小鼠无鱼粉日粮的进一步研究

在无鱼粉日粮基础上 ,添加复合维生素、复合微量元素、限制性氨基酸组成的全价饲料饲喂小鼠 ,其小鼠的生长发育和繁殖性能都有所提高 ,表明复合添加剂提高了无鱼粉日粮的质量 ,豆粕—血肉骨粉—复合添加剂型饲料可以有效地用于饲喂繁殖生产小鼠     

豆粕替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长和消化酶活性的影响

用豆粕替代鱼粉作为收白源制成５种近似等比能（１５．５－１８．２ｋＪ．ｇ＾－１）、等蛋白含量的饲料,其中用豆粕蛋白分别替代鱼粉蛋白质量的２５％,５０％,７５％,和１００％,对照饲料全部以鱼粉作为蛋白源。     

水解羽毛粉替代进口鱼粉饲养肉鸡和生长肥育猪试验

4000只21—63日龄肉鸡和32头20—50kg生长肥育猪生长试验表明,用水解羽毛粉替代肉鸡日粮中50％、75％的秘鲁鱼粉时,鸡的生长速度和饲料报酬不变;用水解羽毛粉替代生长肥育猪日粮中50％、75％、100％的秘鲁鱼粉时,猪的生长速度和饲料报酬亦不变。用水解羽毛粉替代秘鲁鱼粉生产肉鸡和生长肥育猪日粮,每吨可降低费用60元,同时应适当添加赖氨酸和蛋氨酸。     

饵料、温度对唇鲳生长影响的初步研究

进行不同饵料、温度对唇鲋生长影响的初步试验。饵料实验设计为2组饲料（鱼粉组和豆粕组），每组粗蛋白含量为4个梯度33％、36％、39％和42％，分别使用鱼粉和豆粕来调节。结果显示，经40d不同饲料的投喂后，体重增长有了显著性的差异（P〈0.05），表现为随着饲料中鱼粉、豆粕比例的增多，粗蛋白含量增高，其终末体重、特定生长率和日增重都有依次增大的趋势，相对应的饲料系数依次降低。对比投喂相近粗蛋白饲料鱼粉组和豆粕组的增重效果，鱼粉组优于豆粕组饲料（P〈0．05）。配制唇鲋的人工饲料，应以添加动物性蛋白源为主，粗蛋白质含量应达到42％以上。水温实验设计为4个梯度16℃、20℃、24℃和28℃，经56d在不同温度条件的饲养后，体重增长有了显著性的差异（P〈0．05），表现为终末体重、特定生长率和日增重，24℃时最大，16℃时最小。相对应的饲料系数，24℃时最小，16℃时最大。综合比较分析，24℃水温的养殖效果较好，其它依次为28℃、20℃和16℃。     

长毛对虾饲料的适宜蛋白质含量

比较了5种常用的对虾蛋白质源饲料和长毛对虾的蛋白质和氨基酸组成,测定对虾对这些饲料的消化率。结果表明:长毛对虾对大豆饼粉、花生饼粉、脱脂秘鲁鱼粉、秘鲁鱼粉和小杂鱼粉的消化率均达到82％以上。5种原料中多数氨基酸的含量高于对虾肌肉中相应氨基酸的含量;但lys、Met、Arg、Ile、Leu 和His等6种必需氨基酸远不及虾体中的含量。以不同比例的秘鲁鱼粉、大豆饼粉、玉米粉和麦麸配制成 5种配合饲料,测定其营养成分以及长毛对虾摄食这 5种配合饲料后的生长率,结果表明:以秘鲁鱼粉为主要蛋白源、蛋白质含量40～45％的饲料,可以较好地满足长毛对虾正常生长的需要,其生长率最高。     

复合蛋白CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、表观消化率和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合蛋白CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料消化率以及抗氧化能力的影响,本试验设计了3种等氮等脂的饲料,其中:一组饲料含有25%(质量分数)鱼粉,记为基础组(D_1);另两组用CM2等蛋白替代基础饲料中部分鱼粉,使饲料鱼粉的质量分数分别为20%和15%,分别记做D2和D3组。以这3种饲料投喂初始体重为(0.65±0.05)g的凡纳滨对虾,进行为期70 d的生长试验。结果表明:CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的成活率和生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),对虾体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分无显著差异(P0.05);D2组饲料干物质、能量和磷表观消化率显著高于D1和D3组(P0.05);D1组蛋白质消化率最低,显著低于其他两组(P0.05),各组对虾血清的碱性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力均无显著差异(P0.05),但D2组对虾血清的过氧化物酶的酶活力显著高于D1和D3组(P0.05);肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶的酶活力和丙二醛含量在各试验组间均未见显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,复合蛋白CM2替代5%~10%(质量分数)的鱼粉,对凡纳滨对虾的摄食、生长和体组成无影响,并可提高饲料的表观消化率,且对凡纳滨对虾的非特异免疫、抗氧化指标和肠道炎症因子基因表达无显著影响。     

