Fe-Al金属间化合物基叠层复合材料的界面表征及生长动力学研究

将SUS441不锈钢薄板和1060纯铝薄板交替叠放后，经“轧制复合—合金化退火”工艺制得 Fe-Al金属间化合物基叠层（Fe-Al metal-intermetallic-laminate，Fe-Al MIL）复合材料。采用光学显微镜（optical microscope, OM）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）、X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer, XRD）等设备测试了不同热处理制度下Fe-Al MIL复合材料的界面微观组织形貌、物相组成及化合物生长行为。结果表明：在640 ℃退火时，均匀层的主要物相为Fe₂Al₅，且有原子分数为5%～6%的Cr固溶于该均匀层；在高于640 ℃退火时，除由Fe₂Al₅相组成的均匀层之外，化合物层还出现了明显的由Fe₄Al₁₃相和Cr₂Al₁₃相组成的两相层，且两相层交界处有Al_5.50Cr_1.95Fe_2.55相析出；金属间化合物的厚度随退火温度的升高及时间的延长而增加，Fe₂Al₅相的生长规律满足抛物线法则，其生长激活能为192.28 kJ/mol。     

Cu-Al异种材料的感应加热焊接及其工艺研究

利用感应加热原理,使用功率为0~60 kW且连续可调的高频感应加热设备,完成Cu-Al合金板材的焊接,研究焊接件的界面形貌、元素分布及界面物相分析.分析加热电流和加热时间对界面形貌和结合强度的影响.采用ZWICK-Z050电子万能材料试验机测试界面结合强度,采用扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜观察界面形貌,用X射线衍射仪进行物相分析.结果表明：界面中间化合物主要为Al₂Cu,Cu₉Al₄和CuAl相,其中Cu侧主要是Cu₉Al₄和CuAl相,Al侧主要是Al₂Cu相;随着加热电流的增大或加热时间的延长,Cu-Al界面结合层由不平整变为平整,且宽度逐渐增大,同时Cu-Al界面结合强度先增大后减小.感应加热焊接试样界面结合强度可达53 MPa,结合良好.     

陶瓷涂层/GH202合金界面显微组织的演化

航天发动机工作时,要求燃气通道内表面具有优越的抗高温、抗氧化性能和良好的机械性能.作者在GH202合金制备的火箭发动机关键零件表面加涂高温无机涂层,并通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析及硬度测试,观察和分析了涂层/GH202合金界面显微组织的演化.研究结果表明GH202合金表面高温无机涂层经历了1000℃25℃的50次热循环后,涂层无崩裂、脱落现象,涂层与基体结合牢固,性能良好.在1000℃时的扩散退火过程中,合金中的Cr元素向涂层/基体合金界面扩散,在涂层一侧形成富Cr元素的化合物层,在基体一侧形成富Ti,Al元素的晶间氧化物层;涂层中主要元素Si向金属基体中扩散.为提高涂层与基体合金的结合强度以及涂层的热腐蚀性能提供了依据.     

真空度对消失模铸造表面陶瓷层形成过程影响

研究了消失模镁合金表面陶瓷层的制备工艺,选用AZ91D作为基体合金,低熔点的玻璃粉作为陶瓷化材料,分析了真空度对表面陶瓷层微观形貌的影响和陶瓷层与基体之间结合界面的状况.结果表明:在其他参数固定的条件下,真空度的大小对涂层和界面结合质量影响很大;当真空度从-0.02MPa变化到-0.06MPa时,基体表面形成的陶瓷涂层变得更加致密、均匀,当真空度为-0.08MPa时,涂层和基体的界面变得凹凸不平.通过对铸件表面消失模涂料以及在浇注过程中泡沫模样状态的分析,建立了消失模镁合金表面陶瓷涂层形成过程模型.     

采用开尔文扫描探针技术研究镁合金偶接铜合金的电偶腐蚀规律

采用开尔文探针技术(SKP)测量AZ91D镁合金与H62铜合金偶接试样在盐雾加速实验中的电偶腐蚀规律. 研究表明:AZ91D镁合金的电偶腐蚀效应受到阳极与阴极的电位差的影响,AZ91D镁合金与H62铜合金偶接试样之间的伏打电位差约为-1.22V, AZ91D镁合金存在显著的电偶腐蚀效应. 由于存在较大的伏打电位差,在盐雾实验初始阶段,电偶腐蚀主要发生在偶接界面AZ91D镁合金一侧附近区域,而H62黄铜没有发生明显腐蚀. 由于AZ91D镁合金在盐雾中生成的腐蚀产物对基体具有一定的保护作用, AZ91D镁合金表面腐蚀产物与基体间存在显著的伏打电位差,导致AZ91D镁合金基体形成新的腐蚀产物. 因此,随着盐雾实验时间延长,AZ91D镁合金电偶腐蚀效应降低,H62铜合金腐蚀加快.     

