危害新疆西瓜的一种线状病毒的研究

从新疆染病的西瓜分离到一种线状病毒,该病毒可经汁液传播侵染属于６个科的１７种草本植物;染病的西瓜、哈密瓜和西葫芦引起植株生长阻滞、叶片皱缩、褪绿、泡斑、黄花叶以至坏死等系统侵染症状;该病毒可经桃蚜以非持久性方式传播;该病毒的病毒粒子为长约７５０ｍｍ的线形病毒粒子,在染病组织中形成风轮状内含体,证明该病毒属于马铃薯Ｙ病毒组;染病组织粗汁液提纯病毒制备物在ＳＤＳ双向免疫扩散试验中与小西葫芦黄花叶病毒抗     

在新疆发生的芜菁花叶病毒的鉴定

从新疆感染病毒的萝卜(Raphanus sativus)分离到一株线状病毒,该病毒在人工接种条件下可经汁液传播侵染属于9科的25种草本植物;该病毒可经桃蚜以非持久性方式传播;染病组织粗汁液和提纯病毒制备物在SDS双向免疫扩散试验和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验中与芜菁花叶病毒抗血清发生强烈的免疫反应;该病毒的病毒粒子为长约750 nm的线形病毒粒子;以差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心提纯了该病毒,纯化病毒的A260/A280为1.26;用提纯病毒制备了ELISA试验所用效价为1∶106的抗血清,证明该病毒株应属于芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus)的一个株系.     

甜菜上一种球状病毒分离物的特性研究

由田间自然感病和甜菜黑色焦枯病株，坏死黄脉型病株及无明显症 甜菜上分离到一种球状病毒，病毒呈二十面体，直径约25nm，有空心和实心2种粒子，具有分子量为24．7kd的外壳蛋白和长度分别为3．8kb,1.4kb,1.1kb的3个双链RNA组分，该病毒具有较强的稳定性和侵染性，蚜虫不能传毒，土壤诱发可传播，易通过汁液摩擦接种侵染多种植物；但回接甜菜只偶尔出现个别褪绿斑或不规则褪绿斑，并不表现田间症状，表明该病毒与甜菜黑色焦枯病等病害无直接关系。     

斑点免疫结合法检测3种植物病毒

研究了改进的斑点免疫结合法在检测芜菁花叶病毒、烟草花叶病毒和小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒中的应用.无论是使用全抗血清还是纯化的免疫球蛋白,检测感染组织粗汁液中的病毒或纯化的病毒,均获得了满意的结果.同时进行的斑点免疫结合试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫吸附电子显微术等的比较结果表明:无论是检测纯化病毒还是感染组织粗汁液中的病毒,斑点免疫结合法的检测敏感性均优于后2种方法,病毒的可测感度芜菁花叶病毒为0.65ng,烟草花叶病毒为0.39 ng,小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒为0.45 ng;应用碱性磷酸酶标记抗体及羟基吲哚磷酸盐和氮兰四唑为底物较为合适,这种底物可在室温下长期保存,并且反应产物为不褪色的紫色,易于观察和保存.     

中国油菜芜菁花叶病毒1号株系的生化性质研究

对中国油菜芜菁花叶病毒１号株系进行了生化性质分析，中国油菜芜菁花叶病毒１号株系的病毒粒子平均大小为７９０×１３ｎｍ；纯化的病责制剂对紫外线呈典型的核蛋白吸收，Ａ＿（２６０）／Ａ＿（２８０）＝１．２２。核酸含量为５％＝０．１５％；衣壳蛋白经Ｎ－末端分析和ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明为单一组分，Ｎ－末端氨基酸为丝氨酸，分子量为２１０００Ｄ；衣壳蛋白由１８８个氨基酸残基组成     

西瓜花叶病毒2号对甜瓜氨基酸的影响

病毒侵染寄主后植物的氨基酸糖蛋白含量发生改变 ,导致病毒传播介体生物学特性的改变 ,大豆花叶病毒 (ＳＭＶ)侵染大豆后碳氮代谢发生变化 ,病毒明显地抑制寄主碳水化合物代谢 ,促进寄主氮化物的代谢 ,有利于病毒的复制和增殖。西瓜花叶病毒 2号 (ＷＭＶ 2 )为新疆甜瓜的优势种病毒 ,棉蚜是其有效传播介体。作者于 1 995～ 1 996年研究了西瓜花叶病毒 2号侵染寄主甜瓜后氨基酸含量的变化。将确定为ＷＭＶ 2的病毒从甜瓜上分离提纯后 ,接种在防虫温室盆栽培养的寄主植物甜瓜 86 0 1品种的 3、4片真叶上 ,病株和对照健康株各 3 0盆。接毒后 …     

