苯酚冲击负荷对前置反硝化系统脱氮的影响

采用短期静态试验和长期前置反硝化SBR工艺处理含苯酚生活污水。研究结果表明:随着苯酚质量浓度(0~175 mg/L)增大,2个试验中污泥氨氧化速率均逐渐减小,短期试验中最大比基质利用速率由2.898 d-1变成0.694d-1;在前置反硝化系统中,平均氨氧化速率为4.091 mg/(g·h),是静态试验(1.812 mg/(g·h))的2.26倍,且氨氧化速率与苯酚质量浓度的比值为一恒定值(-0.031±0.005);在0~5 h内苯酚与氨氮同时被去除,去除率分别为24.2%和23.5%;受苯酚冲击系统硝化作用破坏后通过自身结构调整15~18 d可恢复至正常水平;较高质量浓度(60~90mg/L)的苯酚毒性抑制作用使微生物形态结构受到不可逆破坏,微生物胞外聚合物中DNA质量分数由2.53 mg/g增加至34.6 mg/g。     

受纳米毒性胁迫的亚硝化菌性能恢复

探讨分别受50 mg/L纳米TiO_2(n-TiO_2)和纳米CeO_2(n-Ce O2)及1,10,25,50 mg/L纳米Zn O(n-Zn O)6 h胁迫后的生物脱氮系统毒性敏感指示性亚硝酸菌-Nitrosomonas europaea的生化性能恢复.结果表明,分别受3种50 mg/L纳米颗粒胁迫抑制的N.europaea细菌浓度、氨氧化速率、细胞膜完整性及氨单加氧酶(AMO)等指标均无法得到恢复.除n-Zn O外,受n-TiO_2和n-CeO_2胁迫后菌群在短期(12 h)内仍能够维持其氨氧化活性.受损菌群性能恢复能力与纳米颗粒胁迫剂量呈负相关性.分别受25和50 mg/L n-Zn O毒性影响后的菌群氨氧化速率、AMO活性均持续减弱;受10 mg/L n-Zn O胁迫后的受损菌群仅细菌浓度、细胞膜完整性指标在12 h内维持其受损生化性能;而受1 mg/L n-Zn O胁迫后受损菌群细菌浓度、氨氧化速率、细胞膜完整性及AMO酶活性12 h内则可恢复至与正常菌群无显著差异.因此,受纳米颗粒短期胁迫的细菌在胁迫消除后具有生化性能修复潜能,但恢复程度受胁迫种类和胁迫强度制约.     

反硝化-厌氧氨氧化掺杂培养的厌氧氨氧化菌影响因素研究

为了得到厌氧氨氧化菌最适宜的生长环境,利用培养成熟的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥进行厌氧氨氧化菌的影响因素研究。探讨了温度、pH值、COD、进水基质(NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N)对厌氧氨氧化菌活性的影响。研究结果表明:厌氧氨氧化菌最适温度为40℃;最适pH值范围为7.0~8.0;COD质量浓度低于100mg/L时,对厌氧氨氧化菌无明显抑制作用,COD质量浓度高于100mg/L时,反硝化菌生长占据优势,一定程度上抑制了厌氧氨氧化菌的活性;进水基质NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N在质量浓度分别低于1 540mg/L和140mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌活性没有受到严重抑制。控制厌氧氨氧化工艺的最适生长条件,有利于厌氧氨氧化菌的快速生长,进而为厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动奠定基础。     

亚铁离子对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响

研究通过投加厌氧氨氧化污泥,待反应器稳定运行后考察不同浓度Fe2+对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响.实验结果表明:经过210 d的连续培养,发现Fe2+可以促进厌氧氨氧化菌的细胞合成并且增加其基质代谢,当溶液中Fe2+浓度为0.085 mmol/L(4.76 mg/L)时,氨氮转化率维持在90%以上;添加Fe2+可以增加厌氧氨氧化菌亚铁血红素含量.此时样品中亚铁血红素C含量达到0.143μmol/mg,是同期对照反应器的2.04倍.通过SEM电镜发现当Fe2+浓度为0.085 mmol/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌群结构与形态趋于稳定.     

有机碳源环境下的厌氧氨氧化批式实验

通过厌氧氨氧化批式实验,研究了在有机碳源环境下COD/NH4 -N比、pH值以及NO2--N浓度对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响.结果表明:在有机碳源环境下,厌氧氨氧化作用和反硝化作用可以同时存在;适宜的COD/NH4 -N比值范围在0~1.57之间;适宜的pH值范围应该在6.02~8.50之间,最适pH值为8.00;为了得到较好的脱碳和脱氮效果,在初始COD值为300mg/L时,初始NO2--N浓度不宜超过500mg/L,否则会抑制厌氧氨氧化反应和反硝化反应的进行.     

