温度在饲育条件下对Semisulcopira decipiens的产仔数和稚贝生长的影响

在饲育条件下研究了S．decipiens的产仔数和稚贝生长及与水温的关系。结果表明:水温在上升期和下降期,新生贝和稚贝的生长速度较快,产仔数也较多,成体贝在水温17℃-31℃时,都可以产生新生贝,以21℃-25℃时产出较多,在高温条件下,成体贝的生长速度缓慢。     

等边浅蛤人工育苗试验初报

2006年6月～2007年1月,对等边浅蛤的人工繁殖、胚胎发育和幼虫培育、变态附着及稚贝培育进行了研究。结果表明:等边浅蛤胚胎繁殖盛期是每年的7~8月,在盐度20～25,水温24～29℃,pH8.0的条件下,受精卵经过15h发育成D形幼虫。盐度20～25,水温24～29℃时,胚胎的孵化率和D形率最高。温度和盐度对幼虫的生长发育影响明显,浮游幼虫生长最适温度为24～29℃,最适盐度为20～25,34℃试验组,幼虫几乎不能存活,19℃组存活率最高,但生长速度慢于24℃组。幼虫在盐度15～25时存活率最高,但盐度20～25时生长速度最快,在盐度35时,幼虫几乎不能存活。研究发现金藻和角毛藻是等边浅蛤浮游幼虫生长的适宜饵料。     

盐度对岐脊加夫蛤幼虫与稚贝的影响

叙述盐度对岐脊加夫蛤Ｇａｆｒａｉｕｍｄｉｖａｒｉｃａｔｕｍ（Ｇｍｅｌｉｎ）幼虫及不同大小稚贝（壳长０．８～１．４ｍｍ）生长和存活的影响．水温３０±１℃时，加夫蛤幼虫阶段的适盐范围为１９．９３‰～３３．２２‰，最适盐度为２２．５９‰．其下限和上限分别为１５．９５‰和３８．５３‰，其存活率低于３０％．水温２５±１℃时，稚贝Ⅰ（壳长０．８～１ｍｍ）适盐度范围为１９．９３‰～３３．２２‰，最适盐度为２２．５９‰；较大稚贝Ⅱ（壳长１．３～１．４ｍｍ）适盐范围为１５．９５‰～３８．５３‰，最适盐度为２５．２４‰，其下限和上限分别为９．３０‰和４５．１７‰．     

室内饲育西伯利亚鲟的血清性类固醇激素的周年变化

利用放射免疫方法对比观测了室内饲育4龄西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)亚成体和9～11龄西伯利亚鲟的成体血清睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)的周年变化规律，并对4龄西伯利亚鲟亚成体的性腺发育状况进行了组织学检测，以期为西伯利亚鲟后备亲鱼培育和全人工繁殖提供参考数据．结果表明，4龄西伯利亚鲟亚成体的血清性类固醇激素水平与成体接近，T在9—10月份和3月份较高，E2在8—9月份较高．成体雄性西伯利亚鲟，T在排精前升高，排精时仍保持较高值；E2全年较低。雌性西伯利亚鲟，T在产卵前升高，临近产卵和产卵时降为较低值；E2在产卵前一年10—11月份较高，临近产卵和产卵时降为较低值。4龄西伯利亚鲟的性腺成熟系数雄性为4．1％～9．7％，雌性为8．2％～14．5％．组织学观察结果雄性个体的精巢已发育到Ⅲ或Ⅳ期，精巢中有少量成熟精子出现；雌性个体的卵巢发育处于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期，最大卵母细胞直径达到2.Omm。综合以上结果判断，室内饲育4龄西伯利亚鲟雄性个体已接近性成熟，而雌性个体尚未达到性成熟。     

白斑狗鱼池塘养殖技术

白斑狗鱼是新疆额尔齐斯河水系特有鱼种，属冷水性、大型凶猛鱼类。适应水温0～30℃，最佳生长水温23～28℃。生长速度快，在活鱼饵料充足的条件下，当年150～300g的苗种，只需80天养殖即可长成550～1000g的商品鱼。天然水体中白斑狗鱼体重最大可达40kg。     

