采用聚氨酯模板法制备花形纳米氧化锌

以乙酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2)为锌源,尿素(CO(NH2)2)为碱源,非离子型聚氨酯(PU)为模板,采用水热法制备碱式碳酸锌(Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6)前驱体.在400 ℃进一步煅烧前驱体2 h,即获得氧化锌粉末.用粉末X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究产物的形貌和结构.结果表明:以PU为模板制备的氧化锌可以获得由纳米片状结构组成的花状形貌,PU的加入可以有效减小氧化锌的晶粒尺寸.进一步研究反应物的组成、反应温度及反应时间对产物结构的影响,发现当体系中碱源(OH-)和锌源(Zn2+)的摩尔比为4,水热反应时间为18 h,反应温度为150 ℃时,前驱体可以获得最完整的花状形貌,并且煅烧后氧化锌的花形形貌不变.     

纳米氧化锌的微乳液法制备及表征

纳米ZnO可用于毛织物的后整理，使织物具有抗菌除臭、消毒、抗紫外线的功能．采用TritonX-100／正庚醇／正辛烷／盐水微乳液体系，以一定盐浓度的硝酸锌（Zn（NO3）2）水溶液（A）与碳酸钠（Na2CO3）水溶液（B），通过两个乳液混合的方法，制备出氧化锌超细微粒．并用差热分析（DTA）、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪对其进行表征分析．实验表明，30℃时，以A型微乳液与B型微乳液通过乳液混合搅拌的反应方式制备出纳米ZnO微粒的前驱体，经80℃真空干、燥约5h后，在350℃下煅烧2h，得到了平均粒径约为10nm的超细ZnO粉末，且微粒粒径分布均匀、团聚少，多数为球状颗粒．     

低温固相反应合成NiFe2O4尖晶石纳米粉

以FeSO4.7H2O,NiSO4.6H2O和NaOH为原料,NaCl为分散剂,在室温下充分研磨反应制备前驱体,然后将前驱体进行煅烧得到NiFe2O4尖晶石纳米粉.重点研究了分散剂含量、煅烧温度和保温时间对粉体粒度和形貌的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得产物进行表征.结果表明:添加20%(质量分数)NaCl制得的前驱体在800℃下煅烧1.5h得到的纳米粉分布均匀,颗粒呈球形并且晶型完整单一,平均粒径约为75nm.     

纳米ZnO的制备与表征

以ZnAc2.2H2O、(NH4)2CO3为原料,采用沉淀法制备了纳米ZnO.以TG-DTA、IR、XRD、TEM和BET等测试方法研究了纳米ZnO粉体的结构和形貌特性.结果表明,前驱物[Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2]经300℃焙烧2 h,得到的纳米ZnO为六方晶系,粒子为球形,最小晶粒约为5 nm,最大约为28 nm,大部分集中在16~20 nm之间,平均晶粒为19.4 nm,90%的纳米晶粒≤24 nm,粒度分布均匀,分散性良好.探讨了反应物浓度、物料配比和焙烧温度等对样品的影响.     

纳米ZnFe2O4的柠檬酸盐前驱体法制备与表征

采用柠檬酸盐前驱体法制备纳米ZnFe2O4颗粒,并通过TG-DTA、XRD、TEM和磁性能测试对纳米ZnFe2O4颗粒进行表征.结果表明,柠檬酸盐前驱体在500℃×2h煅烧后可得到单一ZnFe2O4相.通过XRD分析,纳米ZnFe2O4晶粒粒径为21 nm,与TEM分析结果一致;在300 K下测得纳米ZnFe2O4饱和磁化强度为3.5 emu/g,剩磁为0.61 emu/g,矫顽力为17.508 kA/m.     

碱式碳酸钴热分解制备四氧化三钴及其表征

以乙酸钴为钴源,碳酸铵为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇(相对分子质量约为20 000)为表面活性剂,在水-正丁醇溶剂体系中,经水热处理制得片状碱式碳酸钴前驱体;采用不同的热分解方式对碱式碳酸钴前驱体进行处理制备四氧化三钴,并用热重、红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜对碱式碳酸钴前驱体和四氧化三钴产物的结构和形貌进行表征.研究结果表明对碱式碳酸钴前驱体采用不同的热分解方式得到的四氧化三钴形貌不同,将前驱体于450 ℃煅烧3 h得到直径约为40 nm,长约为100 nm的球链状四氧化三钴;而采用二段热处理方式即将前驱体于400 ℃煅烧1 h,再于800 ℃煅烧2 h时,得到类球状的四氧化三钴.     

沉淀法合成纳米CeO2及其性能

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源,(NH4)2CO3·H2O为沉淀剂,并加入少量PEG4000作为分散剂,采用液相沉淀法制备前驱体Ce2(CO3)3·H2O,前驱体经热处理合成了纳米CeO2.通过XRD,DTA/TG,TEM,BET及杂质含量分析,并根据XRD线宽法,按Scherrer公式计算平均晶粒尺寸,结合相对密度的测定研究了在不同热处理温度下纳米CeO2性能的变化.结果表明:前驱体经300℃焙烧1h已完全形成CeO2,属于立方晶系,空间群为Fm3m,原生晶粒粒径为5nm左右,颗粒粒径为20nm左右,比表面积达140.61m2/g,孔径分布为5～15nm,孔径峰值为9.3nm,纯度≥99.97%;随焙烧温度提高,将引起CeO2晶粒尺寸和相对密度显著增大,比表面积减少.     

沉淀法合成纳米CeO2及其性能

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源,(NH-4)2CO3·H2O为沉淀剂,并加入少量PEG4000作为分散剂,采用液相沉淀法制备前驱体Ce2(CO3)3·H2O,前驱体经热处理合成了纳米CeO2.通过XRD,DTA/TG,TEM,BET及杂质含量分析,并根据XRD线宽法,按Scherrer公式计算平均晶粒尺寸,结合相对密度的测定研究了在不同热处理温度下纳米CeO2性能的变化.结果表明前驱体经300℃焙烧1 h已完全形成CeO2,属于立方晶系,空间群为Fm3m,原生晶粒粒径为5 nm左右,颗粒粒径为20 nm左右,比表面积达140.61 m2/g,孔径分布为5～15 nm,孔径峰值为9.3 nm,纯度≥99.97%;随焙烧温度提高,将引起CeO2晶粒尺寸和相对密度显著增大,比表面积减少.     

不同前躯体对纳米Al2O3粉体性能的影响

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,NH4HCO3为沉淀剂,结合超声分散与微波干燥等方法,采用化学沉淀法制备了两种不同化学组成的前驱体.通过TEM、XRD、IR、DSC和TG的观察分析,研究了不同前驱体对Al2O3粉体粒度、团聚程度的影响.结果表明,NH4Al(OH)2CO3前驱体经1 100 ℃煅烧2 h得到的Al2O3粉体性能较好,平均粒径仅为20 nm,粒度均匀,基本没有硬团聚.     

聚氨酯模板法制备棒状纳米氧化锌

以乙酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2)和三乙胺TEA((CH3CH2)3N)为主要原料,通过在体系中加入一定浓度的水性聚氨脂(WPU)作为模板,采用水热沉淀法制备得到Zn(OH)2前躯体.然后将前驱体在400℃下煅烧2 h,获得纳米氧化锌(ZnO)粉末,采用XRD和扫描电镜(SEM)对氧化锌粉末的结构与形貌进行分析.研究结果表明,以聚氨酯为模板、在一定条件下可以制得棒状纳米ZnO粉末;水热反应温度在110～150℃范围内,氧化锌晶体棒子长度随温度升高而降低,反应时间为20 h.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-