有氧条件下ANAMMOX反应及其在HABR反应器中实现

为了深入研究厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)新型生物脱氮工艺,减轻水体氮素污染,防止水体富营养化,用无纺布填料进行了ANAMMOX细菌的培养和富集,并通过批式实验研究了DO存在时ANAMMOX反应的可行性及其在HABR反应器中的运行性能. 实验结果表明,在有氧条件下能够发生ANAMMOX反应,反应器中同时存在好氧氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的协同作用. DO浓度为1.0～6.47 mg/L时,ANAMMOX细菌活性较低,NH 4-N和NO-2- N降解速率分别为1.52 mg/(L·h)和1.83 mg/(L·h);当DO浓度小于1.0 mg/L时,ANAMMOX细菌活性升高,降解速率分别达到3.40 mg/(L·h)和3.98 mg/(L·h). ANAMMOX工艺可以在HABR反应器中实现,受DO、温度等因素的影响,TN去除负荷较低,只有0.01 kg/(m3·d).     

以高盐渗滤液富集筛选氨氧化菌试验

目的研究利用渗滤液作为氨氧化菌富集培养基的可行性,筛选出的优势菌在不同条件下的脱氮效果,为渗滤液生物处理提供参考.方法通过对渗滤液富集后污泥进行氨氧化菌初筛和复筛结果选出的优势菌在静态试验下研究pH、进水底物浓度、溶解氧和盐度的影响和投加优势菌后氨氮氧化速率.结果 pH、溶解氧、底物质量浓度和盐度对优势菌的脱氮性能有一定的影响,优势菌的最佳pH为7.5~8,溶解氧质量浓度3 mg/L,进水底物质量浓度与所需溶解氧成正相关关系;优势菌表现出不同盐度耐受性,X1表现出耐盐特性,而X4表现出嗜盐特性.结论渗滤液高氨氮的特性使其有作为氨氧化菌富集培养基的条件,渗滤液富集筛选出的优势菌投加反应器后可有效提高反应器的氨氮去除率.     

无机碳对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响

利用上向流生物膜滤池厌氧氨氧化反应器,考察了无机碳对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响.实验分两阶段进行,在初始阶段加入少量的无机碳,亚硝酸盐氮浓度高于100mg/L时会对厌氧氨氧化产生可逆性抑制,将NO2--N的浓度提高至250mg/L时,总氮的去除率降至58%;在第二阶段逐步提高无机碳浓度,经过长期培养发现NO2--N的浓度高于100mg/L时厌氧氨氧化并没有受到抑制,提高NO2--N浓度至250mg/L时去除率仍能达到高达86%.结果表明,高浓度的无机碳有助于厌氧氨氧化菌克服亚硝酸盐氮对其的抑制作用.     

不同碳源作用下厌氧氨氧化耦合多菌系统脱氮效能

为探究不同碳源对厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)菌耦合好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)以及ANAMMOX菌耦合短程反硝化菌脱氮性能的影响,在进水NH_4~+-N与NO_2~--N质量浓度比为1.0∶0.6和KHCO3质量浓度为1.25～2.50 g/L的条件下运行系列ANAMMOX耦合AOB血清瓶。研究结果表明:当KHCO_3质量浓度分别为2.00 g/L和2.50 g/L时NH_4~+-N去除率为100%,可积累NO_2~--N质量浓度达12.0 mg/L以上。在进水质量浓度ρ(NH_4~+-N)/ρ(NO_3~--N)为1∶1的条件下运行ANAMMOX耦合短程反硝化序批式反应器(ASBR),第80 min时NH_4~+-N去除率为100%;当进水质量浓度ρ(NH_4~+-N)/ρ(NO_3~--N)为1∶2,COD质量浓度为405.1 mg/L时,最高可积累NO_2~--N质量浓度达82.2 mg/L,第120 min时NH_4~+-N去除率为100%;当ASBR中过量通入NO_3~--N时,可使NO_2~--N的积累时间延长,此时颗粒污泥形态较完整。ANAMMOX耦合短程反硝化菌可利用葡萄糖作为电子供体进行短程反硝化,经过葡萄糖驯化后,NH_4~+-N去除率提高到43.8%。     

生物法还原高浓度高氯酸盐动力学及反应条件的优化

在高质量浓度高氯酸盐ClO_4~-(1 500 mg/L)的条件下,驯化得到能够处理高质量浓度ClO_4~-废水的异养厌氧高氯酸盐还原菌群。通过摇床实验,用控制变量法探究初始ClO_4~-质量浓度(0~1 500 mg/L)、乙酸钠质量浓度(0~11.83 g/L)、pH(5.55~9.00)、温度(15~40℃)、共存离子SO42-质量浓度(0~26.0 g/L)和NO3-质量浓度(0~3.9 g/L)对高质量浓度ClO_4~-生物还原性能的影响,确定最佳的反应条件。结果表明:最大比去除速率qmax和半饱和常数Ks分别为0.89(mg·mg)/h和141.6 mg/L,驯化的高氯酸盐还原菌群具有处理高质量浓度ClO_4~-的潜力;在初始ClO_4~-质量浓度为1 300 mg/L时,乙酸钠的最佳投加量、最适p H和最适温度分别为6.5 g/L,35℃和6.85,常见共存离子SO42-和NO3-都会不同程度的抑制ClO_4~-的还原,且NO3-对ClO_4~-还原的抑制作用远高于SO42-。驯化污泥中,Dechloromonas sp.是ClO_4~-还原微生物的优势种属,占总菌的69.32%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-