基于机群的并行分子动力学裂纹模拟

在探讨并行分子动力学算法的基础上,介绍机群并行分子动力学计算环境的构建.详细说明了在机群并行计算环境下,并行分子动力学计算的编程过程和实现方法.最后以并行分子动力学程序Lammps为例,介绍其在自强3000机群并行计算环境下的安装和使用,并以二维LJ裂纹扩展模拟的实例进行验证,得到一些初步的结果.     

多机群网格中的并行计算实现方法

在由多计算机机群构成的网格环境下,为了实现数据并行型计算,给出了由多计算机机群组成的网格、逻辑计算机机群、数据并行型计算和一系列Agent的定义;利用管理智能体、协同计算智能体、通信智能体以及协同计算组之间的协同计算机制来实现数据并行型计算。根据计算节点的主态、冗态和失效状态,描述了动态资源划分机制和网格计算过程。实践表明,该模型有效地适应了多机群网格环境的异构性、动态性等特性,降低了并行计算的失效率,其上运行的并行计算的加速比呈近线性趋势。该模型适合于基于多机群网格的并行型计算。     

分布存储环境并行有限元研究进展

详细评述了近10年来国内外分布存储环境下并行有限元的研究态势．认为实现分布存储环境下有限元并行化的策略可以归结为基于并行数值分析方法和基于物理分割构造的并行有限元两类．其中，前者的实现方式有直接利用并行数值分析工具软件包和分割系统方程并行求解的策略；后者的策略则有子结构法、单元逐集(EBE)法以及单元重组(FETI)法．对于物理非线性和动力问题，现行的处理方法都是利用静力解法叠代计算实现．以这些分析为基础，进一步分析了机群(COW)环境下实现大规模并行有限元计算的可行性。     

结构非线性动力分析显式积分并行算法

对同时具有几何非线性、材料非线性和边界条件非线性的结构动力分析问题的并行性进行了讨论。提出了能有效用于该问题并行计算的双重区域分解法 ,重新规划了各处理机与宿主机间的任务分配。采用了数据整体传送技术 ,不需要处理子域交界面上的“影响单元”,减少了算法的复杂度 ,降低了通信开销。对 3 2 3 0 4 5阶自由度、 62 5 0 0时间步的大规模冲击接触问题进行了并行计算 ,在网络机群环境下采用 8个处理机并行计算时的并行效率为 84 .6%。结果表明 ,该并行算法对大规模非线性问题的并行计算非常有效     

刚性护栏在事故碰撞中的冲击力计算

对刚性护栏在事故碰撞中的冲击力计算该方法进行了讨论和简要的评论。对将汽车和护栏作为连续系统的动力模型作出了修正。采用该修正模型,研究了刚性护栏在汽车撞击作用下的动力响应,并分析和讨论了冲击角度、冲击速度、冲击质量,以及回弹刚度等因素对冲击力的影响。     

基于单元级矩阵分解的EBE-PCG算法及其在网络机群并行环境上的实现

基于EBE策略，讨论求解大型线性方程组CG方法及PCG方法的并行计算．在不显式形成总刚度阵的情况下利用单元级矩阵的Cholesky分解构造总刚度阵的近似，形成预条件矩阵，提出了求解大型线性方程组的EBE—PCG并行算法，并讨论了算法在网络机群(COW)并行计算环境下的实现．结合实际算例，对EBE-PCG并行算法进行了并行效率分析．结果表明基于单元级Cholesky分解的EBE—PCG算法具有很好的并行效率，是一种适合网络机群并行环境的高效并行算法．     

流场分析和设计的并行计算

网络连接机群是一种有效的并行计算工具,讨论了在此环境下流场分析和设计的并行计算问题。流场解中采用了Euler方程作为主控方程,并用有限体积方法和时间隐式方法进行求解。在MPI／PVM环境下用分区方法作了二维翼型和三维机翼绕流的并行计算。数值算例表明流场计算的正确性和并行计算的有效性,并讨论了影响加速比和并行效率的各种因素。用耦合流场解和并行遗传优化算法做了二维翼型和三维机翼的单目标／双目标数值优化。算例表明：使用的适应函数优于传统线性组合法构成的,遗传算法计算三维优化问题时必须并行化。     

基于区域分解法的地下水有限元并行数值模拟

地下水系统概念的出现对地下水模拟技术、地下水决策支持管理提出了新的要求，比如地下水系统中同时包含包气带模型和饱和带模型，或在饱和带中同时出现孔隙介质模型和裂隙介质模型，更可能在建造地下水模型的同时必须结合考虑地表水模型，所有的这些顾虑和可能均会使模型复杂化，且不说用目前流行的数值方法难于求解，就算能求解也势必造成计算工作量的剧增，这就需要借助高性能计算机来担任这项工作．相对于代价高昂的共享内存多处理器技术，基于分布式模型的机群计算技术为此项工作的实现提供了可能．讨论了如何利用机群计算技术，实现地下水有限元并行数值模拟．从地下水有限元模型的并行求解可能、基于区域分解法的并行算法、并行编程以及并行计算的实现各方面着手，系统地阐述了地下水有限元并行模拟的关键技术，并将该方法应用于一个理想的地下水溶质运移模型中，取得了成功．还讨论了方法的应用前景，包括利用机群计算技术实现对整个流域的地下水进行准实时模拟，为地下水调度提供决策依据．     

储液容器跌落碰撞的并行仿真计算研究

基于多物质的ALE有限元法,应用通用动力学软件LS—DYNA完成了空投柔性储液容器跌落碰撞过程的数值仿真计算．容器采用Lagrangian描述,溶液采用ALE描述,容器与溶液间的耦合作用及容器与地面的碰撞接触均采用罚函数法得以实现．在分析空投容器力学行为的同时,对该问题计算的并行性进行了讨论．针对储液容器跌落碰撞过程中,即存在十分耗时的非线性流体与结构耦合计算又具有碰撞接触计算的特点,在递归坐标二分分区方法的基础上,提出了负载均衡的分区策略,通过程序实现该分区过程．结果表明,相对于坐标递归二分分区方法,负载均衡的分区方法使得各分区的负载更加均衡,具有更好的加速比与并行效率．     

一个机群环境下抗数据偏斜的JOIN算法

提出了一种计算机机群环境下JOIN算法，防止数据偏斜对机群执行效率的影响．给出了数据分布树的形式化定义，构造了基于数据分布树的数据均衡分布机制、抗数据偏斜的JOIN算法．分析和实验表明，该算法适合于海量数据查询并能有效地解决机群并行环境下数据偏斜所造成的查询性能低下的问题．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.