分子筛复合催化剂催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以乙酸与正丁醇为原料,催化合成乙酸正丁酯,催化剂为分子筛复合材料,考察了催化剂用量、原料比以及反应时间和反应温度对乙酸正丁酯产率的影响.结果表明,分子筛复合催化剂的催化活性良好,当催化剂用量为正丁醇质量的9%,醇酸摩尔比为1.25:1,反应温度120℃,反应时间120 min时,乙酸正丁酯的酯化率达到90%以上.     

CuO/CeO2/ZSM-5催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能的研究

以ZSM - 5分子筛为载体用浸渍法混合负载Cu、Ce ,研制出一种复氧化物分子筛催化剂MxOy/ZSM - 5(Cu、Ce) .考察了它对液相合成乙酸丁酯反应的催化活性 ,并探讨了催化剂的制备条件对催化活性的影响 ,用IR、DTA、TG、ICP、比表面仪等技术对催化剂进行表征 .结果表明 :在Cu∶Ce =3∶1,T =12 0℃ ,酸∶醇 =1∶2 ,催化剂用量为 3g ,t =6h时 ,乙酸丁酯的产率高达 96 % ,且催化剂制备成本低 ,催化剂热稳定性好 .     

磷钨酸铈/碳纳米管复合材料的合成及其催化性能

利用多壁纳米碳管(MCNTs)为载体,用浸渍法制备了负载磷钨酸铈Ce0.87H0.39PW12O40 (CePW) 的复合材料CePW/MCNTs,用X-射线粉末衍射和红外光谱进行了结构表征.该复合材料可作为合成乙酸丁酯的催化剂,且其催化活性高于单一组分的磷钨酸铈和碳纳米管.实验结果表明:在醇酸摩尔比为3:1,催化剂质量为反应物质量的 2%,反应温度为118℃,反应时间为 3h的条件下, 酯化率可达到94.03%.     

催化剂 WO3/TiO2的制备及催化合成乙酸正丁酯

制备了催化剂WO3/TiO2,研究了该催化剂在乙酸正丁酯合成中的催化性能.实验结果表明:当醇酸的物质的量比为1∶1.1,反应时间为120 min,催化剂用量为0.6g,反应温度为130℃时,酯化率达到最大值83.6%.该催化剂有良好的循环使用性.     

纳米二氧化钛催化合成乙酸丁酯的研究

以纳米TiO2为催化剂催化合成乙酸丁酯,并考察了各种因素对反应的影响。结果表明:当醇酸摩尔比为1.5:1、催化剂用量为0.8g、反应时间为2.5h、带水剂环己烷为10ml时,其酯化率可达95.8%。该催化剂具有较高的催化活性,不污染环境。     

SO2-4改性铝层柱粘土固体酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以SO2-4改性铝层柱粘土固体酸催化剂催化合成了乙酸正丁酯,考察了催化剂主要制备条件对乙酸转化率的影响.实验得乙酸正丁酯的最佳合成条件为酸醇摩尔比11.4,催化剂用量0.5 g,反应时间3 h,反应温度115～122 ℃.在此条件下,乙酸转化率可达90.2%以上,催化剂可重复使用.     

对甲苯磺酸/SiO2催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

用对甲苯磺酸／SiO2催化乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应合成了乙酸正丁酯，对反应条件进行了研究，实验结果表明对甲苯磺酸／SiO2催化剂对乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应有良好的催化活性，反应的最佳条件为：乙酸与正丁醇的摩尔比为1.0:2.0，催化剂的用量的反应物料总质量的2.5%，带水剂环乙烷为10ml，反应时间为2.0h，此时的酯化率可达98.1%，而在同样的条件下，不加催化剂时的酯化率仅为23.7%。     

SO_4~(2-)改性铝层柱粘土固体酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以SO2-4改性铝层柱粘土固体酸催化剂催化合成了乙酸正丁酯,考察了催化剂主要制备条件对乙酸转化率的影响。实验得乙酸正丁酯的最佳合成条件为:酸醇摩尔比1∶1.4,催化剂用量0.5g,反应时间3h,反应温度115～122℃。在此条件下,乙酸转化率可达90.2%以上,催化剂可重复使用。     

乙酸苄酯合成新工艺研究

用强酸性阳离子交换树脂负载Fe3 制备的催化剂用于合成乙酸苄酯,研究了在不分离产物的条件下,醇酸比,催化剂用量,反应温度等因素对乙酸转化率的影响.当催化剂用量为15%(以乙酸加入的质量计),酸醇摩尔比为1∶1,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为2.5小时,乙酸转化率为69.30%.经负载Fe3 的树脂在选择的反应条件下催化合成乙酸苄酯,其催化活性比原树脂的催化活性提高了16.66%.催化剂经8次重复使用,其催化性能未见明显降低.     

H4[PMo11VO40]催化合成乙酸丁酯

以磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂，通过乙酸和正丁醇反应合成了乙酸丁酯，并探讨了动力学条件对产率的影响。实验结果表明，H4[PMo11VO40]具有良好的催化活性，当酸醇物质的量比为2：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的0．24％，反应时间2.0h，反应温度115－120℃时，乙酸丁酯的产率可达94.2%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.