电荷比特的超强藕合实现及量子态转移

基于超导量子电路中光与物质相互作用强度的可调性, 研究了库珀对盒子(Cooper-pair box, CPB)与LC谐振电路耦合的电路模型, 证明了可以通过减小CPB的约瑟夫森能量和增加LC谐振子阻抗, 实现光与物质的超强耦合(ultra-strong coupling, USC)和深度强耦合(deep-strong coupling, DSC)相互作用. 在此基础上, 进一步提出了具有一定抗噪性的 USC 双比特超导电路模型, 并以该模型作为非相干中介实现了两个Transmon系统间的量子态转移(quantum-state transfer, QST). 研究结果为在超导量子系统中实现USC相互作用提供了新的方案, 并有望进一步应用于量子调控、量子模拟和量子信息处理等领域.     

基于低Q腔的无集体弛豫量子信息处理

研究了原子囚禁于光学腔系统在低Q腔条件下的输入输出过程,将2个原子编码为在集体弛豫无消相干子空间(Collective-relaxation Decoherence-free Subspaces,CRDFS)内的逻辑量子比特,提出了2种构建光子和逻辑量子比特之间的杂化受控相位翻转门(Hybrid Controlled-phase-flip (CPF) Gate)的理论方案.基于此CPF门,说明可以实现在CRDFS内逻辑量子比特的纠缠态制备.该方案只需要低Q腔和中度耦合条件,这比之前的方案实验上更容易实现.     

利用耦合超导量子比特实现受控U门

运用两量子比特非局域操作的几何表示理论,提出了利用射频脉冲作用下的耦合超导量子比特构建受控逻辑门(受控U门)的一个理论方案,并进一步推导出在电容耦合和自感耦合系统中构建受控U门时,其哈密顿量中的拉比频率所需要满足的条件.最后通过两量子比特控制相位门的实现说明该方案的可行性.     

多个超导磁通量子比特的可控耦合

通过在两个或者三个超导磁通量子比特中插入一个耦合线圈，使得超导磁通量子比特与线圈有一个强的相互作用。耦合线圈的磁通直接影响两个超导磁通量子比特的耦合强度J，因此可以通过对线圈磁通的控制来调控超导磁通量子比特的耦合强度J。     

应用单模腔场中的超导量子干涉仪制备n比特W态的简单方案

提出了一个制备n比特W态的简单方案,利用一个单模腔场与放置在其中的n个超导量子干涉仪发生共振相互作用,且共振相互作用的耦合强度远大于其他作用的强度,此时,超导量子干涉仪其他能级与腔模间的相互作用可以忽略,这样,仅通过一步时间演化就可制得n比特W态.并且在衰减强度和耦合强度相接近时,仍然可以成功制备n比特W态.     

一种可用于超宽带通信的同步混沌脉冲位置调制方法

基于混沌脉冲位置调制(CPPM)提出了一种新型可用于超宽带冲击无线电(UWB-IR)的通信方案———同步混沌脉冲位置调制(SCPPM)。该方案克服了混沌脉冲位置调制方法存在的问题,具有保密性好、可靠性高等优点。文中在有噪声和滤波的情况下对新系统进行多次仿真,用比特误码率(BER)和比特信噪比(Eb/N0)的关系刻画了新方案的性能并与CPPM系统进行了比较。分析和仿真表明,在理想误码性能相同的前提下,提出的新系统在非理想定时条件下具有比CPPM系统更好的解码性能。     

用六量子比特团态实现两量子比特态秘密分享

本文提出了一个量子态分享方案用来分享两量子比特纯态。方案中,量子通道是六量子比特团态(cluster态)。通过两个贝尔态测量,发送者(Alice)可将任意两量子比特纯态平均地分配给两个远处的代理(Bob和Charlie),为了使Bob还原发送者的量子态,Charlie需执行两个单量子比特测量。在获知Alice和Charlie的测量结果后,Bob可以通过一个合适的两量子比特酉操作得到Alice所发送的两量子比特态。本文详细给出了对应于所有测量结果的Bob所需的操作。     

基于最大秩距离码的两种公钥密码系统

基于最大秩距离码,提出了两种新的McEliece公钥密码系统,明文x加密成xE+z,其中E=SGP,G为最大秩距离码C的生成矩阵,S为非奇异矩阵,在方案1中,P为置换矩阵,在方案2中,P为非奇异矩阵,z取自一给定的向量集合Z,公钥为Z和E.对方案1而言,解密过程约需O(k3)次运算,而需k×n×N·lnq/ln2比特存储空间;而对方案2而言,解密过程约需O(k3)+O(n3)次运算,需k×n×N·lnq/ln2比特存储空间.由于可取较小的k,n,所以这两个方案是可行的.攻击方案1和方案2的工作因子近似为k3·qt(k+n)-t2,n通过参数的选取,此数比攻击McEliece公钥密码系统的工作因子βk3k大得多.k/n-t所以这两个方案比基于纠错码构造的McEliece公钥密码系统更安全.     

