高速公路拓宽工程中填筑材料对新老路堤变形特性的影响

为解决填挖交界路基非均匀沉降,在填土中分层铺设土工格网等土工加筋材料.基于非线性弹塑性Drucker-Prager模型,采用有限元参数分析方法,结合现场沉降观测资料,探讨路堤填筑材料物理参数对新老路堤附加变形、差异沉降、路堤横坡变化影响规律及土工格栅处治交界处路基非均匀沉降机理.研究结果表明:填筑体压缩模量高且密度低,有利于改善新老路堤不均匀变形和差异沉降的状况;黏聚力c对拓宽路堤竖向附加变形影响较比摩擦角φ大;土工格栅对减小路堤表面的竖向变形效果并不明显,但能有效提高新路堤安全系数及新老路堤的整体稳定性.     

考虑c-φ回填土坡面倾角影响的挡土墙非线性主动土压力研究

为研究挡土墙后回填土坡面倾角对挡土墙主动土压力的影响,首先基于莫尔圆推导了任意深度处土体滑裂面倾角的理论公式,进而建立回填土非线性滑裂面离散方程.随后考虑回填土重度、黏聚力、内摩擦角以及墙-土界面黏聚力、墙-土界面摩擦角的影响,在非线性滑裂面基础上采用薄层单元法推导了考虑坡面倾角影响的非线性主动土压力递推公式.案例对比表明理论计算结果与实测值吻合很好,验证了理论的正确性;同时,该理论克服了传统的郎肯及库伦法无法求解回填土坡面倾角大于回填土内摩擦角的情况.参数分析结果表明:挡土墙主动土压力合力E_a随着回填土坡面倾角与回填土内摩擦角之间比值的增加而呈非线性增加,并在该比值的临界处达到主动土压力合力最大值E_(a, max);随后E_a随着该比值的增加而快速衰减,这是由于过大的坡面倾角使得土体产生塑性流动破坏.E_(a, max)随着回填土内摩擦角、重度及挡土墙高度的增加而增加,而其他参数对E_(a, max)影响非常小;坡面倾角与回填土内摩擦角临界比值随着回填土黏聚力的增加以及回填土内摩擦角、重度及挡土墙高度的减小而增加.     

泡沫轻质土路堤稳定性分析及材料参数控制标准

为了系统分析影响泡沫轻质土路堤稳定性的因素,运用ANSYS软件,采用有限元强度折减法,对泡沫轻质土密度、粘聚力以及内摩擦角对泡沫轻质土路堤稳定性的影响进行了敏感性分析,并对比分析了泡沫轻质土路堤与普通土路堤的稳定性。分析结果表明,泡沫轻质土密度和粘聚力是影响其路堤稳定性的两个主要因素;当泡沫轻质土设计密度小于600kg/m~3、粘聚力达到60kPa以上时,对于不同高度的路堤,其安全系数均大于普通土路堤,且能满足16m高路堤稳定性要求。在此基础上,提出采用设计密度为600,800,1 100kg/m~3的泡沫轻质土填筑不同高度路堤时的泡沫轻质土粘聚力控制标准。     

南阳黄褐土力学特性实验研究

运用应变控制式直剪仪,对不同含水率及粗颗粒砂含量的南阳重塑黄褐土开展直剪实验,分析含水率、粗颗粒砂含量对土体抗剪强度、黏聚力及内摩擦角的影响;实验结果表明:抗剪强度都随着垂直压力的增大而增大;随着含水率的增加而降低;黏聚力、内摩擦角随土样的含水率的增加而减少;含水率低于16%,对内摩擦角影响较小;在16~22%间,含水率对内摩擦角影响明显;含水率大于22%,含水率对内摩擦角影响较小。黄褐土含水率在15%情况下,粗颗粒砂含量影响对其力学特性影响明显:黄褐土和砂粒的含量分别为60%和40%时,重塑土的抗剪强度达到最大值;粗砂粒含量由20%增加到60%,由粗颗粒砂与黄褐土组成混合体的粘聚力迅速减小到最小;粗砂粒含量由60%增加到80%,混合体的粘聚力迅速增加,其粘聚力在砂粒含量60%达最低;砂粒含量由20%增加到50%,其內摩擦角迅速增加到最大,砂粒含量由50%增加到80%,其內摩擦角迅速降低到32.92°。     

考虑土拱效应的盾构隧道开挖面稳定性

在考虑松动土体内的三维土拱效应和开挖土体与刀盘摩擦力的基础上,改进了传统的筒仓楔形体模型计算方法.结果表明:最小土压应力并不是传统方法假设的均匀分布形式,而是近似呈抛物线分布;土的黏聚力、内摩擦角、刀盘与松动土体间的摩擦角以及埋深等物理参数对其最小土压应力均有一定程度的影响;降低刀盘与开挖面土体间的摩擦角可以显著增加开挖面的极限稳定性.通过与模型试验结果和其他计算方法的对比分析,验证了本文计算方法的合理性.     