铸造1060/AZ31包铝镁合金界面结构与显微组织

为探索和改善轧制包铝镁合金板的界面结合状况,用气体保护铸造法制备了1060铝板包覆AZ31镁合金铸锭．借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了复合铸锭芯材及界面的显微组织和相结构,并进行了硬度测试．发现AZ31镁合金芯材组织由α-Mg基体以及沿晶界分布的不连续网状α-Mg＋p＋Mg17A112共晶体组成,是一种典型的铸造离异共晶组织．铸造包铝镁合金锭界面形成扩散溶解层,扩散溶解层由α-Mg固溶体层、共晶层（α-Mg＋β＋Mg17A112）、β-Mg17A112及A1Mg化合物层组成,形成具有多层结构的冶金结合界面．提出了浇注AZ31熔体的瞬间在1060铝板表面形成“熔池”并快速凝固的界面形成机制．     

镁合金焊丝成分对镁钢异种金属CMT焊接性的影响

采用CMT冷金属过渡焊对异种金属AZ31B镁合金板和HDG60镀锌钢板进行焊接,试验中采用AZ92、AZ61、MnE21镁合金焊丝.结果表明:在合适的工艺参数下,3种焊丝都能形成较好的焊缝,但AZ92、AZ61焊丝的焊接窗口比较宽,而MnE21焊丝的焊接窗口极窄,并且焊缝处有明显的裂纹.接头的界面组织分析表明,焊接接头被分成焊缝区、中间结合区、熔合区.通过X射线衍射分析得出,当采用AZ92、AZ61镁合金焊丝时,焊接结合面主要有Mg的固溶体,还有MgFeAlO4、Mg2Zn11、Al12Mg17等化合物;采用MnE21镁合金焊丝时,焊接结合面主要有Mg固溶体,还有Mg32Al49、Al12Mg17化合物.在拉伸试验中,采用相同规格的拉伸试样,使用AZ61焊丝的接头拉剪力可达镁母材的87.5%.而采用其他2种焊丝时拉剪力较小.由此可见,AZ61焊丝更适合焊接镁钢异种金属.     

等离子喷涂NiCrAl/ZrO2过渡层对FeCrAl/γ-Al2O3结合性能的影响

为改善催化剂中 γ-Al2 O3 分散层与 Fe Cr Al基体的结合力 ,采用等离子喷涂技术在合金表面制备了 Ni Cr Al/Zr O2 混合涂层作为过渡层。利用 X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和电子探针仪 ,研究了 10 73 K氧化后过渡层的变化 ,并考察了超声振动和热冲击后涂层的剥落情况。结果表明 ,过渡层表面相主要是 Ni和 Zr O2 ;内部组织包括喷涂材料层、氧化物夹杂、孔洞及未熔融颗粒 ;与基体为冶金结合。随着高温氧化时间增加 ,过渡层表面 Ni O晶粒增多并长大 ;内部发生了合金元素互扩散 ;界面处 Ni,Al含量明显增加。这种表面预处理形成了粗糙多孔的过渡层 ,提高了氧化铝分散层与金属基体的粘结力 ,并缓解了界面处的热应力     

镁合金表面氩弧熔覆Al-Si基SiC复合涂层组织及耐磨性

采用氩弧熔覆方法作为镁合金材料表面强化,是一项全新技术,在AZ31B镁合金基体表面制备10%Si C粉末+Al-Si合金粉末的复合涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析涂层的物相组成和显微组织;利用显微维氏硬度计和干滑动摩擦磨损实验机测试复合涂层在室温下的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层与基体界面具有良好的结合,无气孔、夹杂、裂纹等缺陷;熔覆层主要由Mg2Si、Mg2C3、Mg17Al12、Al3.21Si0.47等物相组成;熔覆层内部主要由黑色块状组织组成,尺寸为2~5μm;由于在氩弧熔覆过程中生成了新的物相使得涂层的显微硬度提高,涂层平均硬度可达2.5 GPa,是AZ31镁合金基体的4倍;基体的平均摩擦系数约为0.7,10%Si C氩弧熔覆层摩擦系数约为0.57,摩擦系数明显降低;熔覆涂层的相对耐磨性较基体提高近5倍。     

镍基合金CMSX-4在3.5wt.% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究二代镍基合金CMSX-4在质量分数为3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,对该类合金在海洋性环境条件下的应用具有深远意义。通过动电位极化方法研究室温条件下镍基合金CMSX-4在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对合金表面阳极腐蚀产物进行微观形貌观察及成分分析。研究表明,CMSX-4合金具有一定的钝化能力,钝化区间比较宽广;在镍基合金CMSX-4表面上形成的腐蚀产物可大致分为两层,表层主要由Ni （OH）₂、Cr （OH）₃、Co （OH）₂和Al （OH）₃等氢氧化物组成,内层主要分布着NiO、Al₂O₃、CoO、Cr₂O₃和CrO₃等氧化物及组成合金基体的各种金属;由Ni （OH）₂和Cr （OH）₃等氢氧化物组成的腐蚀产物膜外层能够在腐蚀介质和金属之间产生较好的屏蔽效果;构成腐蚀产物膜内层的NiO、Al₂O₃、Cr₂O₃和CrO₃等氧化物有利于产物膜内层与外层之间建立一定的空间电荷区,对稳定腐蚀产物内层有很大帮助。研究表明CMSX-4合金在海洋性环境中具有一定的耐蚀性能。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to