铅(Ⅱ)—碘—乙基紫—聚乙烯醇体系显色反应的研究

本文对聚乙烯醇存在时,铅(Ⅱ),碘离子和乙基紫(EV)的显色反应作了研究。铅(Ⅱ)、碘离子和乙基紫的三元缔合物形成迅速,直接在水相中显色,操作简便。缔合物的组成为:P_b(Ⅱ):I~-:EV~+:1:4:2。表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.67×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。对缔合物晶体作了红外光谱,表明乙基紫的阳离子和四碘合铅阴离子是离子键结合在一起的。应用本法于金属锌和水样中微量的铅的测定,结果较满意。     

硫氰酸根—吡罗红G显色体系的研究—分光光度法测定人尿中微量Zn和Mo

用分光光度法在丙酮水溶液中,利用[MoO(SCN)_5]~(2-)和[Zn(SCN)_4]~(2-)络离子与吡罗红G(Pyronine简写PyG)发生的离子缔合反应,可以在不同酸度下,[H~+]=2.4mol.L~(-1)和PH=1.6分别测定钼和锌,本方法灵敏度高而不必事先分离. 在水溶液中,用连续变化法、斜率比及摩尔比法证明该离子缔合物的组成是PyG_2[Zn(SCN)_4]·2(PyG·SCN)和PyG_2[MoO(sCN)_5]·2(PyG·SCN),它们的摩尔吸光系数分别为ε_()576~(Mo)=1.05×10~5L/(mol.cm)和ε_(588)~(Zn)=7.19×10~4L/(mol.cm)·加入掩蔽剂此反应可直接测定人尿中锌和钼.     

罗丹明6G—磷钼杂多酸离子缔合物显色反应的研究及其应用

本文研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下,罗丹明6G—磷钼杂多酸离子缔合物显色反应的条件,光度特性和缔合物的组成。离子缔合物的表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(548)=1.87×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),磷量在0—2.0ug/25ml范围内服从比尔定律。本法灵敏度高,稳定性好,操作简便,容易掌握,用于铜合金中磷的测定,获得满意结果。     

钯（Ⅱ）—硫氰酸钾—罗丹明B分光光度法测定微量钯

研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下,钯与硫氰酸钾和罗丹明B的显色反应.在0.001—0.002mol/LH_2SO_4介质中,生成离子缔合物.最大吸收波长为589nm.表观摩尔吸光系数为2.48×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).钯含量在0—8μg/25mL内服从比尔定律.还研究了多种离子对测定的影响.方法应用于钯——活性炭催化剂中钯的测定.     

1—（2—吡啶偶氮）—2—氨基萘的合成及钴的分光光度测定

合成了新偶氮化合物1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-氨基萘(PAAN),并研究了它与钴的显色反应,在pH4.0～5.0的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,Co~(2+)与PAAN形成红色螯合物,λ_(max)=550nm.ε达1.0×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(乙醇-水溶液)和5.16×10~4 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(OP-水溶液),钴与显色剂的组成比为1:2.钴量在0～11μg/25ml范围内遵守比耳定律.该显色反应选择性好.仅Ni~(3+).Fe~(3+).Cu~(2+).Pd~(2+)干扰,可通过加入盐酸酸化至1mol/L,破坏上述离子的配合物而消除,在不加任何掩剂的情况下.测定了土壤、茶叶和维生素B_(12)中的钴,结果满意.     

钼-硫氰酸盐-甲基紫高灵敏离子缔合体系的研究和应用

本文研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下,钼(Ⅵ)—SCN—甲基紫高灵敏离子缔合体系,在0·10—0·14M硫酸介质中,该体系λ_(max)=530nm,表观摩尔吸光系数_(530)=9·20×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),0～μgM_0/25ml符合比尔定律,选择性较好,并用于钢铁中钼的测定。对显色反应机理作了初步探讨。     

在聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在下铱-钼酸盐-罗丹明B缔合显色反应的研究及应用

研究了在聚乙烯醇（PVA）存在下,铱-钼酸盐-罗丹明B缔合物的超高灵敏显色体系,缔合物的最大吸收位于585nm,摩尔吸光系数∈=1.06×106L·mol-1·cm-1,服从比尔定律范围为0～3.15μgIr/25ml.测定2.0μg铱的相对标准偏差为2.5％（n=7）.测定铱的适宜条件为CHCIO4=0.99mol/L,CMvO42-=8.7×10-4mol/L,CRB=2.9×10-5mol/L,PVA0.5％.试验了近30多种共存离子的影响,用平衡移动法测定缔合物的摩尔比Ir:RB=1:4,初步探讨了反应机理.本方法已用于冶金产品铱的测定,结果满意.     

镉(Ⅱ)—碘化钾—丁基罗丹明B显色反应的研究

本文研究了在聚乙烯醇和Tritonx—100存在下,镉(Ⅱ)—碘化钾—丁基罗丹明B离子缔合物显色反应的条件。络合物最大吸收峰在600nm,摩尔吸光系数为2.2×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。镉量在0.5-4.0μg/25ml范围内服从比尔定律。试验了若干种离子的干扰,此法已用于自来水中微量Cd~(2+)的测定。     

铊（Ⅲ）—碘化物—碱性三苯甲烷染料在水溶液中的显色反应研究

研究了铊(Ⅲ)与碘化钾和孔雀石绿、灿烂绿及碘绿等三种碱性三苯甲烷类染料形成离子缔合物的显色反应.在较高浓度的磷酸介质中,在阿拉伯树胶存在下,铊与碘负离子形成的络阴离子与上述碱性染料均形成高灵敏的离子缔合物,其摩尔吸光系数分别为2.94×10~5,5.36×10~5和9.2×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),其中孔雀石绿体系灵敏度最高.用乙醚萃取并在掩蔽剂EDTA存在下,方法有较好的选择性,可用于合成水样和天然水中铊的测定.     

硫氰酸锌络阴离子与结晶紫在水溶液中的显色反应研究

在聚乙烯醇(PVA_(124))存在下,锌(Ⅱ)与硫氰酸盐和结晶紫形成离子缔合物,在550nm处有最大吸收峰。0—4μgZn/25ml范围内服从比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.92×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。方法灵敏度较高,选择性好,操作简便,可直接测定金属样品中的微量锌。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the