原位颗粒含量对半固态7075铝合金组织的影响

制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的喷射沉积7075铝合金,在610℃和620℃进行二次加热并保温30min,淬火固定半固态组织.采用扫描电镜观察其组织,利用平均截线法统计其晶粒尺寸,分析不同颗粒含量对喷射沉积7075铝合金半固态组织的影响规律.结果表明:当TiC颗粒含量达到2.91%(体积分数)时已经产生良好的钉扎效果,使得合金基本保持喷射沉积组织特征,能够满足后续的半固态成形工艺要求;TiC颗粒含量超过2.91%后,晶粒尺寸会进一步减小,但晶界上的颗粒明显增多并呈网状分布;TiC颗粒含量小于2.91%时,局部区域发生晶粒的异常长大现象,使合金组织的均匀化程度下降.     

原位TiC颗粒对喷射成形铝合金组织的影响

利用熔铸-原位反应喷射成形技术制备7075 TiC(2．9l％，体积分数)铝合金半固态坯料，将合金加热到固液两相区不同温度，保温不同时间，淬火固定其半固态组织。采用扫描电镜观察其组织，应用Image Tool软件及截线法统计晶粒尺寸。研究表明，原位TiC颗粒不仅细化喷射成形组织，而且在二次加热保温过程中有效地阻碍晶界的移动，抑制了显微组织的粗化过程，在600℃保温60min后合金平均晶粒尺寸仍小于30μm，表现出良好的钉扎效应。     

温度对喷射成形7075+TiC铝合金触变成形的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,对原位反应喷射成形7075 TiC铝合金进行半固态压缩变形,通过扫描电镜观察其变形后纵横截面的组织,用Imagetool软件及平均截线法统计晶粒尺寸.研究表明,晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的升高而增大,对应580～620℃的变形温度,晶粒尺寸分布范围为10～21 μm;当变形温度为610℃,变形速率为1 s-1时,合金表现出良好的半固态触变成形性能.     

半固态轧制对沉积态7050铝合金显微组织的影响

在560～620℃下对喷射沉积态7050铝合金材料进行了半固态轧制实验,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪、X射线衍射仪考察了材料晶粒尺寸和第二相粒子的分布随重熔温度的变化规律,以及轧制过程中重熔温度和变形量对带材显微组织的影响,分析了半固态轧制的可行性.结果表明:喷射沉积态7050铝合金的晶粒长大激活能为70.5kJ/mol;当重熔温度由560℃增加到620℃时,材料的晶粒粗化速率由1.16μm3/s增加到76.06μm3/s,液相分数由3.7%增加到64.1%;第二相粒子的分布和数量对晶粒的粗化有抑制作用;喷射沉积态7050铝合金最佳的半固态轧制重熔温度为590℃;喷射沉积态材料在半固态轧制成形时,形变的主要作用是致密化材料、破碎晶粒、促使动态再结晶的发生.     

喷射成形含锰高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu的组织和性能

利用喷射成形和热挤压的方法制备了含锰为2%(质量分数)的高强铝合金Al-8.8Zn-2.9Mg-1.6Cu合金,用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法研究了铝合金的微观组织,并进行了力学性能测试.研究结果表明:喷射成形制备的含锰铝合金经过热挤压和固溶处理后,基体组织为细小均匀的再结晶晶粒组织,平均尺寸约8μm.MnAl6颗粒在喷射沉积过程中沿晶界析出,经过热挤压后,尺寸大的颗粒破碎,大部分的颗粒则沿挤压方向产生一定的塑性变形.固溶处理对MnAl6颗粒尺寸的影响不明显,但棒状/片状颗粒的边角处发生球化,有利于降低诱发显微裂纹的应力或应变集中.时效后,铝合金达强度为775MPa,延伸率达4.3%,断口以细小的韧窝为主,尺寸小于500nm.     

