扁缩滨珊瑚(Porites compressa Dana)化学成分的研究

利用柱层析和制备薄层色谱技术研究扁缩滨珊瑚(Porites compressa Dana)的化学成分，从中分离纯化得到2个化合物：a-十八碳烷醇甘油醚(鲨肝酵)(I)、N-1-羟基甲基-2-羟基-(E，E)-3，7-十七碳二烯基十六酸酰胺(Ⅱ)；同时经GC-MS鉴定6个甾醇：麦角甾烷酵、豆甾-22-烯-3β-醇、麦角甾-5-烯--3β酵、胆甾-5-烯-3β-醇、麦角甾-5，22-二烯-3β-醇和豆甾-5，22-二烯-3β-醇．     

豆荚软珊瑚Lobophyton sp.中的次生代谢产物研究

从中国海南岛三业附近海域采集的软珊瑚Lobophyton sp.中分离得3个甾类生物活性物质.通过近代波谱方法,鉴定出他们的结构分别为柳珊瑚甾醇,24-亚甲基胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β二醇,24-亚甲基胆甾-3β,5α,6β-三醇.柳珊瑚甾醇具有抗心律失常、减慢心率等活性;24-亚甲基胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β二醇具有强细胞毒活性.     

扁窦形短指软珊瑚中的多羟基甾醇

从采白海南三亚附近海域的扁窦形短指软珊瑚Sinularia depressa Tixier-Durivault中分离鉴定出2种多羟基甾醇化合物。通过光谱分析确定它们分别为胆甾—7—烯—2β，3β，14μ，20β，22α，25—六羟基—6—酮，麦角甾—24(28)—烯—3β，5α，6β—三醇。前属于昆虫蜕皮激素，又称蜕皮甾酮。蜕皮甾酮主要存在于陆地植物中，这是从扁窦形短指软珊瑚中分离到蜕皮甾酮的首次报道。     

南海短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.次生代谢物质研究

从海南三亚附近海域采集的一种短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.中分离到5种次生代谢产物，通过物理常数对照和波谱分析鉴定，它们分别为柳珊瑚甾醇、麦角甾-24（28）-烯-3β，5α，6β-三醇。     

小棒短指软珊瑚Sinularia microclavata中的生物活性氧化甾醇

从南中国海采集的小棒短指软珊瑚Sinularia microclavata Tix-Dur中首次分离得2个氧化甾醇. 通过各种近代波谱分析方法,鉴定出它们分别为孕甾-5-烯-3-醇-20-酮(pregnenolone)(1)和9,11-开环-24-亚甲基-5α-胆甾-7-烯-3β,6α,11-三羟基-9酮(2).1和2均有较强的细胞毒活性.     

格氏短指软珊瑚的次生代谢产物研究

从海南三亚附近海域采集的格氏短指软珊瑚SinulariagrayiTix _Dur 中分离得 7种次生代谢产物。通过波谱分析鉴定它们的结构为 :(2 4s)_2 4_甲基胆甾_3β ,5α ,6 β ,2 5_四醇_2 5_单乙酸酯 ,(2 4s)_2 4_甲基胆甾_4_烯_3β ,6 β_二醇 ,柳珊瑚甾醇 ,麦角甾_5_烯_3β_醇 ,麦角甾_5 ,2 4 (2 8)_二烯_3β_醇 ,Δ4 ,5(E) ,Δ8,9(E)鞘胺醇_正十六碳酰胺 ,胸腺嘧啶。     

3-乙酰氧基胆甾-5-烯-19-羟基-24-酮的制备与表征

通过3β-乙酰氧基-5-烯胆甾-24-酮（2）与N-溴代乙酰胺（NBA）反应得到3β-乙酰氧基-5α-溴-6β-羟基胆甾-24-酮（3），（3）通过光环化反应后不经分离直接通过锌粉/乙酸水解得到52%产率的化合物3-乙酰氧基胆甾-5-烯-19-羟基-24-酮（5）。缩短了合成天然多羟基甾醇24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β，7β，19-三醇（1）的时间并减少中间过程的物损耗，进一步提高了反应产率。     

中国软珊瑚化学成分的研究(十六)——一种新的多羟基甾醇Sartortuosterol A的结构测定

从中国南海软珊瑚Sarcophyton tortuosum中分离到一种新的多羟基甾醇——扭曲肉芝甾醇A(Sartortaosterol A),通过化学反应和四谱法推定其化学结构为24ξ-甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3α,6β,9α-,25-四醇-25-乙酸酯.     

新甾醇Echifloristerol的结构测定

从中国南海采集的花刺柳珊瑚中分离到一种新的甾醇echifloristerol。通过波谱方法,确定其结构为22-ξ-甲基-Δ~(5(6)).23(24))-胆甾烷-3β-醇。     

优美叶枝豆荚软珊瑚中的多羟基甾醇和神经酰胺

首次对优美叶枝豆荚软珊瑚Lobophytum delectum的次生代谢产物进行了研究并分离鉴定出3个多羟基甾醇和1个神经酰胺。通过波谱分析、化学降解及物理常数对照等方法鉴定出它们的化学结构分别为:(24S)-麦角甾-1β,3β,5α,6β-四醇(1)、(24S)-麦角甾-3β,5α,6β,25-四醇-25-单乙酸酯(2)、(24S)-麦角甾-5-烯-3β,25-二醇(3)和N-正十六碳酰基-正十八碳-4(E),8(E)-二烯鞘胺醇(4),首次发现(1)对MgC-803(人胃癌细胞)和Cne-1(人鼻咽癌细胞)有强抑制活性,IC50值分别为1.48和1.12μg/mL。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.