豇豆病毒病的鉴定

1983年9月,从新疆石河子豇豆病毒病植株上分离到1株病毒分离物Cp—1。汁液摩擦接种试验的结果证明,它可以侵染三种豆科植物和二种藜科植物。在豇豆上引起系统花叶,叶片皱缩,下卷并有疱疹等症状;在绿豆上表现为局部病斑。体外抗性测定,失毒温度为55—60℃,稀释限点为10~(-3)—10~(-4)。体外保毒期3—4天。Cp—1汁液易摩擦接种,桃蚜、棉黑蚜均可传毒,可通过种子传毒,种传率为10.6％。病毒粒体线条状,大小为12—5×700—750纤米。病株叶片细胞内有风轮状内含体。该分离物与豇豆蚜传花叶病毒(CA-BMV)的抗血清形成明显的沉淀线。根据以上性状,分离物Cp—1属于马铃薯y病毒组的豇豆蚜传花叶病毒。在新疆各地采取21个标样,经血清学和寄主范围测定,有13个标样属该病毒,约占62％。说明豇豆蚜传花叶病毒在新疆种植的豇豆上是普遍存在的。     

本氏烟ORSV和CymMV病毒的侵染性检测及鉴定

以本氏烟为研究材料,分别接种感染齿兰环斑病毒(Odontoglossum ringspot virus,ORSV)和建兰花叶病毒(Cymbidium mosaic virus,CymMV)的蝴蝶兰病汁液,通过免疫捕获RT-PCR( IC-RT-PCR)和Western-Blot等分子免疫分析手段,发现这两种在兰花上常见的病毒均能侵染烟草.研究结果为建立有效的多年生兰科植物常见病毒的实验室模式寄主,更深入高效地研究这两种病毒的发病机制提供了有效材料.     

罗汉果花叶病病原病毒鉴定

从典型病株上分离到1种大小为12nm*(600-800)nm的线状病毒,该病毒可通过汁液摩擦和棉蚜（Aphis gossypii)传播,人工接种可侵染罗汉果（Siraitia grosvenorii),西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo),南瓜（C.Moschata),黄瓜（Cucumis sativus),西瓜（Cirullus vulgaris),毛节瓜（Citrullus vulgaria)和瓠瓜（Lagenaria siceraria)等葫科植物引起花叶症状,侵染苋色藜（Chenopodium amaranticolor)引起局部褪绿斑点,接种番木瓜（Carica Papaya),普通烟草（Nicotiana tabacum),心叶烟（N,glutimosa),曼陀罗（Datura stramonium),洋酸浆（Physalis floridana),番杏（Tetragonia tetragonioides),豇豆（Vigna sinensis),未见有任何症状：病毒的致死温度为55度－60度,稀释终点为10^-3,10^-4,存在17度－25度下放置10d还有侵染活力;ELISA测定结果表明该病毒与西瓜花叶病毒－2（WMV－2）有密切的血清学关系,上述结果表明,引起广西罗汉果花叶病的病原病毒是WMV－2的一个株系,本研究还表明,罗汉果花叶病毒与番木瓜环斑病毒（PRSV）,马铃薯Y病毒＊PVY）,烟草蚀纹病毒（TEV）,大豆花叶病毒（SMV）及莴苣花叶病毒（LMV）均有较密切的血清学关系。     

嘧肽霉素对烟草花叶病毒在不同寄主上的防效研究

嘧肽霉素是一种新型抗病毒生物农药，针对烟草花叶病毒的不同系统寄主进行了该药剂的防效实验．结果表明：嘧肽霉素对不同系统寄主上的TMV引起的病毒病害都具有很好的防效，对TMV侵染烟草引起的烟草病毒病害的预防较为显著，抑制率达80．4％，在辣椒、番茄上也具有很好的防治效果．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.