高速钢表面PN＋PVD复合处理工艺和性能研究

采用多弧离子镀设备,在高速钢W18Cr4V上先进行等离子氮化,再沉积TiN薄膜,研究了不同渗氮温度和时间对PN+TiN薄膜组织和性能的影响.结果表明,温度为500℃左右和时间为2h以上条件下对W18Cr4V进行渗氮处理后再沉积TiN薄膜,可以得到最佳的薄膜表面显微硬度(1800～2000HV0.05)和膜/基结合力(50N),涂层耐磨性也得到明显提高.     

过渡族金属掺杂ZnO薄膜的晶体结构和磁性研究

采用电子束蒸发法制备了过渡族金属(Fe、Co、Cu)掺杂ZnO薄膜.通过对样品薄膜的结构分析,研究了衬底温度以及Cu掺杂含量对薄结晶状况的影响,获得沿c轴高度择优取向的高质量ZnO薄膜.采用X射线衍射谱(XRD)分析样品结构,并对薄膜的晶粒结构、晶粒尺寸和表面形态进行讨论,认为400℃的衬底温度对硅衬底薄膜是合适的.通过对薄膜磁性能的分析和研究,得出一些有意义的结果:适量过渡金属离子Fe、Co掺杂的ZnO薄膜,在室温下具有铁磁性,而在此基础上掺入少量的Cu离子能改善薄膜的磁性能.     

电弧离子镀(Ti,Cr)N硬质薄膜的成分、结构与硬度

用Bulat6型电弧离子镀设备在高速钢表面沉积合成(Ti,Cr)N硬质薄膜。通过改变分离靶弧电流的配置来调节薄膜成分，制取了x=0.62-0.83的（TixCr1-x)N薄膜；考察了薄膜的成分、结构与硬度间的相互关系，明确了Cr在TiN基薄膜中使硬度提高的合金强化作用；结合元素周期律中的基本性质和热力学特征，讨论了Ti,Cr两种元素在（Ti,Cr)N薄膜的相结构（fcc)形成与合金强化中的作用。     

Cr,Mo对Cu/Si(100)薄膜体系结构、电阻率及扩散性能的影响

利用简易合金靶材在Si(100)基底单靶磁控溅射制备Cu(Cr)、Gu(Mo)薄膜.研究薄膜在300~500℃退火前后的结构、电学及扩散性能的变化.结果表明,Cr、Mo的加入增强了Cu薄膜的(111)织构,且溅射态薄膜电阻率显著增加.真空退火后,Cu(200)和Cu(220)衍射峰增强,但薄膜保持较强的(111)织构.Cu(1.19%Cr)薄膜电阻率随温度升高先减小后增加,400℃退火后电阻率最小,为2.76μΩ.cm,接近纯Cu薄膜(2.55μΩ.cm);而Cu(1.28%Mo)薄膜的电阻率一直呈下降趋势.Cu(1.28%Mo)薄膜在400℃退火30 min后,薄膜与Si基底间的互扩散深度约60 nm,与纯Cu薄膜(约70 nm)相似.而Cu(1.19%Cr)薄膜的互扩散深度较小为30 nm.Cr显著减小了Cu、Si之间的互扩散.这与Cr在薄膜/基体界面处的偏聚有关.     

烘烤温度对LaNiO_3薄膜微结构与电学性能的影响

采用sol-gel技术在单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了LaNiO3导电薄膜.利用X射线粉末衍射、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和四探针电阻测量法研究了不同烘烤温度对LaNiO3薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和导电性能的影响.结果表明,LaNiO3薄膜均为赝立方钙钛矿结构,表面致密、均匀,衬底与薄膜间界面清晰.烘烤温度为210℃时,薄膜具有最好的<110>择优取向性.烘烤温度在210℃的薄膜具有最低的电阻率,达到10-4Ω.cm数量级,导电性能最好.     

多弧离子镀沉积TiN-Cu复合膜

利用多弧离子镀的方法,分别在不同弧电流和沉积时间下,在不锈钢基体上沉积TiN-Cu复合膜;对薄膜表面形貌、截面形貌、相组成和硬度进行表征.结果表明,复合膜中的Cu含量、沉积条件对薄膜微观结构和硬度有重要的影响.金属Cu的加入,阻止了TiN柱状晶的生长,改变了纯TiN薄膜的择优取向.当沉积时间为2h,脉冲负偏压为200V时,Cu含量为12.96at%,复合膜硬度达到最大值为2976HV.     

Cu2S阻性存储薄膜的制备及开关特性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）方法于室温下在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si（111）及高导电的Si（111）衬底上制备了Cu2S固体电解质薄膜,后经X-射线衍射、原子力显微技术对薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征.通过400℃退火的Cu2S薄膜在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si（111）衬底上取向生长,而在高导电性Si（111）衬底上则无取向生长.最好用聚焦离子束刻蚀技术及PLD方法制备了Cu/Cu2S/Pt及Cu/Cu2S/Si（111）记忆单元,这些记忆单元都显示了较好的电阻开关特性,但是在不同衬底上制备的记忆元的＂关态＂与＂开态＂的电阻比表现出较大的差异,这些差异被归结为非反应电极与Cu2S薄膜间的不同界面性质所致.     

衬底温度对Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜结构和透过率的影响

采用磁控溅射法在载玻片上制备了具有c轴高择优取向的Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和紫外-可见分光光度计（UV—Vis）研究了衬底温度对Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及光学透射特性的影响．结果表明,在衬底温度为400℃时制备的Zn0.98Cr0.02薄膜具有最好的结晶质量;衬底温度对薄膜的吸收边基本没有影响,但衬底温度为400℃时薄膜具有较高的透过率,其原因是在该奈件下薄膜具有较好的结晶质量．     

衬底温度对ZnO薄膜的结构和发光性能的影响

目的 研究衬底温度对znO薄膜结构和发光性能的影响及薄膜结构与发光性能两者之间的关系.方法 在玻璃衬底上采用射频磁控溅射法,固定其他工艺参数、改变衬底温度制备znO薄膜.对薄膜进行XRD谱和室温光致发光(PL)谱研究.结果 衬底温度在25℃到250℃之间,随着温度的升高,结晶质量变好,且紫外发光相对明显增强.在衬底温度为250℃时,结晶质量和发光性能均达到最优化.继续升高衬底温度,结晶质量和发光性能都下降.结论 衬底温度对ZnO薄膜的制备有着重要的影响;薄膜发光性能与结晶质量密切相关,结晶质量越好,紫外发先相对强度越大.     

40Cr表面TiAlN/TiN复合镀层的滑动摩擦试验分析

采用多弧离子镀工艺在40Cr表面制备了TiAlN/TiN复合镀膜,利用UMT-2摩擦磨损实验机考察了TiAlN/TiN膜层的承载能力和摩擦学性能,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了磨损试件的表面形貌,应用X射线能谱仪分析了磨痕中心区元素及其含量,通过40Cr基体和TiAlN/TiN膜在摩擦系数和磨损量方面的比较来评价TiAlN/TiN复合膜层的摩擦学性能。结果表明:TiAlN/TiN涂层与基体间的结合力是影响涂层承载能力的主要因素之一,TiAlN/TiN复合镀层的摩擦学性能优于40Cr基体,TiAlN/TiN复合镀层的减摩、耐磨性能优越,并能成功地抵抗磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the