SARS-CoV棘突蛋白片段在E.coli中的表达及免疫活性分析

SARS-冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)棘突蛋白(Spike,S)是构成病毒包膜突起的主要成分,属于型膜糖蛋白,全长1255aa,在病毒入侵宿主细胞中起重要作用.本文利用生物信息学技术,界定冠状病毒SARS-CoVS蛋白的抗原决定区域,通过PCR扩增相应片段,克隆至原核表达载体pET-H,得到四个重组质粒pET-HS1、pET-HS3、pET-HS4、pET-HS5.经序列测定证实后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导获得表达,产物经紫外薄层扫描显示目的蛋白占菌体细胞总蛋白量的20%~30%.经Westernblot检测,表达蛋白与恢复期SARS病人血清呈高反应原性.纯化相应蛋白免疫小鼠,所获抗血清效价达1∶3×103.与SARS诊断试剂反应呈阳性,这一工作将为进一步研究S蛋白的定位、功能及SARS诊断提供帮助.     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白cDNA的克隆和原核表达载体的构建

目的克隆SARS冠状病毒核衣壳(N)蛋白.方法用RT-PCR技术克隆SARS冠状病毒N蛋白全长cDNA,cDNA经序列分析鉴定后,克隆到pET30a表达载体.结果实现了SARS冠状病毒N蛋白基因的克隆.结论可以对重组成功的pET30a-N进行进一步的应用.     

SARS病毒的S1蛋白基因的克隆、表达及其ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立方便、敏感和特异的SARS病毒血清学诊断方法,利用PCR扩增,克隆了SARS冠状病毒S蛋白基因中从第68～918位碱基的基因序列(S1蛋白).并通过pGEX-4T1表达系统在大肠杆菌BL21中高效表达了SARS病毒S1蛋白,用超声波破碎菌体及用不同浓度的尿素洗涤包涵体,纯化了S1蛋白,纯度可达75%以上.以在E.coli高效表达的S1蛋白为抗原,以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的羊抗人IgG为二抗,建立了检测SARS抗体的间接ELISA方法.经检测,筛选出最佳反应条件为5μg/孔.用纯化的E.coli表达的抗原包被酶标板,用5 g/L的小牛血清进行封闭,以正常E.coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清.实验表明,应用表达的蛋白作为诊断SARS抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点.     

SARS冠状病毒及相关病毒的分子系统学分析

根据SARS冠状病毒及其相关病毒的基因组核酸序列和3种不同蛋白质序列，应用最大简约法和最小进化法重建系统发育树；并对SARS冠状病毒的11个推测蛋白质(ORF)做BLAST分析。结果表明，SARS冠状病毒和鼠肝炎病毒——牛冠状病毒分支构成姊妹群。其单系群性质得到强有力的统计学支持。这暗示了SARS的爆发可能源自种间屏障的突破事件，该病毒天然宿主可能为猪、牛或鼠。SARS冠状病毒与已知的人冠状病毒分属冠状病毒科的不同分支，因此致病机制可能有很大不同。3个基因的系统树分支格局的一致性表明：SARS冠状病毒这3个主要基因与其他冠状病毒间不存在重组，但全部11个ORF的BLAST分析却认为其基因组上一些小的区段可能与其他病毒存在重组。     

支持向量机程序SVMProt预测SArs病毒蛋白质的功能

对SARS冠状病毒蛋白质功能的有效识剐将有利于促进SARS传染病治疗药物的开发。应用基于支持向量机原理的SVMProt程序识别SARS冠状病毒蛋白质的功能,通过对SARS冠状病毒中2个已知功能的蛋白质功能的成功预测,说明SVMProt能够有效地应用于SARS冠状病毒蛋白质及其他种类蛋白质的功能预测。对SARS冠状病毒中至今仍未知其功能的蛋白质ORFl3的功能进行了预测,结果显示ORFl3是一种可能与DNA结合的核蛋白并兼有病毒体内结构蛋白的功能。     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的表达及其在SARS诊断中的应用

