SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢，分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理，并分别利用金相显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察，测定了CCT曲线，淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织，等温淬火得到贝氏体组织，锻造空冷状态下得到的以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织，经300℃回火，无渗碳体析出。     

热处理工艺对高碳贝氏体钢组织与力学性能的影响

借助OM、SEM、XRD等手段,对比研究了一步、两步等温贝氏体转变工艺及QPB(淬火+配分+贝氏体转变)工艺对高碳贝氏体钢(w(C)=0.79%)显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用一步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理试验钢时,当等温温度同为250℃,随着保温时间的延长,钢中贝氏体转变越充分,块状残余奥氏体尺寸降低,组织更为均匀细小;而在较低温度下(200℃)等温处理时,钢中残余奥氏体含量显著降低,贝氏体铁素体板条更细小,材料的强度和硬度提高,而塑性和韧性下降。两步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理(250℃×24 h+200℃×72 h)的试验钢中贝氏体铁素体板条平均尺寸约为82 nm,残余奥氏体体积分数为21.4%,获得了最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度达到2040 MPa,伸长率为12.5%,冲击韧性为21 J。QPB工艺提高了贝氏体转变速率,大大缩短了热处理时间,最终得到马氏体+贝氏体铁素体+残余奥氏体的组织,试验钢同时也获得了良好的强度和塑韧性。     

70Si3Mn钢中无碳化物贝氏体组织及其性能研究

70Si3Mn钢是传统的弹簧钢,其常规热处理工艺是油淬后中温回火得到屈氏体组织。本文对70Si3Mn钢进行等温淬火处理获得无碳化物贝氏体组织,比较了其经不同温度等温淬火处理后的组织与力学性能,并对其耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明,70Si3Mn钢在Ms以上10~30℃等温可得到无碳化物贝氏体组织,该组织由厚度为160 nm的贝氏体铁素体板条和残余奥氏体薄膜组成,它具有较高的强度和硬度、高的塑性和韧性等优异的综合力学性能,同时具有较好的耐磨性。     

全贝氏体球墨铸铁中残余奥氏体的测定

球墨铸铁在较高的温度下进行等温淬火处理可得到基体中几乎没有残余奥氏体的全贝氏体球墨铸铁,本文介绍了测定等温淬火球墨铸铁中残余奥氏体的一种方法.     

轴承钢马氏体等温处理的研究

本文研究了 GCr15轴承铜在马氏体相变开始温度(Ms)以下不同温度进行等温时,淬火钢的相变过程、显微组织和力学性能。GCr15轴承铜在 Ms 温度以下不同温度与不同时间等温淬火后淬火铜的组成相是:变温马氏体、贝氏体、残留奥氏体和未溶碳化物。未观察到等温马氏体组织。未溶碳化物的量不变,变温马氏体的体积比随着等温温度的降低而增大,贝氏体和残留奥氏体的体积比则随等温温度的降低或等温时间的缩短而减少。等温后冷却时形成的变温马氏体的板条尺寸减小并细化了马氏体的领域。力学性能的测定结果表明:与普通淬火钢相比,经220℃马氏体等温淬火钢的强度提高一倍,冲击值提高近五倍,达到强韧性的最佳配合。此外,220℃马氏体等温淬火钢的接触疲劳寿命亦比普通淬火、回火钢有提高。对于力学性能的改善,从显微组织因素作出了解释。     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

等温温度对超细贝氏体钢组织演变规律的影响

通过热膨胀试验研究实验钢的等温转变动力学,采用盐浴等温淬火工艺制备超细贝氏体组织,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪定量分析工艺参数对微观组织结构的影响.结果显示:实验钢室温组织由大量超细板条状贝氏体铁素体和板条间分布的薄膜状奥氏体的复相组织构成,210℃等温淬火得到的贝氏体板条间距细化到约60 nm,硬度约为HBW610;实验钢的最终组织特征取决于发生贝氏体转变的等温温度和等温时间,等温温度越低时贝氏体转变完成需要的等温时间越长.     

中低合金钢板条马氏体和下贝氏体的晶体学相似性

评述了板条马氏体和下贝氏体相变晶体学的研究进展.利用透射电子显微镜定向倾转方法测定了中低合金钢板条马氏体和下贝氏体的晶体学特征.结果表明相邻平行下贝氏体板条绕公共密排晶面{110}b法线相对旋转54.7°或60°,因此使相邻板条呈近似{112}b孪晶关系,所有贝氏体变体与奥氏体保持固定的G-T位向关系;平行的板条马氏体间以及板条马氏体与奥氏体间的位向关系与下贝氏体的完全相同.用"双edge-on"方法精确测得板条马氏体及下贝氏体的惯习面均为{335}f型.中低合金钢中板条马氏体和下贝氏体的晶体学特征具有相似性.     

瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢的组织演变规律

为了探究瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢组织的演变规律,在热模拟机上对Q195和CR340试样进行了瞬时淬火处理.结果表明,瞬时淬火工艺初期得到马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+未溶渗碳体的复杂混合组织;保温足够时间后,未溶渗碳体逐渐溶解使奥氏体平均碳浓度升高,奥氏体晶粒内碳浓度梯度减小,从而增加组织中马氏体相对量,最终得到全部板条马氏体组织.瞬时淬火工艺与传统淬火工艺相比可明显细化试验钢晶粒尺寸,提高升温速率对试验钢晶粒细化作用更明显.     

奥氏体-贝氏体复相组织形态的研究

在60Si2MnA钢等温淬火工艺和性能研究的基础上,用MEF-3型金相显微镜和JEM-200CX型透射电子显微镜对等温转变产物的组织形态进行了观察研究。并用Rigku D/maxⅢB型X-射线衍射仪测定了样品的残余奥氏体体积分数。实验结果表明,奥氏体-贝氏体复相组织强韧性好的原因在于含有一定数量的残余奥氏体和变态贝氏体组织,且贝氏作为无碳化物贝氏体。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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