残余奥氏体的形态和分布对9SiCr工具钢强韧性的影响

本文研究了残余奥氏体对Si-Cr钢(含碳量0.9％)的冲击韧性的影响,发现深冷处理后残余奥氏体呈透镜状或膜状并沿马氏体边界分布,多冲周次N值可以提高,模具寿命也可以增加3倍以上。在深冷处理过程中残余奥氏体转变成针状马氏体,而且块状残余奥氏体被针状马氏体分割,使残余奥氏体细化。9SiCr钢经不同时间深冷处理,其冲击韧性差别很大。     

深冷处理对轴承稳定性影响的研究

研究了提高轴承稳定性的组织因素及工艺方法 .发现 :采用深冷处理可减少淬火钢中残余奥氏体含量 ,同时降低钢中点缺陷的密度 ,从而减少了影响工件尺寸变化的组织结构因素     

6W-5Mo-4Cr-2V高速钢深冷处理微观组织结构的分析

借助SEM、TEM和X-射线衍射仪研究了深冷处理对6W-5Mo-4Cr-2V高速钢微观组织结构的影响。研究表明，深冷处理不仅可使残余奥氏体减少，而且可细化马氏体孪晶，促使析出纳米级碳化物，并附着在马氏体孪晶带上，深冷处理既能提高材料的硬度，也使材料的韧性略有增加。对磨损表面进行SEM观察发现，深冷试样的磨损形貌迥异于未深冷试样，说明它们的磨损机制不同。深冷处理使6W-5Mo-4Cr-2V高速钢耐磨性提高的主要原因是马氏体孪晶的细化和碳化物的析出。     

深冷处理对EA4T车轴钢马氏体组织及短裂纹行为的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、维氏硬度计、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术等,开展深冷处理与回火顺序对EA4T车轴钢马氏体组织及其疲劳断裂性能影响的研究。研究结果表明：无论是“回火+深冷”处理还是“深冷+回火”处理,均能有效细化材料的微观组织,从而提高硬度和位错密度,但组织中含量较少的残余奥氏体无法通过深冷处理继续向马氏体转化;相对而言,经“深冷+回火”处理的试样晶粒尺寸细化效果最佳,且小角度晶界占比最多,可有效抑制裂纹的萌生;经“深冷+回火”处理后,材料微观组织对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用最强,裂纹扩展速率的下降更明显,疲劳断裂性能相对更优。     

锰钒高铬铸铁的深冷硬化行为及机理研究

采用X射线衍射、金相分析、硬度测定等方法研究了锰钒高铬铸铁经深冷处理后的硬化行为和硬化机理．结果表明，锰钒高铬铸铁在亚临界处理（400～650℃）后再深冷处理的过程中，硬度先升高后下降，其整体硬度显著高于未经深冷处理的试样．显微组织分析表明，深冷处理使锰钒高铬铸铁的残余奥氏体含量下降，马氏体含量增多，同时析出了大量的细...     

深冷及回火处理对高速钢M42组织和力学性能影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及硬度仪,研究了-196℃深冷处理与常规热处理工艺组合对M42高速钢微观组织及硬度的影响,所采用的组合工艺包括:淬火+深冷处理,淬火+深冷处理+回火,淬火+回火+深冷处理.结果表明:淬火后深冷处理24h的工艺能明显细化晶粒,提高M42高速钢的硬度,促进残余奥氏体向马氏体转变及碳化物析出并弥散分布,并改变了马氏体的形态.在回火前对M42钢进行深冷处理可降低二次硬化回火温度,峰值温度由525℃降至450℃,硬度值为998.2HV,较未深冷处理提高了5.0%.回火后深冷处理工艺对M42高速钢组织及硬度的影响不明显.     

65Nb钢冷镦模具回火组织变化与耐磨性的关系

基体钢(65Nb)冷镦模具经超低温工艺处理后微观组织发生了变化,即从回火马氏体中析出碳化物微粒,残余奥氏体转变成马氏体并析出微细碳化物。这种组织变化可显著提高模具的耐磨性和冲击韧度,因而也大大延长了模具的使用寿命     

回火40CrNiMo钢的穆斯堡尔谱学研究

40CrNiMo 钢在回火过程中要发生一系列的组织结构变化,用穆斯堡尔谱学定量研究了40CrNiMo 钢在回火过程中的这一变化,实验结果表明,300℃和 500℃回火处理的40CrNiMo 钢的室温组织为回火马氏体、残余奥氏体和θ型碳化物的混合组织,随回火温度升高,钢中的残余奥氏体含量明显降低。     

