聚苯乙烯改性纤维素纳米晶体对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯热稳定性的增强作用

采用原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)在纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)表面接枝聚苯乙烯,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)对改性前后的纤维素纳米晶体的化学结构和热稳定性进行了研究。测试结果表明,聚苯乙烯可成功地接枝到纤维素纳米晶体的表面; 纤维素纳米晶体的热分解温度由150 ℃上升到220 ℃,改性后纤维素纳米晶体的热稳定性得到提高。采用溶液浇铸法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/纤维素纳米晶体复合材料(PMMA/CNC),并利用TGA、透光率测试对复合材料热稳定性和透光率进行了研究。结果表明,当温度达到350 ℃时,PMMA/CNC的热分解温度比纯PMMA提高了近150 ℃, CNC的加入量为1%时,复合材料的透光率为89%,接近纯PMMA的透光率(91%)。聚苯乙烯改性纤维素纳米晶体可用于在保持PMMA透明性的前提下更好地改善PMMA复合材料的热稳定性。     

沉淀白炭黑的表面改性及其填充ABS复合材料的性能

采用硼酸酯偶联剂干法改性沉淀白炭黑,并将此改性沉淀白炭黑(SiO2-EB)填充于丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共聚物中制备复合材料(SiO2-EB/ABS).运用FE-SEM观察到经过硼酸酯处理的沉淀白炭黑的分散性较改性前的明显改善,即单个颗粒间黏结团聚明显降低.通过FT-IR和TGA手段证实在沉淀白炭黑表面存在部分偶联的硼酸酯分子.通过对复合材料力学性能和热性能的测试表明,改性沉淀白炭黑在ABS塑料中最佳填充范围在7.5%～10.0%,其中填充10.0%时复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度比未改性的填充复合物分别提高了18.1%和40.2%.随着改性沉淀白炭黑的填充以及填充量的增加(5.0%、7.5%、10.0%、20.0%),所得复合材料的分解温度由纯ABS的410.3℃逐渐提高到416.6℃(改性沉淀白炭黑填充量达10.0%),材料耐热性能有所增强.对于复合材料拉伸断面的表观形貌,FE-SEM观察结果显示改性沉淀白炭黑在ABS复合材料中分散性能良好,填充量达到20.0%时仍然无明显团聚,且与ABS基材界面相容性良好.     

PVA／MMT纳米复合材料的制备及性能表征

采用溶液插层-流延成膜法,以聚乙烯醇和钠质蒙脱土为原料,制备出不同蒙脱土含量的PVA／MMT纳米复合材料薄膜,采用XRD,FTIR,SEM对纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征,并用TGA测试了纳米复合材料的热性能,同时,测试了纳米复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能。XRD测试结果表明,复合材料中的蒙脱土的片层间距显著增大,表明PVA分子进入了蒙脱土片层之间。FT—IR分析可以看出,蒙脱土的加入使PVA中C—O的伸缩振动峰变弱。SEM观察到纳米复合材料断裂时裂纹的微观结构。TGA测试表明,纳米复合材料的热分解温度比纯PVA有较大提高。该纳米复合材料具有良好的力学性能和耐水性,可作为一种新型的包装材料。     

PA66/纳米MgO复合材料的性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙66(PA66)/纳米氧化镁(nano-MgO)复合材料,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了复合材料的结晶性能,通过热重法(TG)研究了复合材料的热稳定性,通过紫外可见光谱研究了复合材料的紫外屏蔽性能,对该复合材料的力学性能进行了测试,并用扫描电镜(SEM)对纳米MgO在复合材料中的分散情况进行了观测。研究结果表明,纳米MgO的引入可以促进PA66的结晶,并可提高PA66的热分解温度。纳米MgO的引入提高了PA66的紫外屏蔽性能,并提高了PA66的拉伸强度。纳米MgO含量在3%时PA66/纳米MgO复合材料的拉伸强度比纯PA66高10%。SEM照片显示纳米MgO在复合材料中分散均匀。     

纳米级粘土加入量对聚合物燃烧性能影响的研究

利用热重分析仪(TGA)测定了聚乙烯／粘土纳米复合材料(Polyethylene／Clay Nano-composites)热分解温度，以锥型量热仪(CONE)测定了聚酰胺6／粘土纳米复合材料(Polyamide6／Clay Nano—composites，PCN)的释热速率、质量损失速率以及引燃时间等参数。研究表明加入适量的粘土，聚乙烯／粘土纳米复合材料的初始燃烧温度可以提高20℃左右，聚酰胺／粘土纳米复合材料的释热峰值可下降41．59％，CO生成率减少24．1％，明显降低了聚合物的火灾危险性。     