低钛铝合金晶粒细化的凝固计算

基于单个晶粒生长所形成的成分过冷为邻近的形核颗粒提供形核所需成分过冷的假设，提出晶粒细化的相关晶粒尺寸(RGS)判据。0．03％TiB2细化不同含钛量的铝合金的试验数据拟和出的形核过冷度与试验测量结果较一致。分析发现成分过冷区初期其形成的速率正比于抑制生长因子Q，成分过冷参数P可作为柱状晶向等轴晶转变的判据。对于使用强形核颗粒合金的晶粒尺寸可用直接使用抑制生长因子Q来衡量，而弱形核颗粒使用RGS可能更准确一些。     

铝合金的晶粒微细化研究

针对3种典型铝合金研究了采用ECAP法细化晶粒的效果,用TEM观察了经ECAP变形的合金在退火过程中的微观组织形态的演变。结果表明:采用ECAP方法与适当的热处理工艺相匹配,可以将铝合金晶粒细化到1μm以下,细化效果与合金成分有一定的关系,合金化程度高的合金,可达到的细化效果更好。随退火温度的提高,采用ECAP方法变形的合金晶粒尺寸增大,强度下降,延伸率增加。图5,参12。     

原位反应TiC颗粒对喷射沉积Al-20Si-5Fe合金微观组织的影响

利用熔铸－原位反应喷射沉积成形技术制备了TiC颗粒增强Al-20Si-5Fe复合材料,分析了内生TiC颗粒对喷射沉积Al-20Si-5Fe合金微观组织的影响。结果表明：喷射沉积Al-20Si-5Fe合金微观组织中常出现脆性、针状的Al-Si-Fe三元金属间化合物相,在Al-20Si-5Fe合金中内生一定量的TiC颗粒,有助于减小粗晶Si颗粒的尺寸、消除针状的Al-Si-Fe三元金属间化合物相。     

喷射沉积Al-30wt%Si合金的凝固组织与耐磨性能

研究了喷射沉积Al-30wt%Si合金的凝固组织和耐磨性能,结果表明喷射沉积Al-30wt%Si合金的组织由Si相和α相组成,细小的Si相均匀分布在α基体中,沉积态组织中硅相尺寸比金属型铸造试样降低2个数量级。喷射沉积高硅铝合金具有优良的耐磨性。随着硅相尺寸的减小,高硅铝合金的磨损由剥落为主的机制转变为犁沟变形机制。     

送装工艺对板坯再加热过程奥氏体晶粒细化的影响

连铸坯下线至加热炉的温度制度及其表层组织演变与热送或粗轧裂纹密切相关.基于热模拟实验分析了送装工艺对奥氏体转变特征和再加热晶粒尺寸的影响.高温共聚焦激光扫描显微镜原位观察表明,含Nb J55钢在双相区700℃热装时,组织为晶界膜状先共析铁素体、魏氏体和大量残留奥氏体,再加热至1200℃,奥氏体晶粒大小、位置都不变;单相区600℃温装时,组织为大量铁素体+珠光体,再加热至1200℃时,奥氏体晶粒明显细化.马弗炉模拟SS400钢双相区不同热装温度发现,铁素体转变量至少达70%时才可细化再加热后的奥氏体晶粒.在临界转变量以上,基体中铁素体转变量越多晶粒细化程度越明显.     

Stability of thermal cycling and high temperature mechanical properties for Ti–V–Al–B lightweight shape memory alloy

The microstructure of the Ti–V–Al shape memory alloy with refined grain and in-situ TiB phase was modified by doping minor Boron (B), which contributes to the superior mechanical performances and strain recovery characteristics. Compared with other quaternary Ti–V–Al-X alloys, the Ti–V–Al–B alloy showed the largest ultimate tensile stress due to the solution strengthening, grain refinement and precipitation strengthening of in-situ TiB phase. Moreover, the Ti–V–Al alloy added 0.1 ?at.%B possessed the maximum yield stress of 701 ?MPa and the largest tensile fracture strain of 27.6% at the temperature of 150 ?°C. Meanwhile, the excellent strain recovery characteristics with fully recoverable strain of 4% could be obtained due to B addition. Besides, B addition suppressed the precipitation of ω phase during thermal cycling and further improved the thermal cycling stability of the Ti–V–Al alloy.     

Nd对AJ61镁合金微观组织及腐蚀性能的影响

采用真空熔炼、氩气保护的方法制备了AJ61-xNd镁合金,研究了稀土元素Nd对AJ61镁合金微观组织的影响规律.采用静态失重法、极化曲线法研究了AJ61-xNd镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明:随着Nd的加入,合金中出现Al2Nd、Al3Nd新相,合金晶粒得到细化,当Nd的质量分数为0.5%时合金晶粒最细.稀土元素Nd的加入显著降低了AJ61合金的腐蚀速度和腐蚀电流,提高了AJ61镁合金的平衡电位和腐蚀电位,显著改善了合金的耐腐蚀性能.在本实验范围内,当Nd质量分数为0.5%时,实验合金的耐腐蚀性能最好.     

