55 SiMnMo钢的上贝氏体形态及其机械性能

本文初步讨论的问题:通过光学显微镜、X 射线衍射、电子显微镜(透射和扫描电镜)、紧凑拉伸等试验方法研究了55 SiMnMo 钢在正火状态下的上贝氏体形态,以及回火转变对其机械性能的影响。根据试验,在中碳合金钢中经900℃0.5小时奥氏体化后空冷所出现的上贝氏体由铁素体和30～35%富碳奥氏体片层相间组成。经简易膨胀仪测定,析出碳化物的回火转变温度约为400℃,此时金相组织变为由铁素体、碳化物和5%奥氏体组成,作者称这种形态为回火贝氏体。在发生回火转变时,裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)随回火温度增加而增加,在400℃时达最大值;断口的扫描电子金相从准解理型过渡到解理型。     

正火温度对55SiMnMo钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN的影响

本文研究了55SiMnMo钢不同温度的正火组织,取材方向对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。其结果是:在较低的ΔK条件下,55SiMnMo钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率随正火温度的升高而增大,而在较高的ΔK条件下,则da/dN随正火温度的升高而降低。其原因,作者们认为与疲劳的性质、“块状组织”的数量、贝氏体形态及残余奥氏体的数量有关。文中还再次肯定了正火后再经400℃回火,其疲劳裂纹扩展速率远比正火高的多。不同取材方向对da/dN也有显著的影响。     

硅锰钼系中空合金钎钢及其生产新工艺

1.ZK35SiMnMoV钢制钎尾工艺为渗碳油冷、870～890℃再次加热260℃等温淬火后不回火或二次回火以及在螺纹根部冷滚压。凿岩寿命从20—50米/根提高到500～1000米/根部分达2000米/根。 2.对ZK35SiMnMoV钢制接杆钎杆进行薄层渗碳(σ不大于0.6mm)渗碳浓度不大于0.7～0.8％,使凿岩寿命从<50米/根,提高到700米/根。 3.对ZK55SiMnMo钢制六角钎杆的热处理采用正火法吹风冷却,得到硬度为HRc35-50使寿命达到150米/根。 4.在研究ZK55SiMnMo钢的正火组织中发现该钢为贝氏体钢,并有无碳化物的粒状贝氏体存在。根据金相组织观察和实验推理,得出粒状贝氏体的形成机理的模型系先     

SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢，分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理，并分别利用金相显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察，测定了CCT曲线，淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织，等温淬火得到贝氏体组织，锻造空冷状态下得到的以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织，经300℃回火，无渗碳体析出。     

SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢,分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理,并分别利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察,测定了CCT曲线.淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织,等温淬火得到准贝氏体组织,锻造空冷状态下得到以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织,经300℃回火,无渗碳体析出.     

GDL-1型高强韧贝氏体钢的不可逆回火脆性

本文研究了GDL-1型高强韧性贝氏体钢,在空冷状态下的回火冲击性能变化以及对应的显微组织和断口金相特征.结果表明,该钢经920 ℃加热空冷后获得条束状过渡形态的贝氏体加少量岛状贝氏体组织.在400 ℃～600 ℃的温度回火,分布于BF条束间的亚稳态残留奥氏体开始大量分解形成沿条束界连续分布的碳化物,在BF条内的高密度位错区也诱导析出碳化物,导致在条束界产生高应力集中而引发准解理和解理开裂,出现不可逆回火脆性,冲击能量显著降低.由于钢中的Si和Mn在原奥氏体晶界偏聚,抑制碳化物析出.在原奥氏体晶界未能沉淀出连续分布的碳化物,因此未见沿晶解理开裂特征,对应的断口金相呈条形准解理和解理的特征,其尺寸分别与BF条和束尺寸相吻合.该材料的不可逆回火脆性出现的温度范围与大多数合金结构钢相比提高约200 ℃.     

低硅Si-Mn系TRIP钢的组织和力学性能

在两相区不同温度(740、760、780、800℃)退火和在贝氏体区不同温度(370、400、430℃)等温处理,研究其对0．11C-1．65Mn-0．62Si的钢组织和力学性能的影响．试验表明,彩色金相可以清晰地观察TRIP钢复杂的多相组织(铁素体F 贝氏体B 残余奥氏体RA),随两相区温度的升高而F含量降低,奥氏体(A)量变大,B含量增加,抗拉强度Rm呈上升趋势,随B区温度的升高,应变硬化指数n值上升,塑性应变比R值变化不大．     

中碳Si-Mn奥氏体一贝氏体耐磨钢的研究

试验研制了以硅、锰为主的中碳Si－Mn奥氏体一贝氏体钢,可在铸态、正火和缓冷以及锻后空冷条件下均可获得贝氏体组织,且具有高硬度和良好的韧性,其冲击磨损性优于高锰钢．     

铌微合金化对高Al冷轧TRIP钢组织与力学性能的影响

采用二段式盐浴热处理、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸实验等方法,研究了添加0.025%微合金元素Nb对高Al(1.5%Al)冷轧相变诱导塑性钢(TRIP)组织与性能的影响规律. 结果表明:Nb微合金化使高Al冷轧TRIP钢在连续退火后组织得到细化,残余奥氏体含量及其碳含量比无Nb钢均有所升高. 含Nb钢在370 ℃和400 ℃等温后抗拉强度均大于650 MPa,且总伸长率达到35%,具有优异的综合力学性能. Nb微合金化,将本实验所研究的高Al冷轧TRIP钢的最优贝氏体区等温温度由400 ℃左右扩大到370～400 ℃,提高了生产的工艺稳定性.     

球墨铸铁接触疲劳试验第一阶段小结

表面剥落是等温贝氏体球铗齿轮失效的主要方式。为提高球铁齿轮的使用寿命,必需研究球铁接触疲劳破坏的规律和寻找提高球铁抗剥落能力的措施。本文是球铁接触疲劳试验第一阶段工作小结。使用ZYS—6型接触疲劳试验机测定了经完全奥氏体化(奥氏体化温度910℃)与部分奥氏体化(奥氏体化温度880℃)等温淬火的普通球铁以及经上述两种奥氏体化温度等温淬火的低硫球铁的接触疲劳曲线和接触疲劳极限;研究了当试验用的工作轮由等温贝氏体球铁改为GCr15钢时,普通球铁接触疲劳极限的变化;研究了等温贝氏体球铁基体组织与接触疲劳极限之间的关系;并用金相法研究了球铁的接触疲劳破坏过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to