基于Polar码改进的抗量子密码方案

为了促进抗量子密码方案的实用化,在Mostafa Esmaeili方案的基础上,利用Polar码的极化性质改进抗量子密码方案,把信息比特作为原方案中的明文,把冻结比特作为原方案中的随机比特串。改进后的方案没有改变原方案的结构,可以抵御目前已知的信息集译码攻击,达到了IND-CPA(indistinguishability chosen ciphertext attacks)安全。选择合理的参数,使得改进方案的整体密钥尺寸比McEliece的整体密钥尺寸减少了70%,提高了方案的实用性,为即将来临的5G时代提供了一种新型抗量子密码方案。     

含互感耦合的超导磁通量子比特消相干的研究

在Born—Markov近似下，根据Bloch—Redfield方程，给出了一种计算超导量子比特能量弛豫时T1与消相干时间T2的方法。在此基础上，研究了一个含互感耦合的超导磁通量子比特的消相干现象，并给出了该超导量子比特能量弛豫时间Ｔ1与消相干时间Ｔ2。结果表明：对于研究的磁通量子比特，在其他条件不变时且环境热库等效为一个纯电阻时，则去相位时间Tφ，由高能级｜j〉向低能级｜i〉的能量弛豫时间T1和量子系统的消相干时间疋都与耗散成正比。     

Implementation of a Toffoli gate with superconducting circuits

The Toffoli gate is a three-quantum-bit (three-qubit) operation that inverts the state of a target qubit conditioned on the state of two control qubits. It makes universal reversible classical computation possible and, together with a Hadamard gate, forms a universal set of gates in quantum computation. It is also a key element in quantum error correction schemes. The Toffoli gate has been implemented in nuclear magnetic resonance, linear optics and ion trap systems. Experiments with superconducting qubits have also shown significant progress recently: two-qubit algorithms and two-qubit process tomography have been implemented, three-qubit entangled states have been prepared, first steps towards quantum teleportation have been taken and work on quantum computing architectures has been done. Implementation of the Toffoli gate with only single- and two-qubit gates requires six controlled-NOT gates and ten single-qubit operations, and has not been realized in any system owing to current limits on coherence. Here we implement a Toffoli gate with three superconducting transmon qubits coupled to a microwave resonator. By exploiting the third energy level of the transmon qubits, we have significantly reduced the number of elementary gates needed for the implementation of the Toffoli gate, relative to that required in theoretical proposals using only two-level systems. Using full process tomography and Monte Carlo process certification, we completely characterize the Toffoli gate acting on three independent qubits, measuring a fidelity of 68.5?±?0.5 per cent. A similar approach to realizing characteristic features of a Toffoli-class gate has been demonstrated with two qubits and a resonator and achieved a limited characterization considering only the phase fidelity. Our results reinforce the potential of macroscopic superconducting qubits for the implementation of complex quantum operations with the possibility of quantum error correction.     

Efficient generation of NOON states on two microwave-photon resonators

We present an efficient scheme for the generation of NOON states of photons in circuit QED assisted by a superconducting charge qutrit. It is completed with two kinds of manipulations, that is, the resonant operation on the qutrit and the resonator, and the singlequbit operation on the qutrit, and they both are highfidelity operations. Compared with the one by a superconducting transmon qutrit proposed by Suet al. （Sci Rep 4：3898, 2014）, our scheme does not require to maintain the qutrit in the third excited state with a long time, which relaxes the difficulty of its implementation in experiment. Moreover, the level anharmonicity of a charge qutrit is larger and it is better for us to tune the different transitions of the charge qutrit resonant to the resonator, which makes our scheme faster than others.     

超导非绝热几何量子计算及其优化控制

为实现量子门的高保真度和强鲁棒性,提出基于超导量子电路体系的非绝热几何量子计算方案.仅通过对超导比特施加含时共振微波驱动的方式,可以在超导比特上实现任意的单比特几何量子门.同时,在2个电容耦合的超导比特体系中,非平庸的2比特几何量子门也可以类似地实现.结果表明:提出的非绝热几何量子计算方案不仅对几何量子操作具有较好的鲁棒性,还可以与优化控制技术兼容,进一步增强量子门的鲁棒性.该方案的提出使容错固态量子计算的研究与发展向前迈出了重要的一步.     

