500kV玉林串补站直流系统蓄电池容量不足原因与分析

对玉林串补站110V直流系统阀控式铅酸蓄电池(VRLA)出现的新蓄电池组量不足的原因进行了分析,从阀控式铅酸蓄电池组出厂、储存、运输及现场安装及核对性容量试验全过程进行分析,提出了阀控式铅酸蓄电池在生产、储存、运输及现场安装、试验及运行中维护的基本方法,及现场如何判断阀控式铅酸蓄电池的好坏,为做好变电站阀控式铅酸蓄电池的运行和维护,提高蓄电池组的使用寿命,确保直流系统的安全运行提供参考。     

铅酸蓄电池充电与保护集成电路的设计

针对蓄电池充电和保护电路的分离及占用较大的面积等问题,采用CSMC公司0.6 μm互补型金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺,设计集蓄电池充电和保护功能于一身的集成电路.它既可以实现对免维护铅酸蓄电池的浮充充电及过充、过放、过流保护,也可以解决分立元件构成的电路占用面积大的问题.采用Cadence中的Spectre对电路进行模拟仿真,结果表明,当温度在-10～90 ℃范围内,基准电压随温度的变化呈抛物线的形状,电路的温度得到很好的补偿.     

电动汽车动力传动系统参数设计及动力性仿真

对电动汽车动力传动系统参数设计的原则和方法进行了探计，并以CS7101轿车为研究对象，对电动汽车动力传动系统的参数进行合理选择，以铅酸电池作为动力源，提出了荷电状态SOC的计算方法，分析了铅酸电池的电动势E0、内阻R0、极化电阻Rr随荷电状态SOC变化的关系，并根据铅酸蓄电池容量与温度的关系，对铅酸蓄电池的容量进行了温度补偿，为设计和改进电池能量管理系统的性能奠定了理论基础，建立了动力传动系统的动力学模型，在此基础上对基于SC7101的电动轿车的动力性能进行了计算机仿真试验，进一步分析了影响电动汽车续驶里程的，并提出了增加行驶里程的措施，仿真结果表明，对铅酸蓄电池电特性的分析和建立的动力学模型是正确的，该电动汽车的动力性能完全满足设计指标要求。     

带温度补偿电路的铅酸蓄电池充电器

许多电器和电子设备常用可多次充电的蓄电池作为电源,其中以镍镉电池为理想,但价格昂贵,且充电电流必须恒定。而与镍镉电池相比,容量相同,铅酸蓄电池要经济得多。 为保证铅酸蓄电池完全充电,一般应采用“浮充”充电方式。图1为铅酸蓄电池充电器的     

铅酸蓄电池剩余电量和健康状况估计方法

为了解决铅酸蓄电池的剩余电量存在计算不准确、电池的健康状况评价不准确的问题,以提高铅酸蓄电池剩余电量的检测精确性和合理估算电池的健康状况,通过曲面拟合的方法获得电池放电电量与电压和电流的关系,计算温度对电池电量的影响,将不同温度条件转换成标准温度条件,计算电池的剩余电量;通过获得电池放电情况与电池循环次数的关系,用剩余循环次数的分数来表征电池的健康状况。结果表明,通过曲面拟合方式得到的关系式的误差较小,能够实现铅酸蓄电池剩余电量和电池健康状况的合理估计。     

同一电路不同电压等级直流供电系统中的短路保护实现

针对同一电路不同电压等级直流供电系统,以ATMEGA 8L单片机为核心,铅酸蓄电池为对象,提出了用软件实现不同电压等级的直流供电系统中短路保护的方法。解决了在电源电压变化大的低压直流供电系统中选择短路保护器件难题。     

蓄电池组电容量的在线分析系统

根据铅酸蓄电池组的充放电特性,采用工作电流放电法测量蓄电池组的蓄电能力。设计了铅酸蓄电池组蓄电容量的计算机在线监测系统。该系统在测量过程中可以对电池放电时的剩余电量给出线性的指示。蓄电池组放电时对电池组单节电压进行巡检,发现性能开始下降的电池,排除电池失效的隐患。在浮充状态下在线测量电池的内阻,在非放电的条件下发现电池性能的变化。通过计算机对铅酸蓄电池组的各参数的在线监测,实现了铅酸蓄电池组监测和预警的自动化。     

锂电池组在变电站蓄电池组核对性放电中的应用

根据电力系统相关规程要求,配置单蓄电池组的变电站直流电源系统在对蓄电池组进行核对性放电试验时,蓄电池组不能退出运行.先将备用蓄电池组并列到直流系统,再将运行中的蓄电池组退出后作核对性放电试验是通行方案.传统的备用铅酸蓄电池组方案操作繁琐,安全性低.本文提出并实现了用锂电池组代替铅酸蓄电池组的方案,应用等效电路模型分析法,分析了锂电池组在直流电源系统中的运行特性,验证了锂电池组在变电站蓄电池组核对性放电中的安全性,对提高变电站直流电源系统维护的方便性和安全性有较大的实用价值.     

西沟水电站直流系统改造

引言：直流系统在发电厂保护,自动装置以及操作与自动控制设备信号起着重要作用,我们厂直流系统采用常规化设计,蓄电池采用防酸隔爆式蓄电池,将要面临蓄电地使用寿命到期,控制部件,电器元件老化和日常维护量大,带来很大不便,我分1厂对直流系统进行改造,采用了先进高新技术和新设备,现将改造方式阐述一下。l、微机监控我厂采用STD5000系列工业控制机,内部程序采用汉川E编语言实现智能控制,其主要可实现的功能：（l）自动主浮充切换正常工作状态,系统处于蓄电池浮充状态,当直流系统大量用电或放电时,蓄电地参与工作,使得直…     

变电站站用二次电池比较

变电站直流系统主要采用铅酸蓄电池进行供电,铅酸蓄电池的特征是安全可靠,但是,该种电池存在很多致命的缺点,包括电压波动大、荷电保持率低以及性能指标受环境影响严重等,另外铅酸蓄电池的污染也是其被广为诟病的一个重要原因。随着电池技术的不断发展,不少新型绿色环保电池已经在技术上和经济性上达到和超越现有的铅酸蓄电池系统,本文根据变电站对电池的特殊需求,对各类电池进行技术经济比较,选择最适合变电站使用的电池系统。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.