用水冷管热流法测定固态电渣导热系数

提出了改进前人所提出的测定含CaF_2固态渣导热系数的方法,通过测定有渣壳和无渣壳的铜-氧化铝水冷套管中热流值,即可求出渣壳的导热系数,测定了ANF—6(70％CaF_2—30％Al_2O_3)与L_4(15％CaF_2—50％Al_2O_3—30％CaO—5％MgO)渣的导热系数,其温度范围分别为637～1273℃及760～1188℃,其导热系数均随温度升高而增大,并求出了两种渣导热系数与温度的关系式,在1000℃下L_4渣的导热系数较ANF-6渣少50％,此法简便可靠。     

电渣重熔用CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2三元无氟渣系的研究

根据电渣重熔工艺要求和渣相平衡的特点,提出电渣重熔用渣化学组成的设计原则。据此原则,研究了CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2,三元系中8个共晶组成和二个同分化合物的性质,测定了其电导率和导热系数。根据其性质和电渣重熔实验,从中选出了两个适于电渣重熔用无氟渣系,其共晶组成(wt％):49.5％CaO-43.7％Al_2O_3-6.8％SiO_2和52.0％CaO-41.2％Al_2O_3-6.8％SiO_2。工业实验表明,其冶金性能与ANF-6渣相当,而电耗可降低30％,从根本上消除了氟化物对环境的污染。     

电渣重熔渣系的热导率测定

本文应用非稳态热线法测定了电渣重熔用高氟二元渣(ANF-6)、低氟四元渣(20CaF_2-50Al_2O_3-20CaO-10MgO)、无氟三元渣(48CaO-48Al_2O_3-4MgO)在600℃和1000℃时的热导率。结果表明,上述三种渣系热导率随温度升高而增加,在600℃时,上述三种渣系的热导率分别为1.191,0.818,0.710W/m·K;在1000℃时,分别为1.483,0.981,0.804W/m·K。在同一温度下,渣系的热导率随渣中CaF_2含量减少及CaO、Al_2O_3含量增加而降低。     

关于渣中氢溶解度的研究

本文研究了CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO渣系中氢的溶解度,得出渣中CaO/SiO_2、MgO、Al_2O_3及附加成分TiO_2、Cr_2O_4Na_2O、BaO以及温度对氢在该渣系中溶解度的影响。     

利用合成渣对钢水脱氮的研究

试验研究了CaO-TiO_2-Al_2O_3,CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 及CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2渣系中TiO_2,Al_2O_3。及B_2O_3 含量对钢水脱氮率的影响。在三个渣系中,随着 TiO_2,Al_2O_3 及B_2O_3 含量的变化,脱氮率有一最大值,其脱氮率可达 55％—65％。钢和渣中氧位愈低,脱氮率愈高。增加渣中碳、铅及钢中铝的含量,可以提高合成渣脱氮效果。     

FeO和Al2O3质量分数对高炉初渣粘度的影响

以高铝烧结矿在高炉软熔滴落过程中形成的高炉初渣为主要研究对象,在实验室条件下采用分析纯试剂进行初渣的制备,分别探讨了CaO-SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-FeO五元渣系中,FeO(5%~15%)及Al_2O_3(6%~15%)质量分数对初渣粘度和熔化性温度的影响规律。实验结果表明:在碱度(CaO/SiO_2)为2.0时,炉渣粘度随FeO质量分数的增加而减小,且FeO质量分数越多,炉渣的熔化性温度越低;当FeO质量分数为5%时,随着Al_2O_3质量分数的增大,炉渣粘度和熔化性温度都呈降低的趋势。     

电渣重熔铸铁渣系的选择

介绍铸铁重熔的一些实验结果,对提出的CaF_250%、CaO30％、AI_2O_310％、MgO_5、SiO_25％五元渣进行了熔点、粘度和电导的测定与讨论。多炉的重熔试验表明,该渣系对铸铁重熔有较好的适应性。     

添加剂对CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3系熔渣性质的影响

在CaO—SiO_2—Al_2O_3系碱度为0.38——0.9的范围内,测定了添加剂Na_2O、CaF_2和B_2O_3对其熔化温度、粘度、密度和表面张力的影响,添加剂的加入量为2～15％。文章中介绍了上述几个性质的测定方法及设备情况,对粘度和表面张力以及上述性质在固体保护渣中的作用进行了讨论。     

含硼炉渣性能的研究

本文研究了高炉型含B_2O_3合成渣的冶金性能。B_2O_3在CaO-MgO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3四元渣系中起助熔剂作用,它能降低炉渣的粘度和熔化性温度(见图1—3及表2)。含硼高镁渣具有适宜高炉冶炼的粘度和熔化性温度,例如当炉渣含MgO 25％,B_2O_3 12％且CaO/SiO_2为1.0时,其熔化性温度大约为1300℃,含硼炉渣脱硫性能良好(图 5、6)。CaO/SiO_2仍然是判别脱硫能力的主要因素。硅和硼的氧化物的还原行为相近,B_2O_3的存在促进了渣中SiO_2的还原。     

精炼渣对60Si2Mn弹簧钢中氧含量及夹杂物的影响

利用热力学软件FactSage 7.0计算1873K下四元渣系CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO与60Si2Mn弹簧钢平衡时的等氧线,通过渣-钢高温平衡试验,测定了不同精炼渣方案下钢中溶解氧和全氧含量,并对钢中非金属夹杂物的形貌、数量和尺寸分布进行表征。结果表明,1873K温度下,w(MgO)=6%且w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)=1时,钢液中溶解[O]及T[O]含量随着渣中w(SiO_2)的增大而增加,而当w(SiO_2)=30%时,随着w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)的增加,钢液中溶解[O]及T[O]含量分别呈降低和升高的趋势,这与钢液中SiO_2的活度有关;不同精炼渣方案得到的钢中,尺寸小于10μm的夹杂物所占比例超过87%,尺寸小于4μm的夹杂物所占比例超过50%,且单位面积夹杂物的数量与钢中T[O]含量的变化趋势一致。与试验结果对比可知,利用热力学软件FactSage 7.0计算钢中溶解氧含量是可行的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with