增强UV-B辐射对水稻叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨UV-B辐射对水稻光合作用的影响,本研究采用增强紫外线-B(UV-B,16 kJ/m2·d和40kJ/m2·d)辐照"两优培九"水稻幼苗,测定叶片的叶绿素含量、Ca/Cb以及反映植物光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的荧光参数值,分析UV-B处理后水稻叶片中的叶绿素含量、Ca/Cb及荧光参数值变化情况以及对水稻叶绿体荧光参数及光合作用的影响.结果表明,经UV-B处理后,水稻叶片中的叶绿素含量、Ca/Cb及荧光参数值(除qN以外)低于对照组(CK),差异显著(P0.05).其中荧光参数Fv/Fm(PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量)是对环境胁迫反映最为敏感的一个指标.低剂量UV-B处理组原初光能转化指标差异不显著,高剂量UV-B处理组原初光能转化指标差异显著.说明高剂量的UV-B导致了水稻荧光特性减弱,光合作用受损.     

不同强度UV-B辐射胁迫对蚕豆幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

采用人工增强UV-B辐射的方法,研究了蚕豆幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性对不同强度UV-B辐射的响应.结果表明:不同强度UV-B辐射使幼苗植株矮化达50%以上,叶面积减小,干物质量减少23.3%～61.49%;可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量均显著降低;叶绿素含量下降,其中叶绿素a降低幅度比叶绿素b大;0.25W/m2的UV-B辐射使蚕豆幼苗叶片的Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、φPSⅡ、qP等荧光参数值显著下降.根据结果推测,增加不同强度UV-B辐射首先导致幼苗叶绿素含量减少,可溶性蛋白含量减少,进而降低PSⅡ反应中心活性,最终导致光合作用能力下降,减少了干物质的合成和积累.在本试验强度范围内,辐射强度为0.25W/m2时,其抑制作用最显著.幼苗植株的矮化及叶面积的减小是植物对增强UV-B辐射的一种适应方式.     

稻瘟病菌对水稻PS Ⅱ的影响研究

采用在分蘖期接种稻瘟病菌,研究稻瘟病菌不同生理小种对水稻叶片光合色素和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明水稻接种稻瘟病菌孢子后,叶片出现不同程度发病,光合色素含量下降,叶片的Fv/Fm,Fv/F0,F′v/F′m,ΦPS Ⅱ,qP,qN,ETR和α较对照均显著降低.不同水稻品种对稻瘟病菌的敏感程度不同,R725接种ZA5后,叶片细胞结构遭到破坏,光合色素含量大幅下降,叶瘟发生最重;R720接种ZC8后发病最重,叶绿素a(Chla)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量大幅下降,Fv/F0和ΦPS Ⅱ等叶绿素荧光参数也显著低于对照;R727接种ZG1后发病最重,光合色素显著下降,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm,qP,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qN和α也显著低于对照.     

UV-B辐射对雨生红球藻生理特性的影响

研究了UV-B辐射对红球藻生长的影响.在培养的前8 d,藻细胞干质量、叶绿素a含量均升高,9 d之后均呈下降趋势.伴随辐射强度的增强,藻细胞叶绿素Fv/Fm值及细胞放氧速率下降,类胡萝卜素含量增加.     

水杨酸对温度胁迫下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以紫御谷为材料,研究了水杨酸对温度胁迫(高温和低温)下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,结果表明:①高温和低温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷幼苗的根冠比、根系活力、总根长和平均根直径,使根系生长受到抑制,而水杨酸处理则提高了其根冠比、根鲜物质量、茎鲜物质量和根系活力;②高温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷叶片的叶绿素a、总叶绿素质量分数和净光合速率,而水杨酸处理显著提高了紫御谷叶片的净光合速率.低温胁迫使紫御谷幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著低于常温对照,而水杨酸处理后,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均有所升高.③高温胁迫下,紫御谷幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)、光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光下PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)与常温对照相比差异不显著,而低温胁迫下的Fv/F和ΦPSⅡ则显著低于常温对照,喷施水杨酸后Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ均低于低温处理组,且Fv/Fm差异显著,由此推断低温胁迫可能使PSⅡ反应中心受到不可逆的损害.     