考虑土拱效应和黏聚力的倾斜挡墙非极限主动土压力

根据已有的非极限土体参数与墙体侧向位移和极限土体参数的关系,以及非极限滑裂土体的莫尔应力圆,获得非极限主动土压力的土压力系数,然后根据非极限微元滑裂土体的竖向和水平向静力平衡条件,获得考虑了土拱效应、墙背倾角、墙体侧向位移、墙土摩擦角、黏聚力等影响的墙背非极限主动土压力计算公式.墙背法向非极限主动土压力沿墙高的分布呈非线性,随墙体侧向位移比的增加而减小;墙背填土非极限临界深度随墙体侧向位移比的增加而增加,随非极限墙土摩擦角的增加而减小.     

饱和软土场地格栅加筋路堤地震动力响应分析

为探讨饱和软土场地中格栅加筋路堤地震动力响应特性规律,基于大型通用有限元分析软件ADINA,建立了饱和软土地基上格栅加筋路堤的数值分析模型,研究了布筋方式、筋材弹性模量与间距及路堤填料性质对格栅加筋路堤地震动力响应的影响规律.结果表明:增大筋材弹性模量可有效提升路堤动力稳定性,且筋材越靠近路堤底部其效果越显著;随着加筋层数增加,加筋效果提升率有所衰减;增加填料摩擦角和填料黏聚力可提高加筋路堤动力性能,但填料土性参数达到一定幅值后,其变化所引起动力性能提升效果降低.     

基于强度折减理论的加筋土边坡稳定性分析

结合有限元软件ABAQUS和强度折减理论,通过对均质路堤边坡进行数值模拟,分别对土质边坡以及加筋土边坡进行敏感性分析,研究了边坡的几何参数、土体强度和刚度、筋材埋置深度和间距以及长度对边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:土体黏聚力对边坡安全系数影响最为显著,其次是土体的内摩擦角、边坡比、筋材的长度和间距;筋材铺设在潜在滑移面,即素土边坡塑性破坏区域,能够很好地限制坡体的滑移,有效提高边坡的稳定性.     

黏粒含量对砂土强度和压缩特性的影响

利用四联直剪仪和高压固结仪,研究膨润土和高岭土含量对漓江砂土的强度和压缩特性的影响。试验结果表明:膨润土和高岭土对砂土的强度存在不同的影响,不同的黏粒含量对砂土强度影响略有不同。黏聚力随着黏粒含量的增加而增加,摩擦角与黏粒含量并非呈单调关系,而呈抛物线型;存在一个黏粒的含量使得砂土的摩擦角最小,并且这个值为10%~15%。固结试验中,黏粒含量对砂土压缩性的影响很大,相同初始孔隙比下加载导致的最小孔隙比并不一致,随黏粒含量增加最小孔隙比先增大先减小;同时,黏粒成分不同,最小孔隙比也不同。高岭土黏粒对砂土的回弹指数基本上没有什么影响,而膨润土在黏粒含量小于5%时也没影响,但黏粒含量超过5%时回弹曲线非线性。     

高速公路煤矸石路基包边土厚度分析

为确定煤矸石路基包边土的合理厚度,通过分析煤矸石填筑路基成型过程,建立了具有包边土的煤矸石路基简化有限元模型,分析了不同包边土厚度对煤矸石路基包边土内竖向最大压应力及竖向最大剪应力的影响规律,研究了包边土厚度对煤矸石路基中心沉降量、煤矸石路基边缘沉降量、包边土边缘沉降以及包边土差异沉降、路基最大差异沉降的影响程度。结果表明:路基高度相同时,包边土内竖向最大压应力及竖向最大剪应力随包边土厚度增加而增大,当路基高度小于5m时,内力受包边土厚度影响相对较小;包边土厚度变化对煤矸石路基中心沉降量、煤矸石路基边缘沉降量及包边土边缘沉降量影响较小,对包边土差异沉降量影响较大,随着厚度增加,差异沉降逐渐增大,但差异沉降量均在1.5 cm以内。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.