利用四能级超导量子干涉仪实现Deutsch算法

利用四能级超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)实现量子计算机的Deutsch算法,其中四能级中的两个最低能态作为逻辑态,两个中间能态在操作过程中起辅助作用.通过两个SQUID与单模腔场的共振相互作用和大失谐相互作用,实现Deutsch算法.     

利用超导量子干涉仪制备N比特团簇态（英文）

利用两个超导量子干涉仪与腔场的相互作用,提出一种实现标准两比特量子相位门的方案。利用构造的两比特相位门,还提出了一种制备N比特团簇态的方案。在此方案中,量子信息被编码在两个超导量子干涉仪的相对稳定的基态上。在两个超导量子干涉仪与单模腔场的相互作用过程中,由于超导量子干涉比特的激发态被绝热地消去,激发态所引起的消相干得到了有效的抑制。此外,还讨论方案的实验可行性。     

利用四能级超导量子干涉仪实现N比特受控U门

提出了利用四能级超导量子干涉仪器实现N比特的受控U门的方案,其中四能级中的2个最低能态作为逻辑态,2个中间能态在门操作过程中起辅助作用.通过N个SQUID与腔场的共振相互作用和大失谐相互作用,实现高速的N比特受控U门.     

在微腔中利用超导量子干涉仪实现GHZ纠缠态

在这里,我们提出一种实现多粒子的Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)纠缠态方案.是将超导量子干涉仪植入单模微腔中,在大失谐的情况下完成纠缠态的制备.在这种方法中,GHZ能被制备而不需要任何测量.在整个制备过程中微腔和超导量子干涉仪是没有信息交换的,因为腔一直处于真空态,没有任何光子,这样对腔的品质因数要求就比较低.     

基于原子与腔场双光子相互作用制备原子W态

提出一种利用原子与腔场双光子相互作用制备原子W态的方案。在此方案中,初始时将一个制备在高能级的两能级原子注入处于真空态的腔场中,其余的两能级原子制备在低能级依次注入腔场中发生双光子相互作用。由于原子与腔场之间相互作用是共振的,因此耦合强度相对较大,这将缩短所需的相互作用时间,从而降低实验中退相干的影响。     

基于光纤连接三个光腔制备三原子W态

提出一种基于两光纤连接三个光腔制备三原子W态的方案。在此方案中,腔场的信息可以通过光纤进行传送,利用集成在光纤上的两个法拉第回转器阻止来自第二个和第三个腔场的反射。制备得到三原子W态时腔场处于初始时的真空态。由于原子与腔场之间是共振作用,耦合强度相对较大,能缩短所需的相互作用时间。     

在微腔中利用超导量子干涉仪实现GHZ纠缠态

在这里，我们提出一种实现多粒子的Greenberg Horne-Zeilinger（GHZ）纠缠态方案。是将超导量子干涉仪植入单模微腔中，在大失谐的情况下完成纠缠态的制备。在这种方法中，GHZ能被制备而不需要任何测量。在整个制备过程中微腔和超导量子干涉仪是没有信息交换的，因为腔一直处于真空态，没有任何光予，这样对腔的品质因数要求就比较低。     

通过原子与腔场的非共振相互作用转移原子纠缠态

提出一个方案用于转移双原子纠缠态和W态.方案基于2个原子同时与一个单模腔场非共振相互作用的模型.转移过程中,原子与腔场之间不交换量子信息.腔场仅仅是被虚激发,所以方案对腔的品质因子的要求大大降低.不需要做任何测量,原子纠缠态可以直接转移给接收方的原子,成功几率为100%.     

双模交叉克尔型耦合系统中宏观量子叠加态的制备

利用双模交叉克尔型耦合光力系统中的光机耦合来制备宏观量子叠加态.考虑二能级原子与单模光腔的强耦合相互作用，并引入单模光腔与单模机械振子间双模交叉克尔型耦合.通过分析发现交叉克尔效应可以放大机械振子的位移，并且当耦合系数趋近于机械振子的振动频率时，可以制备出机械振子的可区分宏观量子叠加态.     