Coherent quantum state storage and transfer between two phase qubits via a resonant cavity

As with classical information processing, a quantum information processor requires bits (qubits) that can be independently addressed and read out, long-term memory elements to store arbitrary quantum states, and the ability to transfer quantum information through a coherent communication bus accessible to a large number of qubits. Superconducting qubits made with scalable microfabrication techniques are a promising candidate for the realization of a large-scale quantum information processor. Although these systems have successfully passed tests of coherent coupling for up to four qubits, communication of individual quantum states between superconducting qubits via a quantum bus has not yet been realized. Here, we perform an experiment demonstrating the ability to coherently transfer quantum states between two superconducting Josephson phase qubits through a quantum bus. This quantum bus is a resonant cavity formed by an open-ended superconducting transmission line of length 7 mm. After preparing an initial quantum state with the first qubit, this quantum information is transferred and stored as a nonclassical photon state of the resonant cavity, then retrieved later by the second qubit connected to the opposite end of the cavity. Beyond simple state transfer, these results suggest that a high-quality-factor superconducting cavity could also function as a useful short-term memory element. The basic architecture presented here can be expanded, offering the possibility for the coherent interaction of a large number of superconducting qubits.     

利用绝热方法制备类W纠缠态

提出一个利用绝热方法一步制备三比特类W纠缠态的简易方案。相比其他方案,该方案最突出优势在于没有应用任何带来相位影响的操作,这更利于实验的实现。在目前的实验技术条件下,该方案是可行的。     

Demonstration of conditional gate operation using superconducting charge qubits

Following the demonstration of coherent control of the quantum state of a superconducting charge qubit, a variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented. Although such solid-state devices are not currently as advanced as microscopic qubits based on nuclear magnetic resonance and ion trap technologies, the potential scalability of the former systems--together with progress in their coherence times and read-out schemes--makes them strong candidates for the building block of a quantum computer. Recently, coherent oscillations and microwave spectroscopy of capacitively coupled superconducting qubits have been reported; the next challenging step towards quantum computation is the realization of logic gates. Here we demonstrate conditional gate operation using a pair of coupled superconducting charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we prepare different input states and show that their amplitude can be transformed by controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gate operation, although the phase evolution during the gate operation remains to be clarified.     

利用部分纠缠的量子信道确定性地实现N→1和1→N的受控量子远程旋转

提出利用部分纠缠的量子信道确定性地实现多个发送者1个接受者和1个发送者多个接受者的受控量子远程旋转方案.首先考虑利用两个(N?M?1)粒子部分纠缠的Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)态确定性地实现N个发送者在M个监控者的控制下确定性地将她们的旋转分别传给远处接受者的操作(N→1).然后考虑在一个(2K?M?1)粒子部分纠缠的Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)-GHZ态或K个(M+2)粒子部分纠缠的GHZ态辅助下,发送者随意地将她的旋转分为N份(NK)并在M个监控者的控制下确定性地将它们分别传给远处N个接受者的操作(1→N).方案中,量子旋转的发送者或接受者或监控者的正定算符值测量(POVM)起着关键作用,我们给出了它们的数学表式.值得注意的是,用非理想的量子信道可确定性地实现N→1或1→N的量子远程旋转.这些方案可用于量子秘密共享,量子选举等,它们具极强的保密性.     

基于腔场耦合的超导比特的量子计算(英文)

利用超导量子比特实现量子计算在世界范围内备受理论界和实验界的关注.在这一体系中实现量子计算的明显好处是具有非常好的操控技术及容易集成化.过去10年实验的快速突破验证了体系的这些优势.在调节不同比特耦合方面,利用微波腔场耦合比特的平台已经建立起来.该综述将重点介绍如何形成等效的超导电荷比特、它和腔场的耦合,以及利用腔场耦合多个比特等内容.     

基于七粒子最大纠缠态的未知三粒子的两种隐形传态方案

本文利用七粒子最大纠缠态实现了任意三粒子态的一般隐形传态和控制隐形传态.在一般隐形传态过程中,发送者对自己所拥有的粒子执行正交完备基测量,然后将测量结果告诉接收者,接收者对他的粒子执行相应的幺正变换就可以恢复出初始态.在控制隐形传态过程中,发送者对需传送的三粒子与自己手中的粒子分别进行适当的Bell基测量,控制方对手中的粒子进行单比特测量,然后他们将测量结果告诉接收者,接收者对自己拥有的三粒子进行相应的幺正操作就可以恢复出初始态.