区间数排序的粗糙集方法

针对模糊多属性决策中属性值为区间数情况下区间数排序问题,应用粗糙集理论和模糊集理论得到了一种区间数的排序方法:区间数上近似集排序法;区间数下近似集排序法;区间数上(下)近似集折中排序方法.给出了区间数的粗糙集表示,区间数的粗糙集排序方法及其良好性质.详细论证了其与经典的区间数排序的可能度方法相比的诸多优势.同时给出了具体实例并进行了这种方法的应用与验证,以便能更好地理解这种粗糙集排序方法.     

关联函数为区间数的综合评价方法

为了解决关联函数为不确定性区间数的多属性决策问题和综合评价问题,给出了综合评价的线性规划模型,提出了一个区间数大于另一个区间数的可能度的概念,进而利用可能度的传递性给出了区间数的一种排序方法,完善和扩展了张全,樊治平,潘德惠在论文“不确定性多属性决策中区间数的一种排序方法”中的结果,还指出了区间数排序的一种简洁算法,通过实例验证此法简洁有效。     

一种基于区间数的旅游目标选择方法

研究一个基于区间数的多属性旅游目标决策问题,确定一种选择满意旅游目标的方法.建立基于区间数的多属性旅游目标决策问题模型,将基于区间数的多属性目标决策问题转化为一组实数的排序问题,建立起有关目标的一种综合排序,从而给出一种选择满意旅游目标的方法.     

基于距离测度的折衷型区间数多属性决策方法

针对服从均匀分布的区间数情况,通过区间数之间的距离并考虑决策者的偏好,给出一种基于距离测度的折衷型区间数多属性决策方法,并以实例说明方法的有效性和可行性.该方法首先将区间数属性值转化为排序指标值,以方案排序指标值离差最大化为目标建立数学模型求得属性权重,然后按方案综合排序指标值的大小对方案进行排序.该方法充分利用已有的客观信息,结果准确可信,具有简洁、直观、便于上机实现等优点.     

基于相对优势度的区间直觉模糊多属性决策方法

基于区间数的相对优势度,提出了区间直觉模糊数的相对优势度概念。通过构建区间直觉模糊数比较的相对优势度矩阵,结合基于互补判断矩阵的排序公式,给出了一种区间直觉模糊数的排序方法,并将此排序方法应用到属性权重未知的区间直觉模糊多属性决策当中。通过算例分析说明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于模糊语言评估的多属性决策方法

研究了属性权重确知，属性值以模糊语言形式给出的多属性决策问题，定义了一种模糊语言评估标度并给出其相应的区间数表达方式，利用区间数运算法则对各方案的属性值进行集结。基于区间数之间两两比较的可能度公式，构造可能变矩阵，并利用已有的排序公式求出其相应的排序向量。进而对决策方案进行排序和择优，最后进行了实例分析，数值结果表明：该方法可行且有效。     

基于GOWA算子的IITFN群决策方法

对区间直觉梯形模糊数(IITFN)决策方法进行了研究.通过定义区间直觉梯形模糊数的期望值和预期得分,进而给出区间直觉梯形模糊数的一种新的排序方法;同时,给出了广义有序加权平均算子及其性质.为了求广义有序加权平均(GOWA)算子的权重,提出了广义最小二乘法,进而建立了基于区间直觉梯形模糊数的属性权重完全未知的多属性群决策方法,并给出了相应的群决策方法.实例分析验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于信息挖掘的相对优势度的区间数排序

对已有的可能度及相对优势度进行了分析,指出了它们的不足.考虑到两数在不同的待排序数组中的大小比较程度是不同的,通过挖掘待排序区间数所蕴含的信息,给出了一种新的比较区间数大小的相对优势度的定义.分析表明,该公式具有传递性、互补性等诸多良好的性质.在此基础上对区间数进行排序,该排序方法适用于所有的待排序区间数组的排序.最后利用实例说明本文的排序方法.     

区间数线性不等式及拟不等式

区间数比较大小可以有很多方法.文中基于一种区间数比较大小的方法,提出了区间数线性不等式及拟不等式的概念,这种概念同样也适用于其他区间数排序.此外,根据区间数的运算法则分别给出了相应的解法,这种解不等式的方法同样也适用于其他一些区间数的排序.     

一种区间直觉模糊信息集成的新方法

研究了属性权值完全未知且属性值为区间直觉模糊数的多属性决策问题．首先提出了一种将区间直觉模糊数转化为区间数的公式;然后,基于可能度法给出了一种新的客观赋权方法。并给出一种基于可能度的方案的排序方法;最后。通过实例证明了该方法的有效性和实用性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-