高碳钢与球墨铸铁的两体磨粒磨损和基体显微组织的特性关系

基体组织对材料的性能有重要影响．本文以高锰钢、高碳低铬钢（ＧＣｒ１５）、球墨铸铁为试验材料，研究了不同热处理条件下获得的非平衡基体组织试样的碳化硅两体磨损特性．结果表明，在所试验的马氏体、马氏体十残余奥氏体、单相奥氏体以及贝氏体＋马氏体＋奥氏体复合基体中，以淬火马氏体最耐磨，贝氏体复合组织的耐磨性仅与高锰钢单相奥氏体相当．适当地增加残余奥氏体含量．即提高淬火温度可提高马氏体基体组织的耐磨性．     

形变过程中TRIP效应的相变热动态研究

采用拉伸与测温试验同时进行的方法,将应力应变曲线与热能曲线相结合,动态研究热轧TRIP钢拉伸过程中的相变热.研究表明:热轧TRIP钢在拉伸过程中材料增加的热能由部分转变的塑性功和马氏体相变热组成,因此,拉伸过程中实际测得的试样热能高于由塑性功转变的热能.利用平均综合热能损失系数对低速拉伸的TRIP钢的热能进行补充,通过计算与推导,证实了试样在刚进入塑性变形时,一定数量的较不稳定残余奥氏体首先集中发生马氏体相变,随着应变的进一步加大,剩余的较稳定的残余奥氏体根据其稳定情况发生马氏体相变的数量逐渐减少,在试样均匀延伸结束前绝大部分残余奥氏体已转变为马氏体.结合相变热变化可动态描述热轧TRIP钢形变过程中马氏体相变的情况.     

Influence of soaking time in deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-alloy medium-carbon HY-TUF steel

The influence of soaking time in deep cryogenic treatment on the tensile and impact properties of low-alloy medium-carbon HY-TUF steel was investigated in this study. Microstructural studies based on phase distribution mapping by electron backscatter diffraction show that the deep cryogenic process causes a decrease in the content of retained austenite and an increase in the volume fraction of η-carbide with increasing soaking time up to 48 h. The decrease in the content of retained austenite from ~1.23vol% to 0.48vol% suggests an isothermal martensitic transformation at 77 K. The η-type precipitates formed in deep cryogenic-treated martensite over 48 h have the Hirotsu and Nagakura orientation relation with the martensitic matrix. Furthermore, a high coherency between η-carbide and the martensitic matrix is observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The variations in macrohardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility with soaking time in the deep cryogenic process show a peak/plateau trend.     

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the properties of 80CrMo12 5 tool steel

The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of 80CrMo12 5 tool steel was investigated. Moreover, the effects of stabilization (holding at room temperature for some periods before deep cryogenic treatment) and tempering before deep cryogenic treatment were studied. The results show that deep cryogenic treatment can eliminate the retained austenite, making a better carbide distribution and a higher carbide amount. As a result, a remarkable improvement in wear resistance of cryogenically treated specimens is observed. Moreover, the ultimate tensile strength increases, and the toughness of the sample decreases. It is also found that both stabilization and tempering before deep cryogenic treatment decrease the wear resistance, hardness, and carbides homogeneity compared to the deep cryogenically treated samples. It is concluded that deep cryogenic treatment should be performed without any delay on samples after quenching to reach the highest wear resistance and hardness.     

深冷处理中钢铁基质强化的物理机理

提出深冷处理中钢铁基质强化的物理机制，用热力学的吉布斯函数判据，证明适当的冷处理过程中可以使钢铁中马氏体转变完全或成分增加，同时也讨论了马氏体形核过程的影响。     

Effect of cryogenic rolling and annealing on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel

Metastable 304 austenitic stainless steel was subjected to rolling at cryogenic and room temperatures, followed by annealing at different temperatures from 500 to 950℃. Phase transition during annealing was studied using X-ray diffractometry. Transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction were used to characterize the martensite transformation and the distribution of austenite grain size after annealing. The recrystallization mechanism during cryogenic rolling was a reversal of martensite into austenite and austenite growth. Cryogenic rolling followed by annealing refined grains to 4.7 μm compared with 8.7 μm achieved under room-temperature rolling, as shown by the electron backscattered diffraction images. Tensile tests showed significantly improved mechanical properties after cryogenic rolling as the yield strength was enhanced by 47% compared with room-temperature rolling.     

9Cr5MoV钢的磁性分析与深冷处理

采用SLX-80深冷处理系统对9Cr5MoV钢进行冷处理,采用综合物理测试系统的振动样品磁强计选件(PPMS-VSM)测试样品的室温磁性。钢在930℃淬火态、-80℃和-120℃冷处理态,样品中残余奥氏体含量分别为13.5%,11.7%和10.1%,深冷处理(-120℃)较冷处理(-80℃)能更有效地减少钢中残余奥氏体。950℃淬火态钢测得最大硬度值(65HRC),淬火后-120℃深冷处理可使钢的硬度值提高至66HRC。950℃淬火再140℃低温回火后,-120℃深冷处理可使钢的硬度提高约1HRC。