间接电合成对甲氧基苯甲醛反应机理的研究

利用红外光谱(ＩＲ)研究了槽外合成对甲氧基苯甲醛的反应机理,结果证明:对甲基苯甲醚先氧化成对甲氧基苯甲醇,再氧化成对甲氧基苯甲醛并最终氧化成对甲氧基苯甲酸。间接电合成对甲氧基苯甲醛的优选条件:原料配比为ｎ(Ｃｅ4+)∶ｎ(ｐ ＣＨ3Ｏ-Ｃ6Ｈ4-ＣＨ3)=4∶3;反应温度为30℃;对甲氧基苯甲醛反应收率为96.8%。     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3为多相催化剂，对以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂，较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为：n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．3，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．75％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间40min。上述条件下，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达82．7％．     

含苯甲醚基团的高分子液晶的合成及表征

本文讨论了侧链含有亚甲氧基连接基高分子液晶的合成及表征．用酚类与苯甲基氯制备了六种单体，用硅氢加成法合成了高分子液晶．六种单体为：4-(4—烯丙氧基苯甲氧基)联苯(M1)，4’—甲氧苯基4—烯丙氧基苯甲醚(M2)，4’—甲苯基—4—烯丙氧基苯甲醚(M3)，苯基4—烯丙氧基苯甲醚(M4)，4—(4-烯丙氧基苯甲氧基)4’—甲氧基联苯(M5)，4—(4—甲氧基苯甲氧基)-4’—烯丙氧基联苯(M6)．用偏光显微镜和DSC测定了单体和高分子液晶的相转变温度和介晶范围，单体M5和M6显示较好的液晶性，聚合物PM1、PM5、PM6、P(M2—M5)和P(M2—M6)显示出较好的液晶性，共聚物液晶比其它高分子液晶的介晶范围宽．     

3-(4-羟基苯基)-2-羟甲基-8-甲氧基-1,4-苯并二氧六环-6-醛的合成

以3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛和对羟基苯甲醛为起始原料，分别经过溴代和水解两步反应制得3-甲氧基-4,5-二羟基苯甲醛；经过诺文葛耳反应、酯化、还原三步反应制得对羟基苯基丙烯醇.3-甲氧基-4，5-二羟基苯甲醛和对羟基苯基丙烯醇以氧化银为氧化剂，通过自由基仿生氧化偶联反应合成了目标化合物3-（4-羟基苯基）-2-羟甲基-8-甲氧基-1，4-苯并二氧六环-6-醛，其总收率为11．2％．以氧化银为氧化剂的自由基仿生氧化偶联反应为反应的关键步骤．     

2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3′-氨基二苯甲酮与其烷基化物合成研究

以间苯二甲醚（1）与间硝基苯甲酰氯（2）为原料，经Friedel—Crafts反应得到2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3′-硝基二苯甲酮（3）．以CH2C12为溶剂，40℃，回流反应3h，n（AlCl3）：n（间苯二甲醚）：n（间硝基苯甲酰氯）=3：1．1：1时，产品的收率为71．8％．化合物3用5％Pd／C催化氢化得到对应的氨基物4，收率为90．2％．最后，用对甲基苯磺酸酯做烷基化试剂，又得到化合物4的单烷基化产物（91．4％）与双烷基化产物（88．9％）．利用IR、^1HNMR及MS等手段对合成的最终产物及一些关键中间体进行了结构表征，结果正确。     

1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(3-氨丙基)哌嗪的合成

合成1—(2—嘧啶基)—4—(3—氨丙基)哌嗪，目前大多采用4—(2—嘧啶基)—1[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚胺基)丙基]哌嗪肼解的合成方法．腈的毒性大以及操作过程中使用球—球蒸馏装置不利于工业化的批量生产．鉴此，本工作通过研究4—(2—嘧啶基)—l—[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)丙基]哌嗪酸性水解(产率63．5％)和碱性水解(产率50．0％)的反应条件，不仅去掉了球—球蒸馏反应，使反应产率提高、使反应过程容易操作，而且得出了最佳水解条件：对于酸性水解，4—(2—嘧啶基)—1—[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)丙基]哌嗪与盐酸摩尔数之比为1：30，对于碱性水解，前与氢氧化钠摩尔数之比为1：22，反应时间均为6h一7h．     

对二甲氨基苯甲酸的合成研究

以对二甲氨基苯甲醛和硝酸银为原料,合成了对二甲氨基苯甲酸,最传教条件是：反应温度为60℃,对二甲基苯甲醛和硝酸银的摩尔投料比为1：2,反应时间24h ,溶液氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为7％,产品收率为79．2％。     

(±)-5,4''''-二羟基-7,3''''-二甲氧基黄烷酮的全合成

以 2 ,4,6 三羟基苯乙酮和香草醛为起始原料 ,经选择性的甲基化、甲氧甲基化、缩合、关环、脱去保护基等步骤 ,以 2 7%的总产率首次完成了 (± ) 5 ,4’ 二羟基 7,3’ 二甲氧基黄烷酮的全合成 .合成的关键步骤是 3 甲氧基 4 甲氧甲氧基苯甲醛和 4 甲氧基 6 甲氧甲氧基 2 羟基苯乙酮的缩合     

1,3-二苯基-5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡唑啉的合成

以对氯苯甲醛为起始原料，经过两步缩舍反应合成了有机荧光染料1，3-二苯基-5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡唑啉，对氯苯甲醛溶于无水乙醇，在NaOH催化下与苯乙酮缩合，生成苯基-(4-氯苯)乙烯酮(1)，n(对-氯苯甲醛)(Ⅰ)：n(苯乙酮)=0．75：1，产率70％．将(Ⅰ)和苯肼溶于乙二醇独乙醇中，在室温下反应3h，环化缩合为最终产物1，3-二苯基-5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡唑啉(Ⅱ)，产率80％，产物结构经红外光谱，核磁共振谱，元素分析及荧光光谱证实。     

对甲氧基苯乙烯基染料的微波促进合成

目的研究快速合成对甲氧基苯乙烯基染料的合成方法。方法在微波促进下，以2-烷基或4-烷基取代的杂环碱或杂环季铵盐和对甲氧基苯甲醛为原料，在催化剂作用下合成一系列对甲氧基苯乙烯基染料，并用元素分析，^1HNMR，MS，IR，UV—vis确证产物的结构。结果合成所需时间短、产率高。结论提供了一种快速合成对甲氧基苯乙烯基染料的有效方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.