转炉冶炼CaO-SiO2-FeO渣系中磷的行为

回归推导出渣系中磷酸盐容量对数与炉渣光学碱度和温度的关系表达式,通过回归公式绘制出CaO-SiO2-FeO(10%MgO)渣系的等磷酸盐容量图,分析了转炉终渣、终点成分及温度对钢中磷含量的影响情况.当熔渣磷酸盐容量一定时,随着转炉终点碳含量降低,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;相同终点碳含量时,随着熔渣磷酸盐容量增加,渣/钢间磷分配比增加;转炉终点碳质量分数控制在0.03%～0.04%,炉渣碱度大于3.5,渣中FeO质量分数低于18%,渣中P2O5质量分数低于2%,有利于获得终点磷质量分数在0.008%以内的钢水.     

超低碳钢BOF渣成分对终点[ C ]含量影响

采用共存理论、动力学分析和实验验证的方法,研究转炉冶炼超低碳钢吹炼末期炉渣成分对终点[ C]含量的影响规律,建立1853~1973 K时终点[ C]与炉渣成分和温度的回归模型. 结果表明:FeO活度受温度影响较小,主要受炉渣成分的影响;脱碳动力学条件主要受炉渣成分和温度的影响. 炉渣碱度增加,终点[ C]含量升高;渣中FeO含量增加,终点[ C]含量迅速降低,渣中FeO质量分数应控制在12. 0% ~18. 0%之间;渣中MgO质量分数在7. 0% ~13. 0%范围内逐渐增加,钢液中[ C]质量分数增加值不足0. 01%;随着温度的增加,钢液中[ C]含量降低. 回归模型对冶炼超低碳钢的转炉终点[ C]含量的预判平均误差率为± 15. 25%,[ C]含量误差在± 0. 01%以内的炉次占69. 19%.     

300 t顶底复吹转炉炉渣磷酸盐容量计算分析及预测模型

通过对某钢厂脱磷转炉炉渣磷酸盐容量计算和分析并结合前人的研究成果,得出实测炉渣磷酸盐容量与炉渣中碱性氧化物含量、炉渣光学碱度、炉渣中全铁含量和温度的变化关系,并结合生产数据拟合出炉渣的组成与炉渣磷酸盐容量的表达式。将文献报道的不同炉渣磷酸盐容量模型的计算值与实测值进行了对比和分析。基于共存理论建立了本渣系炉渣磷酸盐容量预测模型,误差分析表明该预测模型准确可信,将为现场生产提供理论指导。     

CaO-SiO_2 -Al_2 O_3 -MgO精炼渣氮行为

通过回归得到了氮容量CN与温度T和光学碱度Λ的关系公式,并解释了氮进入熔渣的两种机理.通过回归公式绘制了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3(wMgO=10%)渣系的等氮容量图.结果表明:相同氮容量渣系,随着钢液中[%Al]s增加,渣/钢间氮分配比LN增加;相同[%Al]s情况下,随着氮容量的增加,渣/钢间氮分配比显著增加.高氮容量渣在渣/钢界面上会有很高的脱氮能力,在冶炼超低氮钢(w[N]<3×10-5)时,熔渣是进行脱氮和防止增氮的重要环节.     

熔分过程中铌、磷在渣铁两相间的分配比

以白云鄂博铌精矿经预还原后在电炉内熔分所形成的渣铁体系为研究对象,通过实验考察了熔分过程中铌、磷在渣铁两相间分配比的变化规律.结果表明,在本实验条件下,铌、磷的分配比随铁液中碳质量分数的增加而减小,当碳达到饱和时,铌氧化物会在渣铁界面处被还原为碳化铌,熔分终点w［C］应控制在342%以下;铌、磷的分配比随温度升高而减小,熔分温度可控制在1450℃左右;铌、磷的分配比随渣中FeO质量分数的增加而增大,熔分终点w(FeO)应控制在585%左右;铌、磷的分配比随熔渣光学碱度的升高而增大,添加MgO可明显降低磷的分配比.     

