快速凝固Al-Fe-Ce合金的相变与性能研究

采用相成分分析(X射线衍射)、组织观察(透射电子显微镜)和力学性能检测(显微硬度)等结合的方法,对单辊旋铸法制备的快速凝固Al-6.87Fe-3.95Ce合金薄带的急冷态和退火态进行相变与热稳定性能的分析.亚稳相Al₁₀Fe₂Ce和平衡相Al₁₃Fe₃Ce的晶格参数以及晶格结构已被确定.棒状的亚稳相Al₂₀Fe₅Ce也在TEM中被观察到.稳定相Al₁₃Fe₃Ce是亚稳相Al₁₀Fe₂Ce和Al₂₀Fe₅Ce经过热处理后不完全转变而形成.结果表明:在退火处理过程中,随着温度的升高,有明显的析出相出现,并且出现了长大趋势;显微硬度也随退火温度变化而变化,在340℃出现最高峰值,说明该合金在340℃能保持较好的热稳定性.     

静态再结晶处理对Co36Fe36Cr18Ni8Ti2合金力学性能与耐腐蚀性的影响

对冷变形后的Co₃₆Fe₃₆Cr₁₈Ni₈Ti₂合金在700 ℃和800 ℃下再结晶退火，制备成具有高强度及良好耐蚀性的多主元合金。采用电子背散射衍射（electron back-scattered diffraction, EBSD）表征了合金的相分布、再结晶组织以及晶界分布等微观结构特征，采用静态拉伸试验测试了合金的力学性能。结果表明，700 ℃退火的合金断后伸长率较低，但其抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到了1 038和956 MPa。采用电化学工作站与扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）表征了合金在模拟体液中的耐蚀性。结果表明，700 ℃退火的样品具有较好的耐蚀性，腐蚀后的样品表面较为均匀。结合力学性能可知，700 ℃退火的样品具有作为新型医用金属材料的潜力。     

Fe-Al微叠层复合材料的制备及界面表征

将多层纯铁和纯铝薄板交替叠放,采用“热轧复合—冷轧减薄—合金化热处理”工艺流程制备了Fe-Al金属/金属间化合物微叠层复合材料(Fe-Al MIL),研究了合金化温度对该复合材料微观组织、相组成、相变及力学性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的Fe-Al微叠复合材料Fe/Al界面结合状态良好;随合金化温度的升高,化合物层厚度随之增加,当温度低于Fe-Al固-半固态反应温度655℃时,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl是化合物层的主要物相,而高于655℃时,则会在化合物层和Fe金属界面处出现少量交替分布的FeAl₃和Fe₃Al;DSC曲线上呈现出~559,~571和~667℃三个放热峰,分别代表FeAl₃,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl的相转变;固-固和固-液合金化后得到的Fe-Al MIL力学性能较差,均易发生分层断裂现象,而固-半固态合金化热处理后其力学性能最佳.     

镍基合金CMSX-4在3.5wt.% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究二代镍基合金CMSX-4在质量分数为3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,对该类合金在海洋性环境条件下的应用具有深远意义。通过动电位极化方法研究室温条件下镍基合金CMSX-4在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对合金表面阳极腐蚀产物进行微观形貌观察及成分分析。研究表明,CMSX-4合金具有一定的钝化能力,钝化区间比较宽广;在镍基合金CMSX-4表面上形成的腐蚀产物可大致分为两层,表层主要由Ni （OH）₂、Cr （OH）₃、Co （OH）₂和Al （OH）₃等氢氧化物组成,内层主要分布着NiO、Al₂O₃、CoO、Cr₂O₃和CrO₃等氧化物及组成合金基体的各种金属;由Ni （OH）₂和Cr （OH）₃等氢氧化物组成的腐蚀产物膜外层能够在腐蚀介质和金属之间产生较好的屏蔽效果;构成腐蚀产物膜内层的NiO、Al₂O₃、Cr₂O₃和CrO₃等氧化物有利于产物膜内层与外层之间建立一定的空间电荷区,对稳定腐蚀产物内层有很大帮助。研究表明CMSX-4合金在海洋性环境中具有一定的耐蚀性能。     