Tuning microstructure,transformation behavior,mechanical/functional properties of Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy by doping quaternary rare earth Y

The microstructure features, martensitic transformation behavior and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloy were tailored by changing rare element Y content in the present investigation. The results showed that Y doping resulted in the grain refinement and formation of Y-rich phase mainly distributing along grain boundary in Ti–V–Al alloys. The martensitic transformation temperatures of Ti–V–Al alloys slightly increased due to the variation of matrix composition induced by the presence of Y-rich phase. The mechanical and functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloys doped moderate Y addition were significantly improved, which can be ascribed to grain refinement, solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The 1.0 at.%Y-doped Ti–V–Al alloy exhibited the highest ultimate tensile stress of 912 MPa and largest elongation of 17.68%. In addition, it was found that the maximum recoverable strain of 5.42% can be obtained in Ti–V–Al alloy with adding 1.0 at.%Y,under the pre-strain of 6% condition, which is enhanced by approximate 0.6% than that of Ti–V–Al alloy without Y addition.     

Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

The effect of Gd/Al ratio on the properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys was investigated by changing the chemical composition from that of AZ61 to GZ61. At the ratio of 1, the Al2Gd phase becomes predominant and Mg17Al12 is hardly seen in the microstructure. As a potent inoculant, the Al2Gd phase resulted in intense grain refinement and enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness. For instance, the tensile strength and elongation to failure of Mg-3Gd-3Al-1Zn alloy were enhanced by ~4% and 180% compared with those of AZ61 alloy, respectively. However, at high Gd/Al ratios, the Al2Gd phase was replaced by (Mg,Al)3Gd and Mg5Gd phases and very large grain sizes were achieved, which led to poor tensile properties and the appearance of cleavage facets on the fracture surfaces. Therefore, it can be deduced that the presence of Gd and Al, in appropriate amounts to reach Gd/Al ratio of ~ 1, is required for the achievement of grain refinement, good ductility, high strength, and the appearance of ductile fracture surfaces in the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn system. Conclusively, the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys can be considered as a new class of structural magnesium alloy and it is superior to both AZ (Mg-Al-Zn) and GZ (Mg-Gd-Zn) series of alloys.     

半固态等温热处理对7075合金组织的影响

研究了半固态等温热处理过程中,7075合金由枝晶组织转变为非枝晶组织的演变机理,并对比了半固态组织和铸态组织相组成的区别.结果表明,非枝晶组织的形成经过分枝特征的消失、晶界的平直化、晶界的弧状化与晶粒的长大3个阶段.其中,分枝特征的消失是由于位于二次枝晶臂的低熔点相熔化:部分液相团聚被包裹于固相颗粒内部;部分由枝晶通道流动至晶界处;另一部分液相与枝晶网格的边界处液相汇合,包裹着小固相颗粒.7075铸态枝晶组织与半固态组织的组成相相同,都是由α-Al,η(MgZn₂)和θ(Al₂Cu)组成.     

Ca,Sr对AM80镁合金显微组织和高温蠕变性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和高温蠕变试验机等实验手段研究了碱土元素Ca,Sr对AM80镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:在AM80合金中复合添加0.2%Sr和0.5%~2.5%Ca,Ca、Sr元素可逐步细化合金的铸态组织,Ca原子与Al原子优先结合在晶界处生成了高熔点相Al2Ca,抑制了低熔点相-βMg17Al12的形成.AM80合金在高温蠕变过程中,-βMg17Al12相在晶界处存在连续析出和非连续析出2种形式.-βMg17Al12相非连续析出并且垂直于晶界,造成合金蠕变性能较差.当在合金中复合添加Ca,Sr后,高熔点相Al2Ca是主要的晶界强化相,替代低熔点的-βMg17Al12相,从而减少-βMg17Al12相的非连续析出,抑制了晶界滑动,改善了合金的高温蠕变性能.当Ca质量分数增加到2.5%时,合金的高温蠕变性能最优.     

