种传动系统的进一步小型化具有指导意义。     

Coupling mechanism of multi-force interactions in the myosin molecular motor

The dynamics of the myosin molecular motor as it binds to actin filaments during muscle contraction are still not clearly understood. In this paper, we focus on the coupling mechanism of multi-force interactions in the myosin molecule during its interaction with actin. These forces include the electrostatic force, the van der Waals force and the Casimir force in molecular dynamic simulations of the molecules in solvent with thermal fluctuations. Based on the Hamaker approach, van der Waals and Casimir potentials and forces are calculated between myosin and actin. We have developed a Monte Carlo method to simulate the dynamic activity of the molecular motor. We have shown that because of the retardation effect, the van der Waals force falls into the Casimir force when the distance between the surfaces is larger than 3 nm. When the distance is smaller than 3 nm, the electrostatic force and the van der Waals force increase until the myosin becomes attached to the actin. Over the distances studied in the present work, the electrostatic force dominates the attractive interactions. Our calculations are in good agreement with recently reported experimental results.     

Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere

The oceanic asthenosphere is observed to have high electrical conductivity, which is highly anisotropic in some locations. In the directions parallel and normal to the plate motion, the conductivity is of the order of 10(-1) and 10(-2) S m(-1), respectively, which cannot be explained by the conductivity of anhydrous olivine. But because hydrogen can be incorporated in olivine at mantle pressures, this observation has been attributed to olivine hydration, which might cause anisotropically high conductivity by proton migration. To examine this hypothesis, here we report the effect of water on electrical conductivity and its anisotropy for hydrogen-doped and undoped olivine at 500-1,500 K and 3 GPa. The hydrous olivine has much higher conductivity and lower activation energy than anhydrous olivine in the investigated temperature range. Nevertheless, extrapolation of the experimental results suggests that conductivity of hydrous olivine at the top of the asthenosphere should be nearly isotropic and only of the order of 10(-2) S m(-1). Our data indicate that the hydration of olivine cannot account for the geophysical observations, which instead may be explained by the presence of partial melt elongated in the direction of plate motion.