连拱隧道在不同开挖过程下中隔墙的动态响应分析研究

利用ANSYS-LSDYNA动力有限元程序，建立连拱隧道爆破震动效应模型，分析研究了在左右洞不同开挖过程中，中隔墙的动态反应。同时，在某四车道高速公路连拱隧道爆破施工现场，对中隔墙的震动进行了实地测试，并与ANSYS数值模拟结果进行了分析比较，模拟计算的结果与实际测试结果基本相符。     

结合实例论新建隧道爆破震动对既有隧道影响研究

本文结合在建中的某隧道,采用MIDAS/GTS软件进行数值模拟的方法,对后修建隧道爆破开挖对既有隧道的振动影响进行了数值分析,提出合理的爆破减振和安全防护措施。     

土石交界隧道爆破开挖数值分析

运用FLAC3D对黑山隧道土石交界段爆破开挖时爆破振动对隧道稳定情况的影响进行了数值分析.采用球面爆破冲击波的方法对爆破开挖进行了数值模拟,根据数值模拟结果提出了安全装药量,最后就其在爆破控制中的应用进行了分析.研究表明隧道爆破开挖过程中,拱顶及两侧拱腰底部发生了明显的应力重分布现象,拱顶土体对爆破振动敏感,易于发生塑性破坏,中部土体也有部分破坏,但并不影响开挖.     

爆破震动对高速路边坡影响的数值模拟

以京秦高速公路某段路堑边坡爆破开挖为例，采用数值模拟的方法分析了爆破震动波在边坡介质中的应力场、位移场、速度场等的分布规律，多方面研究了爆破震动效应对山区高等级公路岩质边坡稳定性的影响，现场振动测试结果验证了数值模拟计算的可靠性。     

特大断面车站隧道爆破开挖对地表建筑物的影响

对于采用钻爆法施工的城市隧道,不可避免地存在爆破开挖对邻近建筑物的影响问题。因此,研究爆破振动对地下洞室的影响,不仅具有重要的理论意义,同时也具有重要的工程意义。重庆轻轨大坪车站隧道最小埋深仅4m,最大跨度26.3m,地面人口密集,建筑物林立。采用浅眼多循环,分部开挖,增设周边减震眼及严格控制药量等措施,通过数值模拟爆破震动效果,并与实测结果对比来进行研究,有效地控制了爆破地震动强度,爆破对建筑物没有产生损坏,说明采用的隧道施工新方法和爆破药量是可行的,从而为复杂条件下的特大断面城市隧道施工参数和爆破参数的确定提供了重要的依据。     

隧道爆破施工对附近房屋的振动监测与影响分析

爆破震动是隧道爆破施工危害之一,隧道掘进过程中应进行爆破震动监测。本文对茅台高速公路中枢隧道爆破开挖施工中产生的地表建筑震动进行监测与分析。通过现场监测掘进爆破引起的地表房屋不同位置处的地表振动速度波形,研究隧道附近的地表震动特性及其对房屋结构的影响。研究结果为现场爆破参数设计优化与施工安全管理提供了科学依据。     

轻轨隧道循环掘进爆破地震效应研究

以重庆轨道交通环线冉家坝浅埋轻轨隧道工程为背景,进行循环掘进的地表爆破震动效应试验.通过测量隧道地表不同位置处引起的振动速度波形,研究地表震动特性及爆破地震波的传播和衰减规律.试验研究分析发现,掌子面前后的地表振动速度存在显著地差异,已开挖成形隧道改变了岩体的整体结构,爆破振速存在放大效应,且放大后的爆破振速随距离的增大而减小,用常规的萨道夫公式预测成形隧道地表的振动速度误差较大,而通过编写matlab函数进行数据统计、多元线性回归分析求出广义的爆破震动速度计算公式,预测成形隧道地表振动速度误差较小.所以广义的爆破震动速度公式预测成形隧道地表振动速度值得推广.     

苛瓦线高家沟隧道微振动爆破技术研究

新建苛瓦线高家沟隧道出口段（DIK60＋590～DIK60＋710）与既有隧道线间距11.6～40m。为保证既有隧道正常行车安全,对新建和既有高家沟隧道进行支护加固并采用微振动爆破技术施工。同时采用4C型振动测试仪对隧道爆破振动进行监测,根据监测结果并结合新建隧道确定下一次爆破的参数,对爆破设计进行优化。通过合理选择爆破时差、最大装药量、微差起爆、掘进进尺、预裂爆破、震动速度等方面的振动控制技术措施,使该隧道开挖施工爆破中的既有隧道振动速度值控制在安全范围以内。最后,利用微振动爆破技术保证了高家沟隧道开挖作业安全、顺利地进行。     

硬岩浅埋中等断面隧道爆破的数值模拟与安全性分析

从经济和工艺技术方面考虑,在硬岩地区进行地铁隧道的开挖,最适合的方法就是钻爆施工方法。但是钻爆法施工产生的爆破地震效应会对地表建筑物产生较大的危害,尤其是紧贴既有建筑物的浅埋中等断面隧道。控制爆破的地震效应,就要对爆破方法进行地震效应的研究。文章采用显示动力学分析有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D对传统乳化炸药爆破方式和引进的金属膨胀剂爆破方式进行数值模拟,利用计算出爆破振动速度的时程和爆破破碎围岩的效果进行对比分析,并评价2种爆破方式的优缺点。     

岭脚隧道受断层破碎带影响区域开挖方式数值分析

隧道施工时如果遭遇断层破碎带,围岩通常较为破碎,对隧道安全施工造成很大隐患,选择科学、经济、合理的施工方案就显得尤为重要。岭脚隧道受断层破碎带影响,引发涌水、突泥地质灾害。为选取合理的开挖方式,本文通过数值模拟分析,对该隧道受断层破碎带影响区域进行不同开挖方式的模拟,通过对数据进行对比分析,得出适合该隧道的开挖方式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.