Al和Sn对再生Bi黄铜组织和性能的影响

在再生Bi黄铜中分别加入不同含量的Al和Sn，研究Al和Sn元素对再生Bi黄铜合金组织和性能的影响。研究表明：随着Al和Sn含量的增加，铸态下合金晶粒不断减小，热轧态下合金晶粒先增大后减小；Bi由薄膜状转变为颗粒状；Al和Sn的质量分数分别为0.5%和0.8%时合金的力学性能最佳。通过计算表面张力的方法分析Bi形态发生改变和力学性能改善的原因。分析可得：质量分数为0.5%的Al和0.8%的Sn可以增大Bi在合金中的润湿角，从而使薄膜状的Bi减少，颗粒状的Bi增多；薄膜状的Bi能抑制基体的割裂，最终改善合金的力学性能。     

Effect of void nucleation on microstructure and stress state in aluminum alloy tailor-welded blank

The microscopic damage initiation characteristic in welded joint greatly determines the subsequent damage evolution and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy tailor-welded blank(TWB) during plastic forming. In this study, the interactive dependence of void nucleation on microstructure and stress state in the welded joint of a2219 aluminum alloy TWB was quantitatively explored by in-situ SEM testing. Moreover, a micromechanical model based on actual microstructure was adopted to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of microscopic heterogeneous deformation. The results showed that three void nucleation mechanisms, including particle-cracking, interface-debonding and matrix-cracking, coexisted in the deformation at different microstructure regions and stress states. The nucleation strain of each mechanism mainly depended on the particle volume fraction, grain size and stress triaxiality. Besides, the proportions of particle-cracking and interfacedebonding greatly varied with the grain size and particle volume fraction, and the variation law changed with the stress state. The proportion of matrix-cracking had a weak dependence on the microstructure, while increased with the stress triaxiality decreasing. It made the damage initiation in aluminum alloy welded joint transit from particle-cracking dominance to matrix-cracking dominance with the stress triaxiality decreasing.The micromechanical modeling results suggested that the changes of evolutions and distributions of Mises stress in particle, hydrostatic stress at interface and plastic strain in matrix with microstructure and stress state were responsible for the above effects.     

Ameliorating mechanical properties and reducing anisotropy of as-extruded Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy via Al addition

Effects of Al addition to a Mg–Sn–Ca ternary alloy on its microstructure and tensile properties after extrusion were studied via extrusion of Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca-xAl (x ​= ​0, 0.8, 2.4 ​wt%) sheets and analysis of the extruded materials. The results showed that Al addition not only refined the grain size (from 9.8 ​± ​0.7 ​μm to 8.3 ​± ​0.4 ​μm and 7.6 ​± ​0.5 ​μm) but also accelerated the generation of more second phase (from 0.98 to 1.72 and 4.32%). Except for the CaMgSn and Mg₂Ca in Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy, new phase (Mg, Al)₂Ca appeared after Al addition. The addition of Al into Mg–Sn–Ca alloy induced the textural variation from an initially ED-split double-peaked texture to a weakened texture, i.e., divergent elliptical texture, due to the effect of particle stimulated nucleation. This eventually contributed to the improvement of mechanical anisotropy as well as the higher Hc value and n-value. For the strain hardening behavior when tension along the TD, the prolonged stage Ⅱ of Al-modified alloys was closely connected with the additional TD textural components, accelerating the activation of more basal slip. The decreased θⅢ0 in stage Ⅲ of Al-modified alloys is beneficial to the grain refinement and the emergence of more second phase.     

准晶对AZ91微观组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用普通铸造法制备含高体积分数准晶相的Mg-Zn-Y(MZY)准晶中间合金。经SEM,EDS、XRD检测和摩擦磨损试验,研究MZY准晶颗粒加入量对AZ91基体合金微观组织及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:MZY准晶颗粒可以明显细化AZ91合金的铸态组织,且骨骼状连续网状分布的β-Mg17Al12相断裂为弥散的岛状,合金的铸态组织中除α-Mg相、β-Mg17Al12相外还出现弥散分布在晶界处的高温稳定的Mg3Zn6Y准晶相;在不同载荷条件下,添加质量分数为6%的MZY准晶合金试样的摩擦因数由0.68减小至0.26,在100 N载荷下干摩擦30 min,其质量磨损量仅为基体合金质量的46.2%,磨损机理由基体的黏着摩擦转变为磨粒摩擦。