鱼禽草综合养殖的技术设计与模拟试验

本文在调查研究浙江池塘综合养鱼现况的基础上,提出了鱼禽草综合养殖的设计,并在湖州市长超乡漾东渔场进行了模拟试验,实践证明,鱼塘实行鱼禽草综合养殖,不仅可以扩大和开辟新的饲料来源,大大降低成鱼的生产成本,而且还进一步提高了鱼塘的生产效益和经济效益。本文现就试验情况报告如下。     

鱼类饲料配方及制作

在约300种养殖鱼类中,仅50种有营养学数据,不到10 种有完全的营养学数据.在饲料蛋白源中,鱼粉是鲑鳟鱼类饲料的主要蛋白源,蛋白质含量为60%～80 %.肉骨粉一般蛋白质含量为50 %左右,赖氨酸含量较鱼粉低.肉骨粉灰分含量可到30 %,限制了其在鱼类饲料中的应用.一般在鲑鳟鱼类饲料中用量不超过10 %,温水性鱼类饲料中用量不超过15 %.血粉蛋白质含量为80 %～86 %,是很好的赖氨酸来源,但缺乏蛋氨酸.血粉的适口性较差,在鲑鳟饲料中用量不超过10 %,温水性鱼类饲料中不超过5 %.肉骨-血粉混合物的营养成分与鱼粉接近,可完全替代沟鲶饲料中的鱼粉.鸡肉粉蛋白质含量为60 %～70 %,可替代鲑鳟饲料中10 %的鱼粉及温水性鱼类饲料中50 %的蛋白质.水解羽毛粉蛋白质含量约为85 %,但消化率较低.可替代鲑鳟及温水性鱼类饲料中10 %的蛋白质.鸡肉粉-羽毛粉混合物可替代虹鳟饲料中50 %的鱼粉.豆粕可替代虹鳟饲料中50 %的鱼粉蛋白,是温水性鱼类饲料的主要蛋白源.豆粕中存在一些抗营养因子.一般豆油提取过程可以分解大部分抗营养因子.一些报道表明进一步热处理可以提高豆粕的营养价值.经过热处理的全脂豆粉,如果添加蛋氨酸及赖氨酸,可以替代虹鳟及鲤鱼饲料中50 %～75 %的鱼粉.棉粕对鱼的适口性好,但缺少赖氨酸.除非添加赖氨酸,棉粕在温水性鱼类饲料中用量不应超过30 %.花生粕适口性好,但缺少赖氨酸.添加量超过20 %时,需添加赖氨酸.葵花子粕赖氨酸含量较低,可替代虹鳟饲料中40%的鱼粉及温水性鱼类饲料中20 %的鱼粉.低毒菜粕可替代虹鳟饲料中66 %的鱼粉.添加增味剂后,去植酸菜籽蛋白浓缩物可完全替代虹鳟饲料中的鱼粉.玉米面筋含42 %～60 %的蛋白质,添加水平在虹鳟饲料可达20 %,鲤鱼饲料可达10 %.酒精业副产物含27 %蛋白质,适口性好但赖氨酸含量低,添加水平在虹鳟饲料可达10 %,温水性鱼类饲料可达30 %.非营养因子也会影响到饲料制作.如制作膨化饲料需至少25 %的谷类原料.棉粕含量过高会减缓挤压速度.非营养性添加剂包括黏合剂、类胡萝卜素、鱼药、激素、抗微生物及真菌制剂、抗氧化剂、增味剂,但不应在饲料中添加纤维素,其含量应尽量降低.饲料制作工艺包括蒸汽制粒及挤压.挤压可制作浮性、沉性及缓沉性饲料,并能提高消化率,但会分解一些维生素.     

Y—11饲料酵母的营养价值及应用

本文报道了Y-11饲料酵母的营养成份以及替代进口鱼粉喂鸡、鹌鹑、鱼等的试验结果。Y-11饲料酵母含有60％左右的蛋白质,各种氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富,并含有脂肪和丰富的维生素、酶类以及钙、磷和铁、锰、铜、锌、镁等微量元素,具有很高的营养价值。在饲(饵)料中以Y-11饲料酵母替代进口鱼粉饲喂鸡、鱼等,结果优于或相当于进口鱼粉,具有明显的经济效益和广阔的应用前景。     

俄罗斯鲟配合饲料蛋白质最适水平的研究

研究了配合饲料中不同蛋白质水平对俄罗斯鲟（Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt）生长的影响，实验共设5组，其蛋白质水平分别为：34．26％、36．54％、39．25％、42．34％、45．03％．在水温12-24℃（平均水温19．5℃）条件下经过60d的饲养实验，结果得出，在蛋白质水平为39．25％的配合饲料组中，俄罗斯鲟的相对增重率为71.42％、体长相对增长率为19．22％、饵料系数为1．74等指标均为本次实验组中最佳．经回归方程计算分析，俄罗斯鲟成鱼养殖所用的人工配合饲料中最适蛋白质水平应为38％-41％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.