提速线路轨道不平顺波长的动力仿真

基于耦合动力学理论,利用有限元方法建立了车辆-轨道耦合系统振动分析模型,输入不同截止波长的不平顺数据进行动力仿真计算,以确定轨道不平顺管理波长范围.高低不平顺主要影响车体的沉浮和点头运动,引起车体垂向加速度增大;轨向不平顺主要影响车体的侧滚和摇头,引起车体横向振动加速度增大.长波不平顺的影响主要体现在车体振动上,因此本文选定车体加速度作为确定不利波长的判定指标,对提速线路200km/h和250km/h速度下轨道不平顺波长管理的范围进行了探讨,并提出了提速线路轨道不平顺波长管理的建议.     

地铁直线轨道波磨成因及发展特性

为分析地铁直线段钢轨波磨的成因及发展特性,基于轨道结构有限元模型和车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,运用模态分析和动力分析对钢轨波磨的产生和发展进行研究。结果表明：（1）实测波磨的线路条件和通过频率范围与Pinned-Pinned共振导致的响轨波磨接近,初步认为该区段发生的波磨可能为响轨波磨;（2）轨道结构模态分析发现,513.7Hz处的振动模态为轨道结构的横向Pinned-Pinned共振模态,1050.0Hz处的振动模态为轨道结构的垂向Pinned-Pinned共振模态;车辆-轨道耦合模型动力分析发现,钢轨垂向振动加速度级在中心频率500Hz和1000Hz处幅值较高,分别为69.7dB和70.1dB,且上述中心频率所对应的三分之一倍频程带宽为轨道结构发生Pinned-Pinned共振的频率范围,因此分析认为该线路上的钢轨波磨为轨道结构Pinned-Pinned共振所致的响轨波磨;（3）不同轨枕间距和运营速度下的钢轨垂向振动加速度级变化趋势基本一致,且中心频率500Hz和1000Hz处的钢轨垂向振动加速度级幅值较高。随着轨枕间距和运营速度的变化,500Hz和1000Hz处的钢轨垂向振动加速度级变化趋势相同;通过改变轨枕间距和运营速度,可以使得钢轨垂向振动加速度级发生明显变化,说明适当的轨枕间距（700mm左右）和运营速度（80km/h左右）能够有效的控制响轨波磨的产生和发展。     

既有高速铁路提速条件下低频晃车特征及影响因素研究

针对某高速铁路列车在运营速度由200 km/h提升至250 km/h后,部分直线区段出现的车体横向低频晃动现象开展试验研究和仿真分析。首先对比分析提速前、后轨道动态检测数据在晃车区段和未晃车区段的时频特征以及乘坐舒适性,进而研究晃车区段的轮轨接触特性,通过建立车辆-有砟轨道动力相互作用模型,深入分析轮轨廓形、列车运行速度以及轨道平顺状态对高速铁路直线运行晃车问题的影响。研究结果表明：当列车提速至250 km/h后,晃车区段车体横向加速度出现明显周期性波动,振动频率为1.37 Hz,与提速前相比,车体横向加速度振动幅值增加了一倍,舒适性等级接近超限,乘坐舒适性明显降低;与采用CHN60&LMA廓形相比,采用实测轮轨廓形时的轮对蛇形运动加剧,轮对运动向一侧钢轨偏移,直接影响车体横向振动频率;列车运行速度提高后车辆系统响应对轮轨廓形的变化更为敏感,采用实测轮轨廓形,列车运行速度为250 km/h时的车体横向加速度谱峰较运行速度为200 km/h时的增大了1.6倍,较采用CHN60&LMA廓形时的增大了1.5倍;当列车提速至250 km/h后,轨道不平顺振动频率与轮对蛇形运动频...     

焊缝不平顺对车辆-无砟轨道-路基系统振动特性的影响

基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,应用有限元方法建立车辆-CRTSIII型板式无砟轨道-路基系统垂向耦合动力学模型,对高速车辆通过钢轨焊缝不平顺的动力学响应进行了仿真分析,并对比了不同形式钢轨焊缝不平顺对系统的影响。有限元计算结果表明:高速行车条件下,钢轨焊缝不平顺会引起车辆、轨道、路基系统动力学性能不同程度的变化,引起轮轨力响应增大,对与不平顺直接接触的轮对和钢轨振动产生较大影响,对行车舒适性影响有限。不同形式的焊缝不平顺对系统影响程度各有不同,凹、凸型焊缝不平顺对动力特性的影响相对接近,凹型焊缝不平顺叠加一短波不平顺后,对轮对和轨道结构振动加速度影响明显,轨道结构应力增大,受力状态恶化。在高速铁路日常运营维护中,应重视钢轨叠加焊缝不平顺引起的冲击振动作用。     

