聚甘油单硬脂酸酯乳化二甲基硅油及乳液表征

用聚甘油单硬脂酸酯复配乳化1 Pa.s的二甲基硅油,考察复配乳化剂的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)对乳液体积平均粒径、乳液黏度、乳液离心稳定性的影响以及乳液的耐高温稳定性。结果表明:复配乳化剂HLB值对乳液体积平均粒径、黏度、离心稳定性的影响显著,选择高聚合度的亲水型乳化剂和高聚合度的亲油型乳化剂进行复配乳化,有利于形成稳定的硅油乳液。最佳乳化条件为乳化剂(二聚甘油单硬酯和八聚甘油单硬脂酸酯,HLB=10.5)、硅油和水的质量比为7∶23∶70。在最佳乳化条件下制得的乳液体积平均粒径为8.06μm,黏度为387 mPa.s,固相质量分数差为2.91%。乳液高温稳定性良好,在110℃保持5 h,乳液体积平均粒径增大至11.63μm,固相质量分数差增大至6.12%。     

钢冷轧乳化液稳定性及对冷轧润滑的影响

研究了影响不同类型乳化液稳定性的因素,包括乳化剂的比例和总含量对阴离子乳化油稳定性的影响,乳化剂的HLB值(Hydrophile Lipophile Balance)和总量对非离子乳化油稳定性的影响.研究发现乳化剂的比例和乳化剂的HLB值对乳化油和乳化液的稳定性影响明显.通过研究不同浓度下乳化液的稳定性对其吸附性和摩擦系数的影响发现:乳化液的稳定性在一定范围内时,其润滑效果可达到最佳.在冷轧实验中也发现:应根据冷轧的实际规程和要求来选择乳化液的稳定性和合适的含量,以便使冷轧高效正常地进行.     

基于硬脂酸丁酯乳液的球形相变微胶囊的制备

采用三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为壁材,硬脂酸丁酯为芯材,通过原位聚合法制备相变微胶囊.通过正交试验方法研究乳化剂用量、HLB值、乳化温度及乳化时间对硬脂酸丁酯乳液的影响,确定最佳乳化条件.采用激光粒径分布仪、FT-IR、SEM、DSC表征乳化液形貌、稳定性和相变微胶囊的结构、形貌以及热性能.结果表明:当复配乳化剂的HLB值=11,乳化时间为20min,乳化温度为70℃,乳化剂用量为10%,搅拌速度为4 000r/min,硬脂酸丁酯乳液的稳定性最好,以此乳液制备的微胶囊呈规则球状,结构致密,分散均匀,平均粒径3μm;相变温度为20.4℃,相变潜热为87.81J/g.     

高熔点聚乙烯蜡微乳液的制备及其性能

针对聚乙烯蜡难乳化,过程复杂,所得微乳液蜡含量低的问题,选用Span80和OP-6复配作为乳化剂,系统研究了乳化剂HLB值、乳含量、乳化时间、固含量、剪切速率等对聚乙烯蜡微乳液性能的影响。通过测定粒径分布、离心法和静置法等研究了所得微乳液的性能,研究结果表明,乳化温度为130℃,乳化剂HLB值为10.5,乳化剂含量为9.6%,乳化时间为30 min,蜡含量30%,剪切速率为1000 r/min时,所得聚乙烯蜡微乳液的粒径最小(1.2μm)、稳定性最好,在3000 r/min时离心10 min或在室温下静置90 d,所得样品不分层且无任何变化。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的乳化性和流变性

基于Davies的乳化理论,推导了辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠（SSOS）的亲水-亲油平衡（HLB）值,研究了SSOS的乳化性质和流变性质.结果表明：不同取代度SSOS的HLB值都大于10,SSOS为亲水性乳化剂;SSOS具有较好的乳化能力,能稳定水包油型乳浊液,其乳化能力随着DE值提高而增强,但乳化稳定性有所降低;SSOS在高浓度下具有较低的粘度,且随着剪切速率的升高粘度有所降低.     

煤油/水体系乳状液的制备及其稳定性研究

以Span80(山梨糖醇酐油酸酯)和Tween80(聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)作为复配乳化剂,利用高速剪切法制备了含油率(v/v)为5%~50%的煤油/水乳状液.以油水分层效率和乳状液液滴的粒度分布及其平均粒径(D4,3)作为乳状液的稳定性评价指标,考察了HLB值、沉降时间、含油率、乳化剂含量、搅拌时间、搅拌转速对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明:在Span80-Tween80-煤油-水体系中,制备水包煤油乳状液的最佳复配HLB值为12.0:提高乳化剂的含量和油水比、延长搅拌时间、提高搅拌转速均可以降低乳状液的平均粒径(D4,3),减少油水分层效率,从而提高乳状液的稳定性,其中乳化剂含量对乳状液的稳定性影响最大.     

沥青乳化剂及沥青乳液性能研究

测定了 4种沥青乳化剂的临界胶束浓度、临界胶束浓度下的表面张力以及沥青乳液的油水界面张力和 ζ电位。考察了胜华 10 0 # 道路沥青的最佳乳化工艺条件以及水中阴、阳离子对油水界面 ζ电位的影响。研究结果表明 ,乳化剂的性质是决定乳化效果及沥青乳液基本性质的主要因素 ,乳化剂水溶液 pH值对乳化效果的影响比乳化剂浓度和乳化温度的影响大。乳化沥青油水界面张力越低 ,ζ电位越高 ,乳状液的稳定性越好     

叶黄素油悬液的制备工艺研究

对乳化法制备叶黄素油悬液的配方组成及制备工艺进行研究.选择乳化剂种类、乳化剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间和乳化转速为参数,以叶黄素油悬浮液稳定系数R值为稳定性评价指标,优化叶黄素油悬液的制备工艺.结果表明:以卵磷脂和单硬脂酸甘油脂(质量比1∶1)复配作为乳化剂、乳化剂添加量4%(质量百分比)、乳化温度65℃、乳化转速16 000 r.min-1和乳化时间30 min时制备的产品稳定性最佳,静置6个月未发现析油分层的现象,并且色泽无明显变化.     

丙烯酰胺—丙烯酸反相乳状液稳定性研究

详细讨论了复合乳化剂体系、亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)、油水相比例、乳化温度和乳化速度等对丙烯酰胺—丙烯酸反相乳状液稳定性的影响,得到了能使乳状液稳定的条件,为进一步探讨乳状液的稳定机理提供了参考。     

重油乳化及其催化裂化反应研究

将重油乳化成W/O乳液,作为催化裂化原料油,在二次雾化和分子解聚作用下,可显著改善原料油雾化状况,降低结焦,提高轻油收率;研究了乳化剂的单剂筛选和复配;对乳化油、普通重油的催化裂化反应行为进行了考察.结果表明Span(S-1)具有较好的乳化性能,乳化剂的复配能增加乳化原料油的稳定性;与普通重油相比,乳化重油催化裂化反应温度可低10℃,轻油收率提高了1.2～5.6个百分点,而焦炭产率则较低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.