基于腔QED实现确定的多方受控的隐形传送任意两原子态方案

基于腔QED系统提出一种实现确定的多方受控的隐形传送未知的任意两原子态的简单方案.该方案利用多原子与腔的共振相互作用分别一步实现作为量子信道的特殊纠缠W态的制备和所需的幺正变换,而且完成隐形传态所需时间不随接收方的增多而增长.     

Coherent dynamics of a flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator

In the emerging field of quantum computation and quantum information, superconducting devices are promising candidates for the implementation of solid-state quantum bits (qubits). Single-qubit operations, direct coupling between two qubits and the realization of a quantum gate have been reported. However, complex manipulation of entangled states-such as the coupling of a two-level system to a quantum harmonic oscillator, as demonstrated in ion/atom-trap experiments and cavity quantum electrodynamics-has yet to be achieved for superconducting devices. Here we demonstrate entanglement between a superconducting flux qubit (a two-level system) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The latter provides the measurement system for detecting the quantum states; it is also an effective inductance that, in parallel with an external shunt capacitance, acts as a harmonic oscillator. We achieve generation and control of the entangled state by performing microwave spectroscopy and detecting the resultant Rabi oscillations of the coupled system.     

Controlling cavity reflectivity with a single quantum dot

Solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems offer a robust and scalable platform for quantum optics experiments and the development of quantum information processing devices. In particular, systems based on photonic crystal nanocavities and semiconductor quantum dots have seen rapid progress. Recent experiments have allowed the observation of weak and strong coupling regimes of interaction between the photonic crystal cavity and a single quantum dot in photoluminescence. In the weak coupling regime, the quantum dot radiative lifetime is modified; in the strong coupling regime, the coupled quantum dot also modifies the cavity spectrum. Several proposals for scalable quantum information networks and quantum computation rely on direct probing of the cavity-quantum dot coupling, by means of resonant light scattering from strongly or weakly coupled quantum dots. Such experiments have recently been performed in atomic systems and superconducting circuit QED systems, but not in solid-state quantum dot-cavity QED systems. Here we present experimental evidence that this interaction can be probed in solid-state systems, and show that, as expected from theory, the quantum dot strongly modifies the cavity transmission and reflection spectra. We show that when the quantum dot is coupled to the cavity, photons that are resonant with its transition are prohibited from entering the cavity. We observe this effect as the quantum dot is tuned through the cavity and the coupling strength between them changes. At high intensity of the probe beam, we observe rapid saturation of the transmission dip. These measurements provide both a method for probing the cavity-quantum dot system and a step towards the realization of quantum devices based on coherent light scattering and large optical nonlinearities from quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities.     

利用绝热方法制备类W纠缠态

提出一个利用绝热方法一步制备三比特类W纠缠态的简易方案。相比其他方案,该方案最突出优势在于没有应用任何带来相位影响的操作,这更利于实验的实现。在目前的实验技术条件下,该方案是可行的。     

Climbing the Jaynes-Cummings ladder and observing its nonlinearity in a cavity QED system

The field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), traditionally studied in atomic systems, has gained new momentum by recent reports of quantum optical experiments with solid-state semiconducting and superconducting systems. In cavity QED, the observation of the vacuum Rabi mode splitting is used to investigate the nature of matter-light interaction at a quantum-mechanical level. However, this effect can, at least in principle, be explained classically as the normal mode splitting of two coupled linear oscillators. It has been suggested that an observation of the scaling of the resonant atom-photon coupling strength in the Jaynes-Cummings energy ladder with the square root of photon number n is sufficient to prove that the system is quantum mechanical in nature. Here we report a direct spectroscopic observation of this characteristic quantum nonlinearity. Measuring the photonic degree of freedom of the coupled system, our measurements provide unambiguous spectroscopic evidence for the quantum nature of the resonant atom-field interaction in cavity QED. We explore atom-photon superposition states involving up to two photons, using a spectroscopic pump and probe technique. The experiments have been performed in a circuit QED set-up, in which very strong coupling is realized by the large dipole coupling strength and the long coherence time of a superconducting qubit embedded in a high-quality on-chip microwave cavity. Circuit QED systems also provide a natural quantum interface between flying qubits (photons) and stationary qubits for applications in quantum information processing and communication.     