纳米二氧化硅增韧改性环氧树脂的性能研究

采用超声分散的方法制备了双酚A型环氧树脂(E-51)/纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)复合材料,通过热重分析(TGA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了材料的耐热性能、断面形态,并测试了其拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能。结果表明,利用超声分散的方法可使纳米SiO2均匀分散于环氧树脂基体中,并能显著改善材料的力学性能和耐热性。当纳米SiO2的含量为3%(质量分数)时,复合材料的力学性能达到最佳,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别提高了40.0%,55.1%和183.1%,且材料仍能保持良好的热稳定性。     

无机纳米粒子对木粉/高密度聚乙烯木塑复合材料热学及力学性能的影响

为了探讨3种无机纳米粒子(纳米碳酸钙(NPCC)、纳米蒙脱土(NMMT)和纳米氧化铝(NAL))对木粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)木塑复合材料热学性能和力学性能的影响,采用模压成型方法制备木粉/HDPE木塑复合材料,利用综合热分析仪和热膨胀系数仪分析了木塑复合材料的热学性能,并测定了其力学性能.结果表明,3种无机纳米粒子对木粉/HDPE木塑复合材料的热学性能和力学性能均有一定影响.其中:添加NPCC可使木粉/HDPE木塑复合材料的线性热膨胀系数降低38.95%,并具有较好的热稳定性,从而在受热过程中的起始热分解温度提高了2.8℃,600℃时的残重率提高了39.1%;同时,添加NPCC的木粉/HDPE木塑复合材料力学性能提高的幅度最大,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别提高了32.86%、11.05%和35.32%.     

ACS树脂改性PVC的研究

将丙烯腈(AN)、苯乙烯(St)在氯化聚乙烯(CPE)存在下进行悬浮接枝共聚,获得了ACS树脂.研究了不同用量ACS树脂对PVC流变行为、力学性能、热性能的影响,用SEM观察其拉伸断面.结果表明,ACS树脂的加入改善了PVC的流动性,其效果比抗冲型ACR好.当ACS加入量为25%时,抗冲强度可提高2～3倍,而抗拉强度变化不大,同时热性能也有所提高.     

不同混合方式对超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料中填料粒子分散性的影响

研究了气流粉碎分散法和普通机械混合法对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)中纳米SiO₂及玻璃微珠的分散性的影响。经过偶联剂处理的填料，采用这两种方法和树脂混合在一起，在相同的加工条件下，制备出复合材料。通过对复合材料的维卡温度、拉伸强度、硬度的测试，发现气流粉碎分散法有利于提高复合材料的性能，通过对扫描电镜中纳米粒子团聚体的观察，发现气流粉碎分散法有利于填料的分散。     

聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的力学性质

按ASTM标准测定聚丙烯(PP)以及PP接枝马来酸酐(MAH)的产物(PP-g-MAH)、PP接枝丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的产物(PP-g-BA)的力学性能和耐热性能,并利用红外吸收光谱(IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热失重分析(TGA)等方法测试它们的结构.实验结果表明:由于MAH或BA接枝后都不仅能保持PP主链的α晶型,而且都带进极性基团C=O基,促使MAH接枝产物(PP-g-MAH)或BA接枝产物(PP-g-BA)分子链之间的相互作用力增大,从而弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和拉伸模量都大于PP,并且当温度高于442℃时热稳定性也都大于PP.     

CO_2 Induced Formation of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties

The aim of this paper is to incorporate cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) into the polyelectrolyte complex(PEC)matrix to construct polyelectrolyte hydrogels,utilizing carbon dioxide(CO_2)-induction to achieve sol-gel transition.The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were tunable with different CNC loadings.The increasing CNCs contributed to significant mechanical reinforcement of the PEC/CNC hydrogels.The study on swelling characteristics of hydrogels manifested the entanglements between CNCs and the polymer chains.The hydrogels also showed good moldability property.A cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)cytotoxicity study showed that the as-prepared composite hydrogels had good biocompatibility to confluent osteoblasts(SD rat) cells.     

Esterified cellulose nanocrystals for reinforced epoxy nanocomposites

The surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was successfully modified with methacryloyl chloride to create esterified CNCs (M/CNCs). The modification was confirmed by Fourier Transfer Infra-Red Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Zeta potential measurement. With increased surface hydrophobicity, this modified CNC material exhibited improved compatibility with organic network. When used as a filler to be incorporated into a model epoxy resin, TEM results indicated that M/CNCs particles dispersed well in the epoxy network. It was observed that the inclusion of the M/CNCs had an impact upon the heat flow for the curing of the epoxy nanocomposite, leading to an improvement in the storage modulus when tested via dynamic mechanical analysis.     

