烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

应用虚拟化技术研究进展

应用虚拟化是支撑软件即服务的关键技术。分析并给出了应用虚拟化的定义,探讨了应用虚拟化的优势及研究现状,指出当前应用虚拟化研究主要集中于实现问题,缺乏对应用虚拟化服务质量的研究。从平台依赖性和分布式架构角度将应用虚拟化分为同构或异构应用虚拟化以及本地或远程应用虚拟化,详细分析了不同类型应用虚拟化的实现原理,存在的典型应用虚拟化软件及其特点。从评测指标和评估方法角度探讨了应用虚拟化服务质量评估方法。最后,针对应用虚拟化在服务质量方面面临的挑战,提出应用虚拟化的研究趋势。     

分布式PowerBuilder设计

随着Internet的不断发展和普及 ,传统的客户 /服务器二层应用模型已经不能满足计算机应用的扩大发行、维护和升级的要求 ,计算机应用向多层应用的发展已成为必然趋势 针对这种情况 ,笔者着重分析了PowerBuilder的分布式应用的体系结构、分布式应用中服务器端不可视对象及客户端组件的构成 阐述了分布式应用的实现原理 结合典型的三层应用模型 ,给出了用PowerBuilder进行分布式应用开发中 ,创建服务器应用和客户端应用的基本方法 提出了在开发过程中应注意的问题     

列车用CAN总线应用层协议研究与实现

铁路行业总线应用具有其自身的特点,目前还没有出现面向铁路专用的CAN总线应用层协议标准,本文以TCN(IEC61375-1)为参考,结合CAN总线自身的底层协议特点,借鉴了其他CAN总线应用层协议的优点,设计出面向列车总线应用的CAN总线应用层协议——Train-CAN协议.该文主要从该协议的报文分配、报文传输机制描述和网络管理方法3方面加以研究,并分析了一个典型的应用——分布式车载故障检测记录系统,通过该系统的实际运行情况证明了Train-CAN协议应用于铁路机车的合理性.     

浅析专利申请电子化存在的问题及对策

介绍了专利电子申请的优势,阐述了专利电子申请的程序,分析了专利电子申请存在的问题及推进专利电子申请的必然性,提出了推进专利电子申请的对策建议。     

我国工程地质遥感技术应用特点与若干问题探讨

简要介绍了工程选线、选址勘测中遥感技术的应用概况;阐述了工程地质遥感技术应用的特点,认为工程地质遥感技术应用有别于其他领域;强调了我国工程地质遥感技术应用与其他国家不同,形成了我国自己的应用特点,这些特点是由我国国情决定的;探讨了工程地质遥感技术应用的若干问题,包括遥感图像判释,遥感图像处理、数据综合分析、施工阶段遥感技术应用等。     

VC下实现Socket编程获取正在运行的程序名

介绍了在VC++6.0环境开发Winsock应用程序的方法,利用MFC提供的CAsync-Socket类实现了服务器和客户端应用程序的通信,从客户端应用程序可以向服务端应用程序发送信息;服务端应用程序利用Windows的进程查找API函数获得本机正在运行的程序名,并把它们发送给客户端应用程序.     

自适应软件应用平台模型的研究

传统的软件应用平台一般是以静态、确定的方法支持应用软件的开发,它缺乏由应用环境反馈的信息来提高和改善其系统性能的能力．为克服传统软件应用平台的缺陷,在传统的软件应用平台中引入相应的感知与学习机制,形成一个智能化的自适应软件应用平台模型ＡＳＡＰ,使得应用平台在建立应用系统的方法、控制模式和平台的学习方法上有较高的自适应性。该模型可通过利用由应用环境和开发人员反馈的信息来自我改善和调整其性能,并可通过与应用环境的交互学习获取应用软件开发的知识,从而提高和改善应用平台支持应用软件开发的能力．     

分形在水文水资源水环境中的应用研究与展望

较系统的论述了当前分形理论在水文水资源水环境中的应用,主要有:水文现象中分形特征的分析计算;分形在水文水资源评价、分类当中的应用;分形在水文水资源水环境的预测中的应用。总结了分形理论在水文中应用存在的问题:分形特征分析较多,但应用到评价、分类中较少,特别是在水文预测上应用较少。提出了未来研究的展望:将分形理论应用到评价、预测中,并加强分形理论与其它理论、方法的比较和结合,为水文评价、预测提供一种新思路。     

ARX技术在AutoCAD应用程序开发中的应用

阐述了ARX技术的含义、实质及其作用,给出了ARX应用程序的框架,即一个最小的标准ARX应用程序项目的文件组成及各组成文件的基本结构,介绍了用C++面向对象技术进行ARX应用程序设计开发的步骤及ARX应用程序的运行机制和执行过程,列出了在AutoCAD中调用ARX应用程序的常规方法,并用一实例介绍了ARX技术在AutoCAD应用程序开发中的具体应用。     

高校教务管理系统可持续应用的对策研究

从高校教务管理系统应用复杂性分析入手,对高校教务管理系统的应用现状进行剖析,强调高校教务管理系统可持续应用是发展过程中的动态适应性,并从管理基础、技术基础、系统应用和技术支持等方面给出了可持续应用的对策．