礁膜配子体生长发育与温度、光照的关系

自然海区生长的礁膜幼体，在秋季水温２０～２１℃时开始出现。１至２月份，水温低，礁膜幼体生长缓慢，３月份，水温上升，是礁膜生长的盛期，４月下旬至５月上旬，当海区水温上升至２０～２１℃时，礁膜的营养细胞开始转化形成配子囊，是礁膜繁殖的盛期。室内培养结果与此大致相同，也是水温１５℃以上时，礁膜配子体出现生长高峰，水温２０～２１℃，光照３０００～４０００１ｘ时，有利于礁膜配子体形成大量配子囊。本文还讨论了水温、光照与礁膜配子体生长发育的关系。     

温度对秋冬季生殖真鲷胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼存活的影响

秋冬季生殖的真鲷胚胎发育的适宜水温低于２７℃而高于１５℃，最适水温在２４～１８℃范围之内；胚胎发育的生物学零度是１０．６℃，胚胎发育时间与水温呈显著的负相关关系，仔、稚鱼对降温的适应能力与其个体大小，起止温度高低正相关，而与水温的下降速度、下降幅度负相关，水温低于１５℃时容易出现仔、稚鱼大量死亡。     

球石藻在不同温度和盐度下产二甲基硫（DMS）的研究

研究实验室培养条件下，温度和盐度对球石藻（Emiliania huxleyi Hay and Mohler）释放到水体中的二甲基硫（DMS）含量的影响．结果表明：培养盐度为40和30时，藻细胞释放到水中的DMS的量增多（0．08ng／cell）；而盐度为35时，释放量仅为0．04ng／cell．E．huxleyi在12℃、18℃和24℃培养下的DMS释放量分别为0．02、0．04和0．12ng／cell．较高的温度加快了E．huxleyi的生长速度，促进细胞裂解速度，使细胞在较短的时间内释放出较多的DMSP，并最终裂解为DMS，E．huxleyi在藻细胞整个生长周期中，DMS的大量出现几乎都在指数生长后期至衰亡期，这与DMSP向DMS转变的一系列复杂的生化过程有关．     

虾夷扇贝在浙江南麂列岛生长与生存的适温性研究

对虾夷扇贝在浙江南麂列岛海区的生长与生存适温性进行了研究分析。养殖方式为延绳式笼养,试验用贝平均壳高6.21 cm,平均体重为31.8 g。试验结果表明:最适生长水温范围17.1～20.3℃,第二适宜生长水温范围14.1～17.1℃。壳高日增长率(H)与水温(T)存在二次多项式关系H=-0.002 8 T2 0.102 5 T-0.788,R2=0.957 2,由此求得最适生长水温为18.6℃。耐温上限试验得死亡率(P)与水温(T)的关系为T=-0.000 3 P2 0.050 2 P 23.791,求得最高正常生活水温为23.8℃。连续3 d水温达25.0℃时,日死亡率为3.17%,累积死亡率为13.5%;连续3 d水温为25.5℃时,日死亡率为15.3%,累积死亡率为59.5%。该研究结果能为今后南方海区虾夷扇贝规模化商业性养殖提供重要参考。     

饰纹姬蛙早期胚胎发育的研究

研究了饰纹姬蛙（Ｍｉｃｒｏｈｙｌａｏｒｎａｔａ）的早期胚胎发育．经雌雄成体腹腔注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ，促使其抱对、产卵．受精卵在水温２７±０．５℃的条件下进行培养．结果表明：在我国的蛙类中，饰纹姬蛙是早期胚胎发育最为迅速的种类之一；胚体纵轴伸长出现在原肠末期；在鳃循环期即可明显地观察到尾循环；出水孔的形成始于鳃盖完成时的腹中部，并逐渐移向腹后部．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the