不同敏感波长轨道不平顺对现代有轨电车运行性能影响分析

为了探究轨道敏感波长对现代有轨电车运行的影响。通过对某独立轮现代有轨电车在不同波长激励时的动力响应指标进行分析,得到电车的敏感波长范围;并以此生成轨道不平顺激励,分析线路在施加此激励前后,车辆通过时参数变化。电车在直线线路运行时,轨向和水平不平顺主要影响横向加速度,高低不平顺主要影响垂向加速度。电车在曲线线路运行时,轨向和水平不平顺分别影响电车的中低速和高速曲线通过性能,两者同时作用时对电车曲线运行具有综合的影响效果,高低不平顺主要改变电车高速曲线运行状态。方向水平逆向不平顺对电车安全性影响会随着波长增大而减小,合理曲线超高能够降低影响,通过分析敏感波长与电车运行的关系,对电车通过不同激励路段形成指导。 关键词 现代有轨电车;轨道不平顺;有限元;动力响应     

过渡段刚度变异性对车轨系统动力响应的影响

针对高速铁路路桥过渡段刚度参数的变异性对车辆-轨道-线下基础系统动力响应的影响,运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,并通过修正扣件弹簧的刚度矩阵实现钢轨梁与轨下基础平面模型的垂向传力耦合,同时引入无限单元法消除边界效应,建立高速铁路路桥过渡段车辆-轨道-线下基础系统垂向耦合振动模型;利用该模型,应用基于拉丁超立方抽样的随机有限元法,分析了过渡段路基刚度参数变异性对过渡段车辆-轨道系统动力响应的影响.结果表明,刚度参数的变异性对钢轨垂向动位移的影响大于对轮轨力及车体加速度的影响,且各动力响应主要对倒梯形部分填料的参数变化较为敏感;动力响应数据偏离正态性,在95%的置信水平下,过渡段轮轨力、车体加速度的最大值近似服从韦伯分布,钢轨垂向动位移最大值的数据分布则呈现明显的"高峰厚尾",易出现异常大值,为减小钢轨垂向动位移以及便于管控施工质量,应适当提高过渡段路基刚度;选用钢轨垂向动位移最大值作为过渡段动力设计的安全评价指标,计算显示现行设计模糊失效概率为0.000 45,失效概率较小,动力设计较为可靠.     

沪宁线轨道不平顺谱的分析

对国外不平顺标准谱和我国轨道不平顺统计谱进行对比,根据沪宁线的线路不平顺检测数据进行谱分析,得出沪宁线的轨道不平顺谱与美国5级铁路的不平顺谱相接近,但方向不平顺谱值较大.利用相干函数分析轨道不平顺与车体垂向和水平振动之间的关系,得出垂向振动有两个主要振动频率,其中一个频率的振动与轨道不平顺相干度较高,车体水平振动加速度有一个振动主频,也与轨道的水平不平顺具有较高的相干性.最后,建议将轨道不平顺谱作为控制轨道质量的指标之一.     

基于危险点分布比率-SVM分类的轨道不平顺峰值安全域估计

基于数据分类的思想,通过获取仿真数据进行高速铁路轨道不平顺峰值安全域估计,得到不同速度下的不平顺峰值安全域边界.首先,利用Simpack软件建立高速客车车辆动力学仿真模型,以2种不同水平轨道谱的不平顺作为激励,获取高低和轨向不平顺幅值数据以及脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轮轨横向力等安全性指标数据,并依据一定的安全性评判准则将幅值数据标记为“安全”或“危险”2类;其次,鉴于直接利用SVM进行不平顺幅值数据分类困难的情况,提出一种基于危险点分布比率和SVM相结合的分类方法,极大地降低了分类难度,提高了分类效率,获得了最佳分类面;最后,将试验结果与国内外轨道不平顺峰值管理标准进行比较.结果≯ 月:本文提出方法有效,可为高速铁路轨道平顺状态的管理及标准制定提供参考.     

短波随机不平顺对列车-板式无砟轨道-路基系统振动特性的影响

运用弹性系统动力学总势能不变原理及形成矩阵的"对号入座"法则,建立列车-板式无砟轨道-路基竖向振动方程组,分析列车高速运行时,短波随机不平顺对列车-板式无砟轨道-路系统振动特性的影响,并对不同种类随机不平顺对列车-板式无砟轨道-路基系统动力特性的影响进行对比研究.研究结果表明:短波随机不平顺对车体垂向加速度、路基竖向压应力影响很小,对扣件竖向压应力、轨道板及底座板弯曲应力有一定的影响,对轮轨垂向力、钢轨振动加速度、轨道板振动加速度、底座板振动加速度和CA砂浆压应力则有显著的影响,影响超过中长波随机不平顺.研究车体及路基动力特性时可以不考虑短波随机不平顺,研究无砟轨道各部件动力特性时,则应考虑短波随机不平顺.     

1∶5铁道车辆滚动实验台的教学实验开发

在1∶5铁道车辆滚动实验台上开发了一系列教学实验。蛇形运动教学实验:测量转向架横向位移的时域波形,分析出蛇形频率和运行速度的关系,计算车辆踏面等效斜率以及临界速度;轮轨力的测量实验:提出轮轨力连续测量的实验方案,测出轮轨横向力和垂向力;车体振型测量实验:采集车体振动信息,辨识出车体的5个振型及其对应的频率;车辆故障检测实验:测量踏面模拟故障状态的加速度,给出踏面故障的频率规律。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.