Al涂层/AZ91镁合金复合铸造界面的研究

对型芯预喷涂一层Al涂层,将AZ91镁合金液浇注到铸型中实现基体和涂层的结合,对凝固后的结合界面组织和相组成进行分析。结果表明,AZ91镁合金液和Al涂层表面的氧化物发生反应,实现了界面间的润湿,形成冶金结合界面。该界面包含3个扩散层:镁合金基体一侧为(Al₁₂Mg₁₇+δ_Mg)共晶组织;中间层为Al₁₂Mg₁₇金属间化合物;Al涂层一侧为Al₃Mg₂金属间化合物,并弥散分布着一些氧化物。试验结果证明,通过复合铸造的方法可以实现Al涂层和镁合金基体的冶金结合。     

Y2Fe17-xCrx的结构和居里温度

利用准第一原理原子间相互作用势对Y₂Fe_17-xCr_x的结构进行了原子级模拟. 并研究了Cr原子在Y₂Fe₁₇结构中的择优占位行为, 结果表明Cr原子择优占据4f,12j晶位. 在Cr原子择优代位的基础上, 详细计算了Y₂Fe_17-xCr_x的晶体结构, 原子晶位和晶格常数, 这些都与实验结果吻合很好. 进一步计算了弛豫结构的态密度, 并利用自旋波理论对居里温度的先升后降的行为进行定性解释. 上述结果表明了第一原理原子间相互作用势在研究此类化合物的有效性.     

CoFe2O4-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝（CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃）复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析. 利用制备的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）来降解废水溶液中的日落黄（SY）,通过研究CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料制备过程中Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的最佳物质的量之比为1:2:12,最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h. 对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响. 结果表明：在pH=7,温度为55 ℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%. 同时,碳酸氢根负离子（HCO₃^-）和硝酸根负离子（NO₃^-）的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^-则能促进日落黄的降解. 此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.     

基于混合导电功能层的燃料电池研究

采用二次固相法合成具有层状结构的电子导电材料-LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O_2-δ（LNCA）,并将其与离子导电材料Sm掺杂CeO₂复合,获得具有电子-离子混合导电性的复合材料.并以此为功能层,构造了无电解质隔膜层燃料电池（Electrolyte Free Manbrane Fuel Cell,EFFC）.研究了功能层的厚度以及电子-离子导电材料的比例对电池性能的影响,并阐述了影响机制.该电池在550℃下获得了937 mW·cm^-2的功率输出,且具备在更低温度下操作的可行性.     

新疆焉耆盆地侏罗系煤层地球化学特征和古环境意义

焉耆盆地中生界为含煤碎屑岩沉积组合，粗碎屑和煤层发育是侏罗纪沉积的基本特征，其岩石类型主要为砂砾岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤．文中通过对焉耆盆地侏罗系煤层中矿物、微量元素和稀土元素的研究，分析了煤层形成过程中地球化学特征．研究结果表明，煤中灰分、硫的含量较低，而磷含量相对较高，Al₂O₃／SiO₂比值较高和（Al₂O₃＋SiO_2）／（Fe₂O₃+CaO+MgO）比值接近1等特征表明，煤层形成于相对较深水的沼泽环境，这种形成于相对覆水较深沼泽环境的煤层为后期演化过程中烃类的生成提高了有利条件．     

Al-Cu-Mn合金铸锭均匀化工艺及组织性能分析

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、电导率等检测手段,对铸态和均匀化态的2219合金微观组织、第二相分布及电导率进行研究分析。结果表明,2219合金铸态组织存在着枝晶偏析,在晶界上聚集大量的Al₂Cu相,并有长条状的脆性相Al₇Cu₂（Fe、Mn）穿插在晶界上。经525 ℃均匀化处理22 h后,晶界上Al₂Cu相回溶到基体中,枝晶网络被破坏,枝晶偏析消除,Cu元素从晶界到晶内的分布趋于平稳;处于亚稳态的溶质原子从过饱和固溶体中析出,在晶内呈细小、弥散地分布,基体溶质原子固溶度降低,电子散射作用减弱,电导率提高10 %IACS。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.