具有结构色的生物质纳米纤维的制备与表征

 采用硫酸水解联合高压均质化,制备了生物质纳米纤维素晶体（CNC）,经超声波处理诱导自组装形成手性排列,并研究了其自组装膜的结构色特征。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察显示,纤维素纳米晶体尺寸均一,多呈短棒状,具备形成手性排列的结构基础。表面电势、流变性能及偏光特性研究表明,水解时硫酸浓度越高,生成的CNC表面Zeta电位绝对值越大,黏度越大,越利于形成手性排列,从而产生良好的偏光性;CNC经超声波处理有助于自组装成“光子晶体”,显示出较好的结构色。     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

纤维素纳米晶对胶凝复合材料耐酸性能的影响

Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2vol%, 0.4vol%, 1.0vol%, and 1.5vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with a pH value of 2 for 75 d. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, the density, water absorption, void volume test, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to investigate the properties of CNC mixtures before sulfuric acid immersion. It was found that the addition of CNC reduced the volume of permeable voids and increased the hydration degree and mechanical strength of the samples. Changes in mass and length were monitored during immersion to evaluate the acid resistance of mixtures. The mixture with 0.4vol% CNC showed a reduced mass change and length change indicating its improved acid resistance.     

Effects of cellulose nanocrystals on the acid resistance of cementitious composites

Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2 vol%, 0.4 vol%, 1.0 vol%, and 1.5 vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with a p H value of 2 for 75 d. The unconfined compressive strength(UCS) test, the density, water absorption, void volume test, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to investigate the properties of CNC mixtures before sulfuric acid immersion. It was found that the addition of CNC reduced the volume of permeable voids and increased the hydration degree and mechanical strength of the samples. Changes in mass and length were monitored during immersion to evaluate the acid resistance of mixtures. The mixture with 0.4 vol% CNC showed a reduced mass change and length change indicating its improved acid resistance.     

聚甲氧基有机硅/莫来石杂化材料的高温处理与热膨胀性能研究

制备了耐高温低膨胀聚甲氧基有机硅（PMOS）/莫来石杂化材料。FT-IR 与 XRD 测试表明材料在热处理过程中 PMOS 基体逐渐降解,而莫来石晶体则随温度的升高而稍有生长;TG 测试表明材料在800 ℃高温处理后仍有 93.4% 的质量残留;SEM 显示莫来石均匀分散在 PMOS 基体中;材料的冲击强度随热处理温度的升高而先减小后增大,800 ℃热处理后材料的冲击强度为924 J/m²;材料的膨胀系数很低,且随莫来石含量的增加而减小;聚甲氧基有机硅/莫来石杂化材料具有良好的耐高温性能与低热膨胀性能。     

过氧化二异丙苯热爆炸危险性研究

 为了预防和减少过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）生产过程发生火灾爆炸事故,利用绝热加速量热仪,对DCP、DCP/20%碳酸钠和DCP/20%苯酚的热危险性进行了实验研究,得到其初始放热温度、最大温升速率、最大温升速率时间等热危险性参数和绝热放热曲线;对3种物质的测试结果进行了绝热校正。利用绝热相容性评价的判据初始放热温度和平均加速度的理论模型,计算DCP/20%碳酸钠和DCP/20%苯酚的相容性。结果表明,DCP、DCP/20%碳酸钠和DCP/20%苯酚的初始放热温度分别为97.47、106.40和115.59℃,最大温升速率分别为65.15、2.15和3.44℃·min^-1,平均加速度分别为0.2977、0.0077和0.0127。在实际的工业生产中,所选取的碳酸钠和苯酚催化剂与DCP的相容性都较好,但比较二者发现,选用碳酸钠作为催化剂更为安全。     

苯并噁嗪/环氧树脂基耐高温防火复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用无溶剂法合成了双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂(BOZ),添加成碳剂后与环氧树脂共固化制备耐高温树脂基体,并用该树脂基体与玻璃纤维布制备了耐高温防火复合材料。表征了噁嗪树脂的结构以及噁嗪树脂与环氧树脂的固化特性,采用TG-DTA研究了固化体系的耐热性;对添加不同成碳剂的树脂基体及其复合材料在1000℃火焰中燃烧,研究了成碳剂对材料残碳率和碳层形貌的影响。结果表明,树脂基体分解放热峰的峰顶温度为670℃;当加入质量分数5%复配成碳剂时,树脂基体残碳率为68.83%;其玻璃纤维增强的复合材料在1000℃火焰中燃烧15min后残碳率为25.82%,碳层均匀附着在玻璃纤维表面,起到隔热和烧蚀作用,使复合材料具有良好的短效防火性。