铝胁迫对常绿杨叶绿素荧光和叶绿体超微结构的影响

选取常绿杨(Populus×euramericanacv.A-61/186)为试验材料,研究铝胁迫对带绿杨叶绿体荧光特性和超微结构的影响.结果表明铝胁迫对常绿杨叶片的超微结构产生明显伤害,会显著抑制叶片的光合性能,且随着胁迫浓度的加重和时间的延长而加重.0.370mmol/L铝胁迫60d后,光系统II最大光化学效率Fv/Fm降低,初始荧光F0和非光化学猝灭系数NPQ显著上升;叶绿体膜肿胀隆起,叶绿体内淀粉粒消失,叶绿体内基粒片层和基质片层间隙明显,片层弯曲呈蓬松排列.0.222mmol/L铝胁迫90d致使叶绿体内淀粉粒消失;Fv/Fm值显著低于对照、F0和NPQ值显著高于对照;铝胁迫浓度大于0.370mmol/L时,叶绿体肿胀体积增大,叶绿体膜明显隆起,叶绿体内基粒片层和基质片层明显分离,呈扭曲蓬松.铝胁迫下常绿杨叶绿体膜及其片层和淀粉粒的结构变化与光合效率的下降趋势相一致,可作为杨树铝毒鉴定的细胞学参考.     

遮荫对望天树生长和生理生化特性的影响

为研究不同遮荫处理后对望天树生理特性及荧光的影响,设置4种遮荫(光照强度)组,即:透光率100%(CK),透光率75%(T1),透光率50%(T2),透光率25%(T3).结果表明:75%遮荫处理的望天树幼苗相对生长速率、可溶性糖和蔗糖质量分数均显著高于全光照及其他光照处理; 50%遮荫处理的望天树幼苗总叶绿素高于全光照及其他光照处理;比叶质量、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛质量分数则呈相反趋势,即随遮荫度的提高而下降;叶绿素荧光参数最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)和PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)随着遮荫程度的增加而增加,半饱和光强(IK)和电子传递速率(ETR)随着遮荫程度的增加而降低.根据望天树幼苗各项生理指标和荧光参数的变化趋势认为, 50%～75%的遮荫处理更适于望天树幼苗的生长,遮荫处理对望天树幼苗的生长有促进作用,光照过强或过弱均会抑制望天树幼苗的生长.     

水分胁迫对澳洲坚果叶绿素a荧光参数的影响

利用植物效能分析仪 ,研究水分胁迫对澳洲坚果叶绿素 a荧光动力学参数的影响 .结果表明 ,水分胁迫下澳洲坚果叶绿素 a荧光动力学参数中 ,可变荧光 (Fv)下降 ,光系统 (PS )原初光能转换效率 (Fv/ Fm)和 PS 的潜在活性 (Fv/ Fo)降低 .Fv,Fv/ Fm 和 Fv/ Fo在水分胁迫各处理的变化趋势为 N>L>M>CK,且不同品种间值的大小也存在一定差异 .随着水分胁迫强度的加剧 ,Fv,Fv/ Fm 和 Fv/ Fo值也明显变小 .     

旱涝快速转换对分蘖后期水稻生理特性的影响

采用测筒试验研究了水稻分蘖期旱涝快速转换前后的光合特性和生理活性.结果表明:旱涝快速转换后轻度淹涝处理,叶片的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Cs)得以逐渐恢复;重度淹涝叶片的Pn,Tr和Cs均显著低于对照,且随时间的推移呈下降趋势.旱后轻涝和旱后重涝处理的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素(CAR)的质量分数和叶绿素(a b)的质量分数均低于对照.旱涝快速转换后轻度淹涝处理丙二醛(MDA)的质量摩尔浓度与对照差异不显著,而重度淹涝处理则极显著高于对照.旱后轻涝处理有利于根系活力(TTC还原强度)的提高,表现出超补偿效应,而旱后重涝处理的根系活力则显著降低.     

CO2浓度倍增对元宝枫和刺槐光合特性的影响

在CO2浓度倍增条件下,研究了元宝枫和刺槐叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明:对元宝枫和刺槐培养60 d和90 d,其平均光合速率分别为对照的117.81%和106.11%。8月和9月两树种在CO2倍增条件下叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)较对照升高,最大荧光(Fm)和可变荧光(Fv)较对照降低,但10月和11月这些指标呈相反的变化趋势,光系统II(PSII)的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)的相应值分别增大0.008、0.012倍和0.230、0.201倍,具有较高的PSII原初光能转化效率。CO2浓度倍增条件下,元宝枫和刺槐的蒸腾速率分别较对照降低了26.82%和42.30%,蒸腾速率的日变化为单峰型,而对照条件下呈现双峰型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-