三维多孔锂电池材料合成模板剂聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球的制备研究

采用单分散聚合法和种子溶胀法,在乙醇/甲醇体系中以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)高分子微球,并以此作为后继制备三维(3D)多孔结构锂电池材料的合成模板剂.讨论两种合成方法获得微球的粒径均匀性和粒径分布,认为单分散聚合法能获得较为理想的模板剂,研究此方法中单体介质比和引发剂浓度对微球粒径和分散性的影响,得出最佳合成条件为:MMA/medium=13.8%(质量分数,全文同),AIBN=6g时,合成微球的粒径最均匀,平均为3.8μm,粒径分布为0.103 2.     

磁性聚苯乙烯(Fe_3O_4/PS)微球合成的影响因素分析

以共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4纳米颗粒作为磁核,用聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,苯乙烯为单体,在乙醇/水混合溶剂中,采用分散聚合法制备出聚苯乙烯磁性高分子微球.研究聚合温度、Fe3O4用量、引发剂用量、分散剂用量以及乙醇/水比例等反应条件对聚合物磁性微球粒径和磁性能的影响,找出的最佳工艺参数为:单体用量为15 mL,Fe3O4用量为0.5 g,引发剂与单体的质量比为10∶1 000,醇水体积比为45/50,分散剂PEG用量为25 g,最佳反应温度为75℃.     

含羟基磁性高分子微球的合成与表征

利用改进的化学共沉淀法制备了具有良好分散性和磁响应的磁流体.用聚乙二醇作为分散剂,以苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯(HEMA)为共聚单体,合成了含羟基的具有核壳结构的磁性高分子微球.采用XRD,TEM,SEM,IR,TG-IR,DSC等方法对样品进行了表征.结果表明:制备的磁流体为Fe3O4单相,粒径为10-20 nm,微球的粒径大小约为1-5μm,微球上存在羟基.     

聚苯乙烯微球分散聚合的研究

系统研究了在苯乙烯(St)体系的分散聚合中,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇为分散介质,制备的微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球。结果表明,粒径随着反应温度、引发剂浓度、初始单体浓度的增加而增加;同时,它也随着分散剂(PVP)的浓度的增大而减小。当使用乙醇为聚合介质时,制得了粒径较大的单分散性微球(粒径为4.5μm),为由甲醇制得微球粒径的3倍,SPAN值达到0.785。     

以PDMAEMA作为分散稳定剂通过分散聚合制备聚苯乙烯微球及粒径控制

以聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)为大分子分散稳定剂、乙醇和水作为混合分散介质、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)作为引发剂,研究苯乙烯的分散聚合。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察聚苯乙烯微球的形态和粒径分布,探讨分散剂浓度、分散介质质量比以及引发剂浓度对于聚合物微球粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明:当分散介质中m(乙醇)/m(水)=7.3、引发剂与苯乙烯(St)摩尔比为0.01、分散稳定剂PDMAEMA与St质量比为0.05~0.20时,制得粒径为0.5~1.0μm、粒径分布系数为0.03~0.06的粒径分布均匀的聚苯乙烯微球。     

甲醇／水作为分散介质制备吸水高分子微球

采用分散聚合法，以甲醇／水混合溶液为分散介质，丙烯酸（AA）为单体，明胶为分散剂，经中和、引发和交联反应，合成了聚丙烯酸钠盐（PAANa）吸水高分子微球，经扫描电镜观测，其粒径在100μm-300μm，可吸去离子水310g/g，吸PH＝4的酸性水为240g/g，吸pH的碱性水为265g/g，并讨论了分散介质，交联剂与分散剂用量及丙烯酸中和度等因素对吸水率的影响。     

微乳聚合制备高吸油性树脂

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯为单体，DEGDA为交联剂，采用微乳聚合法和热引发技术合成了高吸油性树脂．详细地考察了反应温度、单体种类、交联剂的用量、引发剂的种类及用量等工艺因素对合成树脂性能的影响．从而找出热引发合成高吸油性树脂的最佳工艺务件。     

交联剂和后滴加法对微米级聚合物均球属性和粒径的影响

以醇水为介质,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂、由分散聚合制得粒径5μm单分散交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球．初步讨论了不同交联剂对苯乙烯微球的热失重温度与交联度的影响,不同交联剂的极限引入值不同．研究了后滴加方式加入交联剂对聚合物微球的粒径大小以及单分散性的影响．     

氨基聚苯乙烯微球的制备与表征

采用分散聚合法以苯乙烯(St)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、乙醇和水的混合液为分散介质合成了聚苯乙烯微球,再通过硝化反应与还原反应制成了粒径均匀,稳定性好的氨基聚苯乙烯微球.通过扫描电子显微镜、激光粒径分析仪对微球的外观形貌、单分散性分别进行表征,并用电导滴定法测定了微球表面氨基含量.结果表明,所合成的氨基聚苯乙烯微球粒径在2 μm左右,具有良好的单分散性且氨基含量较高.     

磁性高分子微球合成及其固定化脂肪酶的研究

用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4粒子,以油酸为分散剂,与化学单体、胶联剂等处理,经修饰合成磁性高分子微球,固定化脂肪酶水解油酯,测试其固定化脂肪酶的性能.通过测试其固定化时间和固定化酶量以及固定化酶的半衰期等性能,与游离酶性能对比,说明这种磁性材料大大提高了酶的适应温度,增强了脂肪酶的耐受性,提高了脂肪酶的活力回收,磁性粒子高分子微球是一种很好的酶固定化材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.