Coherent quantum state storage and transfer between two phase qubits via a resonant cavity

As with classical information processing, a quantum information processor requires bits (qubits) that can be independently addressed and read out, long-term memory elements to store arbitrary quantum states, and the ability to transfer quantum information through a coherent communication bus accessible to a large number of qubits. Superconducting qubits made with scalable microfabrication techniques are a promising candidate for the realization of a large-scale quantum information processor. Although these systems have successfully passed tests of coherent coupling for up to four qubits, communication of individual quantum states between superconducting qubits via a quantum bus has not yet been realized. Here, we perform an experiment demonstrating the ability to coherently transfer quantum states between two superconducting Josephson phase qubits through a quantum bus. This quantum bus is a resonant cavity formed by an open-ended superconducting transmission line of length 7 mm. After preparing an initial quantum state with the first qubit, this quantum information is transferred and stored as a nonclassical photon state of the resonant cavity, then retrieved later by the second qubit connected to the opposite end of the cavity. Beyond simple state transfer, these results suggest that a high-quality-factor superconducting cavity could also function as a useful short-term memory element. The basic architecture presented here can be expanded, offering the possibility for the coherent interaction of a large number of superconducting qubits.     

Circuit cavity electromechanics in the strong-coupling regime

Demonstrating and exploiting the quantum nature of macroscopic mechanical objects would help us to investigate directly the limitations of quantum-based measurements and quantum information protocols, as well as to test long-standing questions about macroscopic quantum coherence. Central to this effort is the necessity of long-lived mechanical states. Previous efforts have witnessed quantum behaviour, but for a low-quality-factor mechanical system. The field of cavity optomechanics and electromechanics, in which a high-quality-factor mechanical oscillator is parametrically coupled to an electromagnetic cavity resonance, provides a practical architecture for cooling, manipulation and detection of motion at the quantum level. One requirement is strong coupling, in which the interaction between the two systems is faster than the dissipation of energy from either system. Here, by incorporating a free-standing, flexible aluminium membrane into a lumped-element superconducting resonant cavity, we have increased the single-photon coupling strength between these two systems by more than two orders of magnitude, compared to previously obtained coupling strengths. A parametric drive tone at the difference frequency between the mechanical oscillator and the cavity resonance dramatically increases the overall coupling strength, allowing us to completely enter the quantum-enabled, strong-coupling regime. This is evidenced by a maximum normal-mode splitting of nearly six bare cavity linewidths. Spectroscopic measurements of these 'dressed states' are in excellent quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The basic circuit architecture presented here provides a feasible path to ground-state cooling and subsequent coherent control and measurement of long-lived quantum states of mechanical motion.     

Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics

The interaction of matter and light is one of the fundamental processes occurring in nature, and its most elementary form is realized when a single atom interacts with a single photon. Reaching this regime has been a major focus of research in atomic physics and quantum optics for several decades and has generated the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Here we perform an experiment in which a superconducting two-level system, playing the role of an artificial atom, is coupled to an on-chip cavity consisting of a superconducting transmission line resonator. We show that the strong coupling regime can be attained in a solid-state system, and we experimentally observe the coherent interaction of a superconducting two-level system with a single microwave photon. The concept of circuit quantum electrodynamics opens many new possibilities for studying the strong interaction of light and matter. This system can also be exploited for quantum information processing and quantum communication and may lead to new approaches for single photon generation and detection.