目的为SARS感染后建立一种特异性免疫学诊断方法,为基因疫苗的研制提供备选实验材料.方法利用基因重组的方法,在大肠杆菌中表达了SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)N蛋白全长基因,经包涵体的初步纯化,金属螯合层析进一步纯化N蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳和ELISA方法进行结果检测.结果N蛋白抗原与30名SARS感染患者血清结合全部为阳性,对照组30名正常人血清为阴性,30名发热但非SARS患者血清为阴性.结论利用基因重组的方法对SARS-CoV N蛋白进行了表达和纯化,证明该重组N蛋白抗原具有良好的反应特异性,是良好的应用于病毒感染早期诊断的抗原.完全可用于组构检测核心抗体的诊断试剂.并建立了免疫学的检测方法,为抗体检测提供了安全、方便的手段,并为基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

SARS冠状病毒N蛋白的表达及二级结构预测分析

通过RT-PCR获得SARS冠状病毒N蛋白基因，分别克隆到原核表达载体pET21a，pET32a和pGEX-4T-1中，将3种重组质粒pET2la-N，pET32a-N和pGEX-4T-1-N分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)，经IPTG诱导，细菌中分别表达出约46kD的重组N蛋白、约60kD的6xHis-N融合蛋白和约70kD的GST-N融合蛋白，表达量分别达总蛋白的45％、40％和30％．进一步的分析表明：6xHis-N融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中为可溶性表达，该可溶性组分占细菌裂解液的70％左右，且能被6xHis抗体所识别．用蛋白分析软件对N蛋白进行了序列分析和二级结构预测．SARS冠状病毒N蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效可溶性表达，有助于进一步结晶后进行X射线晶体衍射分析其结构与功能．     

传染性非典型肺炎病毒核蛋白的表达与活性检测

用PCR方法，人工合成传染性非典型肺炎病毒(SARS-CoV)核蛋白(N)全编码基因，并构建原核表达载体．在大肠杆菌中进行表达．结果重组N蛋白表达产量占菌体总蛋白的40％以上，主要以可溶形式存在．用SARS患者急性期血清进行蛋白印迹检测，表明可溶形式和包含体形式均有明显活性．包含体形式的重组蛋白经纯化后纯度可达90％以上，活性与纯化前相当，可作为SARS抗体诊断试剂盒的抗原原料．     

GST-SDF-1α融合蛋白的原核表达及纯化

构建融合重组表达载体并对其进行诱导表达蛋白以获得大量重组融合蛋白。通过PCR方法扩增出小鼠SDF-1α基因,克隆入pMD18T载体中,进行测序分析。将该基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-4T11中GST的下游构建重组质粒pGEX-4T1-SDF-1α,转化受态细胞BL21中,经IPTG诱导表达重组融合蛋白,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳检测分析。在约Mr36×103处出现一新生的蛋白条带。经灰度扫描检测,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的30%,纯化后得到了目的蛋白。成功克隆了小鼠的SDF-1α基因,并纯化融合基因GST-SDF-1α的原核表达产物。     

细粒棘球绦虫重组pET30a-EgA31疫苗的构建和诱导表达

克隆细粒棘球绦虫EgA31抗原基因,构建pET30a-EgA31原核表达载体,并在大肠埃希菌宿主系统中表达EgA31重组蛋白,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析.从细粒棘球绦虫成虫组织中提取总RNA,反转录生成cDNA,以此cDNA为模板RT-PCR 克隆获得EgA31抗原基因,将其克隆至pUCm-T载体,测序确定其正确性.利用定向克隆技术将EgA31抗原基因片段克隆至原核表达质粒pET30a上,转化E coli DH5α,根据选择标记的卡那霉素抗性基因筛选到阳性克隆,通过PCR分析和酶切鉴定筛选出阳性克隆.IPTG初步诱导和表达pET30a-EgA31重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳检测,并经凝胶图像分析确定目的蛋白的表达水平.测序表明选取的pET30a-EgA31阳性克隆均为正确连接EgA31抗原基因的重组质粒.经IPTG诱导后重组蛋白得到成功表达,在相对分子量约为31 kDa处有表达条带,表达量约占菌体总蛋白质的26%.成功克隆并构建了pET30a-EgA31原核表达质粒.初步诱导表达出EgA31重组蛋白,为进一步研究其免疫特性奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.