基于ADRC的无人机纵向通道控制

根据自抗扰控制器不依赖对象的精确数学模型以及能够对系统模型内扰和外界干扰进行补偿的特点,提出了在无人机纵向通道中引入自抗扰控制器的方法。设计的自抗控制器在不同的飞行状态下,不需要改变控制器参数,就能实现对俯仰指令的精确跟踪控制,以及速度回路与俯仰角回路的解耦控制。仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的动态响应和鲁棒性。     

自抗扰控制器在气压伺服控制系统中的应用

为提高控制系统的鲁棒性,增强干扰抑制能力,提出了适用于气压伺服系统的自抗扰控制器方案,并讨论了控制参数的整定.自抗扰控制器为非线性控制器,由跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器和非线性状态误差反馈控制律3部分构成.扩张状态观测器可以实时观测系统状态和扩张状态,从而实现全状态反馈及系统不确定性和外扰的补偿控制.自抗扰控制器的设计不依赖于被控系统的精确数学模型,并对内外扰有较强的抑制能力,在整个系统工作区间都有良好的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器对气动伺服系统模型的不确定性以及外干扰的鲁棒性较好,且具有较优的动态性能.     

不同轴距车辆路径跟踪研究

针对不同轴距车辆路径跟踪鲁棒性,提出了基于滑模自抗扰控制的平行泊车路径跟踪算法.该算法利用线性滑模控制设计自抗扰控制律中的误差反馈环节,改善了自抗扰控制器的结构,能适用于不同轴距车辆.线性自抗扰控制器能够观测和补偿由于不同车辆轴距引起的不确定性和车辆受到的外界干扰.在假定低车速和小侧偏角情况下,控制器的设计考虑非线性运动学模型及运动学约束.仿真结果表明,基于滑模自抗扰控制的路径跟踪控制算法能够将不确定性部分观测出来并且补偿掉,保证了不同轴距车辆很好地跟踪规划的理想泊车轨迹.     

大型随动圆顶自抗扰控制方法研究

针对大型随动圆顶具有大转动惯量,且存在非线性摩擦的特点,根据自抗扰控制原理,设计圆顶随动系统控制器,提高系统的动态性能。介绍了圆顶随动系统的构成及简化模型;以及基于自抗扰控制器的圆顶随动系统设计方案,并给出了控制器参数整定方法。最后,进行了Simulink仿真和实验验证。实验结果表明,相对于传统的PID控制器,自抗扰控制器既可以保证系统在无超调的情况下快速响应,又能够抑制摩擦和死区等非线性因素对系统跟踪性能的影响,可以有效提高圆顶随动系统的动态性能。     

基于自抗扰控制技术的电子节气门控制

为解决传统线性控制器无法满足汽车电子节气门控制要求的问题,利用自抗扰控制技术进行了电子节气门非线性控制器研究。首先根据博世公司的电子节气门性能指标,给出了参考过渡过程和采样时间的选取准则;然后通过将建模误差等不确定性看作加性外部扰动,利用扩张状态观测器实时估计出作用于系统的扰动总和,并给予补偿。仿真表明,基于自抗扰控制技术的控制方法能够很好地实现电子节气门的快速跟踪控制,而且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

非线性自抗扰状态PI控制器的研究

针对线性状态PI控制器只适用于单输入单输出的线性系统的不足 ,提出了非线性自抗扰状态PI控制方法 ,将“自抗扰”控制技术的控制思想应用于常规状态PI控制 ,使其适用于单输入单输出的非线性系统的控制。解决了“自抗扰”控制技术中扩张状态观测器的参数问题 ,并对系统的稳定性进行了定性分析。仿真算例表明 ,非线性自抗扰状态PI控制器对对象模型参数摄动和外扰具有良好的适应性和鲁棒性     

非线性自抗扰状态PI控制器的研究

针对线性状态PI控制器只适用于单输入单输出的线性系统的不足,提出了非线性自抗扰状态PI控制方法,将“自抗扰”控制的控制思想应用于常规状态PI控制,使其适用于单输出的非线性系统的控制,解决了“自抗扰”控制技术中扩张状态观测器的参数问题,并对系统的稳定性进行了定性分析,仿真算法表明,非线性自抗扰状态PI控制器对对象模型参数摄动和外扰具有良好的适应性和鲁棒性。     

未知雅可比建模的机器人视觉伺服自抗扰控制方法

针对系统标定和雅可比在线求解难问题,引入非线性状态反馈,研究一种基于自抗扰控制器(ADRC)的机器人视觉伺服控制算法.利用无模型理论和非线性自抗扰技术建立机器人"视觉-运动"空间映射,进而设计不依赖雅可比建模的视觉反馈控制器,其中采用跟踪微分器(TD)跟踪视觉空间期望特征;利用扩展状态观测器(ESO)实现未建模雅可比反...     

自抗扰控制器在6自由度液压并联机器人仿真分析中应用

以6自由度液压并联机器人为控制对象,对自抗扰控制器参数的交化与系统动态特性的关系进行了系统的分析,为自抗扰控制器的参数整定及其有效应用提供了依据。理论分析和大量的仿真实验表明,采用自抗扰控制器可以明显改善6自由度液压并联机器人的操作精度,验证了自抗扰控制器的有效性。     

异步电机的新型非线性自抗扰控制器的研究

为提高控制系统的鲁棒性,抑制电机参数波动及负载扰动的影响,基于自抗扰控制器(ADRC)原理,提出了适用于异步电机控制系统的自抗扰控制器方案.自抗扰控制器由3部分构成:跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器和非线性状态误差反馈控制律.自抗扰控制器不依赖于被控系统的具体数学模型并对内外扰有较强的抗扰能力,而且在整个系统工作区间内都会有良好的鲁棒性与适应性.仿真结果表明自抗扰控制器对模型的不确定性以及测量噪声的鲁棒性较好,而且它还具有较优的动态性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.