改性蛋白鞣剂制备及表征

以铬革屑水解多肽、乙烯基单体为原料,应用乳液聚合的方法,在pH值为7～8,反应温度为60℃～80℃下制得改性蛋白鞣剂.鞣剂经丙酮沉淀分级后,应用FT-IR,13CNMR方法对鞣剂及丙酮沉淀分级产物进行表征.结果表明,鞣剂分子中存在乙烯基单体与铬革屑水解多肽的接枝共聚物,鞣剂经丙酮沉淀分级后接枝共聚物溶于丙酮溶液层.最后根据波谱分析结果得出鞣剂分子中存在分子结构片段.     

L-4型改性蛋白鞣剂的皮革复鞣性能研究

研究了胶原蛋白水解液与乙烯基类单体接枝共聚制备的L-4型改性蛋白鞣剂对皮革的复鞣填充性能.发现该鞣剂兼顾了胶原蛋白多肽链的柔软性和乙烯基类树脂的填充性,经其加工的皮革柔软性和增厚率有明显改善,这表明鞣剂分子能渗透到原胶原分子之间,撑开并分散胶原纤维.     

淀粉与乙烯基单体接枝共聚物的研究进展

淀粉与乙烯基单体接枝共聚物是一类性能优良、用途广泛的新型材料.简要介绍了淀粉接枝共聚物的结构和性质,详细介绍了其制备方法及用途,评述了各种制备方法的优缺点,指出选择合适的引发体系,采用化学引发合成淀粉接枝共聚物,并将其与矿物超细粉结合制备出性能优良的高吸水性树脂,是今后淀粉接技共聚物的生产和应用方向.     

聚丙烯酸酯/聚硅氧烷的分子设计与阻尼性能研究

以含乙烯基大分子硅单体与丙烯酸酯共聚,成功地制得了具有接枝结构的丙烯酸酯共聚乳液.该接枝共聚物的阻尼温域可跨越100 ℃,力学损耗因子(tan δ)最高可达到2.0.系统研究了大分子硅单体的用量、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量和丙烯酸酯单体的种类对共聚反应动力学的影响,并用动态力学谱表征了一系列共聚物的玻璃化转变.结果表明:甲基丙烯酸甲酯的引入对聚合转化率及稳定性有很大的影响;大分子硅单体的加入大大改善了丙烯酸酯共聚物的低温阻尼性能,而引发剂用量对共聚物的阻尼性能影响较小.     

改性胶原蛋白施胶剂的制备及其施胶性能研究

以胶原蛋白为基材,丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和乙酸乙烯酯(VA)为接枝单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法对胶原蛋白进行改性制备施胶剂。通过单因素实验优化出其较优的制备条件:MA与VA的质量比为1∶2,胶原蛋白与单体的质量比为1∶2,APS用量是单体总质量的0.8%,反应时间为2 h。采用红外光谱仪和激光粒度仪对产物进行了表征,结果表明:胶原蛋白与乙烯基单体之间发生了接枝反应,得到的施胶剂乳液平均粒径为0.117μm,分布均匀。将该产物应用于纸张表面施胶后,发现与未施胶纸张相比,其抗张强度是原纸的3倍,抗撕裂强度是原纸的1.9倍,且耐水性能得到了明显改善。     

两亲性星状共聚物的合成、表征和性能

以对氯甲基苯乙烯为引发单体和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮为接枝单体,连续两次运用原子转移自由基聚合,制备了以对氯甲基苯乙烯超支化聚合物(PCMS)为核,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为臂的星状接枝共聚物(PCMS-g-PVP).用红外光谱(IR),核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等手段表征了其结构.这种星状共聚物在水中不溶,但可溶于碱水溶液,加热可熔融,因此有望作为非交联型高吸水性树脂应用.同时研究了树脂的吸水率和吸液率与共聚物中聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮链节数的关系.     

PLA大分子单体与NVP接枝共聚物的初步研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为共引发剂引发消旋-丙交酯(D,L-LA)开环聚合,制备了末端双键功能化的聚乳酸大分子单体(PLA-HEMA);在此基础上,考察了大分子单体与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)的溶液自由基共聚合反应,并初步研究了共聚单体摩尔比和PLA支链长度对合成的两亲性接枝共聚物性能的影响.结果表明,随大分子单体投料量和PLA支链长度增大,共聚物膜的拉伸强度和模量增大,而亲水性有所下降.     

水性环氧接枝苯丙共聚物的研究

研究了苯丙多元接枝水性环氧共聚物的制法．讨论了以环氧树脂为母体,甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及苯乙烯为接枝单体的自由基接枝聚合．结果表明：当接枝温度为90～95℃,甲基丙烯酸含量为22％(占总单体质量分数),中和度为110％时,所得环氧树脂一苯丙单体接枝共聚物水分散稳定性最好．红外光谱分析证实接枝产物的存在;用透射电镜观察了接枝共聚物的水分散体的粒子形态及大小。     

乙烯基单体乳液接枝改性氯丁胶乳的制备及其机理

采用乳液聚合法,使用氧化还原引发剂,将乙烯基单体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯,即MMA和St)接枝到氯丁胶乳上,研究了乳化体系、引发体系、单体/聚合物质量比及单体组成、反应温度对单体转化率、接枝效率等的影响,并进一步分析了乳液接枝机理.结果表明,MMA和St接枝改性氯丁胶乳的最佳工艺条件为:聚合温度50℃,反应时间5.5h,引发剂叔丁基过氧化氢-四乙烯五胺占氯丁胶乳干重的0.5%,单体/聚合物质量比为3:5,MMA与St质量比为3:2,单体以滴加方式加入,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠用量占单体总重1.5%.在此条件下,单体转化率可达99.6%,接枝效率为54.9%.红外光谱和凝胶含量分析证明MMA和St接枝到氯丁胶乳主链上.该条件下合成的接枝共聚物乳液配制成的胶粘剂对PVC人造革、SBS橡胶、海绵等具有良好的粘接性能.接枝反应活性点在氯丁胶乳胶粒的表面,接枝过程是一个表面控制过程.     

Ce~(4+)引发丙烯酸甲酯与玉米淀粉接枝共聚反应的研究

近二十年来,乙烯基类单体与各类淀粉接枝共聚反应规律、产物性能以及开发应用的研究,在国外文献中已有不少报导,但在所选择的单体中,丙烯腈应用最多,而丙烯酸酯类单体与淀粉接枝共聚反应的研究报导甚少。Brockway等以及Goni等人研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯与淀粉的接枝共聚反应规律。Dennenberg等及Fanta等人简略地报导了丙烯酸甲酯在Ce~(4+)离子的引发作用下,与淀粉的接枝共聚反应,前者还报导     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.