CDKF方法在外辐射源单站无源目标跟踪中的应用

针对外辐射源单站无源目标跟踪精度问题,将一种基于Sterling内插公式的新的非线性滤波算法-中心差分卡尔曼滤波算法(central difference Kalman filter,CDKF)应用到系统中.仿真结果表明,与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(extended Kalman filter,EKF)相比,CDKF具有更高的定位精度,且不需要计算Jacobian矩阵,更易实现;而与无迹卡尔曼滤渡算法(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)相比,CDKF只有一个待优化的比例参数,参数的选择更加方便,且定位精度更高,所需运算时间更少.     

非线性滤波算法在水下导航定位技术中的应用分析

针对自主水下航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV)导航定位技术的发展需求,提出了水下目标的3种非线性滤波估计方法.首先,分别介绍了扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter, EKF)、无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter, UKF)和粒子滤波(particle filter, PF)的基本原理和实现步骤.其次,针对PF算法存在粒子退化现象,提出了重采样算法,并通过数值仿真验证该算法的有效性.然后,为了解决PF算法中粒子贫化现象,提出了一种基于萤火虫算法的粒子滤波算法(FA-PF).最后,在非线性环境下通过仿真实验对EKF、UKF、FA-PF算法的滤波性能进行对比分析,重点研究非线性强度及噪声特性对估计精度的影响.研究结果表明：重采样能够在一定程度上减轻粒子退化问题.在弱非线性高斯环境下,EKF、UKF、FA-PF算法的估计精度较为接近;在强非线性高斯环境下,UKF和FA-PF算法的跟踪性能明显优于EKF;在非线性非高斯环境下,FA-PF算法跟踪精度最高.     

CDKF方法在外辐射源单站无源目标跟踪中的应用

针对外辐射源单站无源目标跟踪精度问题,将一种基于Sterling内插公式的新的非线性滤波算法—中心差分卡尔曼滤波算法(central difference Kalman filter,CDKF)应用到系统中。仿真结果表明,与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(extended Kalman filter,EKF)相比,CDKF具有更高的定位精度,且不需要计算Jacobian矩阵,更易实现;而与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)相比,CDKF只有一个待优化的比例参数,参数的选择更加方便,且定位精度更高,所需运算时间更少。     

基于多特征融合的改进UPF目标跟踪算法

针对单特征目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性较差以及不能充分利用最新的量测信息等问题,提出了一种基于多特征融合的改进UPF(Unscented Particle Filter)跟踪算法.基于比例最小偏度单形采样策略的UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)算法和IKF(Iterated Kalman Filter)算法对粒子滤波算法进行改进,并在改进的算法框架下,采用不确定性度量方法融合目标的颜色和纹理特征,对目标进行跟踪.仿真实验表明,改进算法提高了跟踪精度,对复杂背景下的目标进行跟踪有较好的效果,并能有效跟踪被遮挡的目标.     

基于时空信息的无迹变换滤波算法

提出了一种利用UKF算法实现对机动目标进行无源定位与跟踪的滤波方法.仿真结果表明,与扩展卡尔曼滤波器相比,UKF算法的滤波精度和稳定性都有了明显提高.该算法能更好地解决测量模型非线性问题条件下的单站无源定位跟踪问题.     

汽车毫米波雷达目标跟踪的快速平方根CKF算法

平方根容积卡尔曼滤波器(Cubature Kalman filter,CKF)算法直接以协方差阵三角分解因子进行滤波过程的预测和更新,保证协方差矩阵非负性,避免了滤波器发散,但预测更新都基于采样点,仍然具有较高的计算负荷。该文提出了一种适用于汽车毫米波雷达目标跟踪的快速平方根CKF算法,在预测阶段,利用Kalman滤波器方程进行状态和协方差阵预测,在更新阶段,利用预测值构造Sigma点,并以平方根CKF滤波器方程更新目标的状态和协方差阵。仿真实验表明:该文算法运算效率和滤波精度比平方根CKF、平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman filter,UKF)等算法均有不同程度提高,适用于汽车毫米波雷达嵌入式目标跟踪软件。     

基于AUV的航迹追踪自适应UKF算法

无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF,unscented kalman filter)是一种常见的(AUV,autonomous underwater vehicle)加权统计线性回归航迹追踪算法,其算法冗余度低于(EKF,extended kalman filter)、(PF,particle filter)及(PSO,particle swarm optimization)等数值优化算法,且算法效率较高。然而,UKF控制算法中的系统采样时间间隔通常会被设置为常数,由此可能会产生预测值的误差累积,从而影响导航预测结果的精度。因此,笔者提出了基于AUV的航迹追踪自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(AUKF,adaptive unscented kalamn filter algorithm),以期降低预测算法的累积误差。该预测方法依据标准UKF算法的原理,通过构造相应的约束、判断与反馈机制,调整系统状态方程中每一步的采样间隔t,从而提升算法的航迹追踪精度并减少过程噪声及传感器噪声对预测过程的影响。最后,通过仿真实验与结果对比,近一步验证了之前所提出的设想。     

新型UKF在非线性系统执行器故障估计中的应用

针对扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)算法使用受限,粒子滤波算法动态跟踪能力差、易产生退化,单一无先导扩展卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)算法滤波精度低等缺陷,根据极大后验(maximum a posterior,MAP)估计原理,设计了一种带限定...     

基于自适应 UKF 微型航姿系统噪声在线估计

针对先验噪声与系统真实噪声不符引起标准无迹卡尔曼(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)性能退化的情况,提出一种应用于非线性时变状态和参数联合估计的自适应UKF(adaptive unscented Kalman filter,AUKF)算法.根据新的协方差矩阵与相应估计值之间存在的误差,构建成本函数.采用梯度下降法进行在线预估,对噪声的协方差进行在线更新并反馈给标准的UKF.实验和仿真分析表明,与标准UKF相比,自适应UKF算法在精度上有较大的提高.对于时变噪声协方差不确定时,自适应UKF噪声在线估计的鲁棒性得到明显改善,验证了自适应UKF噪声在线估计模型的准确性和可行性.     

天基无源方式空间目标定位跟踪算法的实现

针对空间目标定位跟踪会因受到天气、地域和时间等因素的影响而导致跟踪精度下降、滤波不稳定的问题,采用天基无源方式对空间目标进行观测、定位和跟踪;依靠光电传感器的被动测角和针对无线电信号的侦察截获;通过天基观测站获取角度量测信息,建立仅测角无源跟踪状态方程和量测方程,再分别通过EKF、UKF和SCKF三种卡尔曼滤波算法对角度量测信息进行滤波估计从而实现对空间目标的实时跟踪。仿真结果表明,天基无源方式空间目标定位跟踪算法具有精度高、滤波稳定的优点,EKF、UKF、SCKF三种滤波算法均能实现对空间目标的实时跟踪,其中以SCKF效果最佳,验证了天基无源方式空间目标定位跟踪算法的有效可行性,对军事应用具有极大意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.