转炉铁水预处理脱磷实验研究

首钢京唐公司采用转炉铁水预处理脱磷工艺作为洁净钢生产平台,通过前期58炉冶炼实验,摸索出一套适和京唐公司生产实际的操作工艺,并在造渣制度、吹炼模式、温度控制等方面取得了重大突破,实现了稳定、高效生产低磷钢、超低磷钢的目标.脱磷炉终点磷的质量分数平均为0.017%,碳的质量分数为3.69%,脱磷炉终点平均温度为1350℃,并有10炉钢的脱磷炉终点磷的质量分数小于0.015%,最低为0.008%,达到了生产超低磷钢的预脱磷要求.对实验中影响脱磷效果的因素,如铁水硅含量,脱磷炉终点温度、终点碳含量、终渣碱度和氧化性等,进行了深入研究.分析表明当铁水硅的质量分数小于0.45%时,可以达到比较好的脱磷效果;脱磷炉的脱磷效果随终点温度的升高而逐渐变差,但为保证脱碳炉有足够的热量,脱磷炉终点温度控制范围为1350～1380℃;脱磷炉合理的碳含量范围应该在3.3%～3.8%之间;碱度控制在1.8～2.2即可满足脱磷炉的脱磷效果;通过增加矿石加入量,保持较高枪位可以提高冶炼过程渣中(FeO)含量,提高脱磷炉的脱磷效率.     

低碱度脱磷渣在转炉少渣冶炼中的作用

以SGRS工艺为基础,研究了低碱度脱磷渣在转炉少渣冶炼中的作用.根据少渣冶炼物料平衡原理,脱磷阶段结束炉渣碱度控制越低,相当于转炉回收利用的Ca O量越多,能够实现的钢液去Si量也越多.同时实验结果表明,随着脱磷渣碱度的降低,炉渣的熔化性能逐渐改善,带来脱磷阶段结束转炉倒渣量不断增加以及脱磷渣金属铁含量不断降低的有益效果.当脱磷渣碱度在1.2~1.8范围时,脱磷渣半球点温度基本控制在1 380℃以内,脱磷渣中的游离Ca O质量分数控制在0.7%左右的较低水平,同时转炉脱磷阶段结束转炉倒渣量基本可控制在8 t(210 t转炉)或5 t(100 t转炉)以上.     

CaO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2渣熔化温度特性实验研究

采用FactSage理论计算以及熔点实验对CaO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2无氟的环保型铁水预处理脱磷渣系的熔化温度特性进行了系统研究,考察了炉渣碱度、Al2O3和FeO质量分数三个因素渣系熔化温度特性的影响.研究结果表明:FeO的质量分数对渣系熔点的影响最大;炉渣的最佳配比为碱度5.5,Al2O3质量分数10%,FeO质量分数45%,该配比下炉渣熔化特性在本实验条件下能够满足铁水预处理用渣的熔化温度特性的要求.     

210吨转炉脱磷工艺探讨

本文根据济钢210吨转炉脱磷情况,主要从转炉脱磷的理论分析入手,对冶炼过程中前期温度、炉渣碱度、渣中(FeO)、转炉底吹效果等对终点磷的影响及回磷的原因、影响因素及防范措施等进行了探讨,同时本文指出应控制的参数:炉渣碱度、渣中(FeO)、终点温度在合理范围内,并重视钢水回磷问题。     

CaO-Al_2O_3-CaF_2-SiO_2渣系的黏度

采用内旋转圆柱法测量了不同组成的CaO-Al2O3-CaF2-SiO2渣系的黏度,采用XRD分析技术对高温熔炼渣的物相进行分析,并计算了各渣样的黏流活化能.结果表明:当w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)一定,配渣中SiO2质量分数低于8%时,对渣样的高温黏度并没有明显的影响,在1 490℃以上时,熔渣黏度都低于0.5Pa.s;当SiO2质量分数增加到10%,渣样的高温黏度开始显著降低,温度高于1 440℃时,黏度值低于0.2Pa.s.随着SiO2含量的增加,熔渣的碱度逐渐降低,破坏了原来熔渣的大网状结构,熔渣的黏度明显降低.渣系的黏流活化能变化趋势与渣样的黏度值变化趋势一致.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with