TiB2含量对原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用混合盐高温反应法制备了原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料铸锭. 通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线等显微组织表征方法以及弹性模量、室温拉伸和室温摆锤冲击实验等测试手段,研究了TiB2含量对原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料组织和性能的影响. 研究表明,当TiB2质量分数由0提高到5%时,TiB2颗粒尺寸和TiB2/2219铝基复合材料铸锭的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,固溶时效态的TiB2/2219铝基复合材料板材的弹性模量和强度显著上升,但延伸率和冲击韧性下降. 当质量分数为5%时,TiB2/2219铝基复合材料板材的弹性模量、抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到88.7 GPa、（474.2±2） MPa、（400.6±1） MPa和（4.7±0.1）%.     

自生TiC_P/LD_7复合材料的阻尼性能

研究了自生TiCP/LD7复合材料和基体铝合金的阻尼性能 ,发现随着温度升高和TiC颗粒体积分数增加 ,自生TiCP/LD7复合材料的阻尼性能提高 ,并且明显优于基体合金 .同时发现阻尼性能对频率和温度敏感 .研究认为 :位错阻尼和界面阻尼是提高自生TiCP/LD7复合材料阻尼性能的原因 ,当温度低于 2 0 0℃时 ,是位错阻尼起主要作用 ;当温度高于 2 0 0℃时 ,晶界阻尼和界面阻尼起主要作用 .     

原位混杂增强钛基复合材料的制备与组织分析

理论上分析了由Ti-B4C-C系原位自生制备TiB晶须(TiBw)和TiC颗粒(TiCp)混杂增强钛基复合材料的可行性. 运用热分析方法(DSC)研究了一定量的钛粉、碳化硼粉与碳粉的混合粉末在加热过程中的反应情况. 结果显示复合材料原始粉末加热过程中在940～1 150 ℃这一温度范围内发生剧烈的放热现象,有可能生成了新相. XRD检测分析结果显示在烧结态材料中形成了TiB与TiC,而且TiC的含量随所添加的C含量增加而增加. OM与SEM分析表明复合材料中存在棒状TiB晶须和近似等轴状TiC颗粒两种不同形态的增强体,并且两种增强种体均匀的分布在基体中. 实验结果表明,可以采用反应热压法由Ti-B4C-C系制备原位自生TiB晶须和TiC颗粒混杂增强的钛基复合材料.     

(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)增强铝基复合材料的组织分析与硬度测试

将TiO2和B2O3原料混合后加入ZL102铝熔体,采用原位反应的方法,使其与铝液发生反应,制备出(TiB2+Al2O3)双相增强铝基复合材料.用EPMA及SEM分析反应合成的增强颗粒在基体上的分布状态以及TiB2和Al2O3颗粒的微观组织,用显微硬度仪测定复合材料组成相的显微硬度.结果表明,利用Al-TiO2-B2O3体系可以原位制备颗粒增强的铝基复合材料,合成的复合材料硬度比ZL102提高37.3%.     

常温常压铝水反应制备氢能源新材料的研究

为降低碱性水溶液体系下铝水反应的制氢成本,减少设备腐蚀及解决氢气的贮存和运输等问题,利用原位自生技术成功制备出纳米陶瓷颗粒为第二相的铝复合材料粉末,研究其与水在常温常压下的反应制氢过程.显微组织结果表明,复合材料粉末中纳米陶瓷颗粒的直径约为10~50nm,且在铝基体上呈均匀分布.物相分析结果显示,铝水反应产物由Al(OH)3、TiB2和Al2O3组成,表明该复合材料粉末可与水持续、充分地发生反应,反应产率可达100%.分析认为,氢气的产生原因在于陶瓷颗粒与铝电极电位的较大差异,使陶瓷颗粒作为电化学腐蚀的阴极,从而产生了大量析氢反应所致.     

原位合成TiB_2颗粒增韧SiC的显微组织与断裂韧性

在前期对原位生成TiB2增韧SiC制备工艺研究的基础上,研究了TiB2/SiC复合陶瓷的显微组织与力学性能.研究发现:在φ(TiB2)介于5%~20%时,原位生成的TiB2相在SiC基体中的分布都比较均匀;当φ(TiB2)为5%和20%时,TiB2颗粒等面积圆直径平均值分别为2.6和3.9μm;另外,TiB2颗粒能起到明显细化SiC晶粒的作用.随着φ(TiB2)的增加,TiB2/SiC复合材料的相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性均增大.当φ(TiB2)为20%时,复合材料相对密度、维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别为94.8%,29.1 GPa和5.9 MPa.m1/2.经优化工艺制备的TiB2/SiC复合陶瓷...     

原位合成TiC-TiB_2复合涂层的组织结构及耐磨性

以Ti粉、B4C粉和Fe粉为原料,利用氩弧熔敷技术在Q235钢基体表面制备出以TiC和TiB2颗粒为增强相的原位自生金属基复合涂层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性进行了研究.实验结果表明:涂层与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;氩弧熔敷层组织是由弥散分布的TiC、TiB2颗粒和α-Fe基体组成,TiC呈八面体或花瓣枝晶状,TiB2呈六边形或棒状.涂层中随着B4c质量分数的增加,TiB2由短棒状或六边形变为棒状,TiC的质量分数也随之增加.具有较多棒状TiB2的涂层,其硬度最高、摩擦系数最小,耐磨损性能最好.     

原位合成TiB/Ti复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

利用钛与硼之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了TiB增强的钛基复合材料.通过XRD、SEM、TEM和HREM等分析方法测试了合成材料的物相及微观结构.结果表明原位合成的增强体为TiB,合金化元素铝的加入并不导致新相形成,增强体均匀地分布在基体合金上.由于TiB的B27结构导致TiB易于沿[010]方向生长而长成短纤维状.增强体与基体合金界面非常洁净,没有任何界面反应.由于原位合成增强体的加入,复合材料的力学性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高.     

自生颗粒增强铝基复合材料的组织与性能

本文采用原位反应工艺,通过在Al熔体中加入TiO2,在一定温度下产生化学反应生成Al3Ti颗粒,用铸造法制备Al/Al3Ti复合材料.自生的Al3Ti颗粒尺寸细小,分布均匀.当TiO2/Al质量比为20%～30%、反应温度为920℃时,所制备的复合材料的抗拉强度比纯Al基体提高77.5%,硬度提高132%,而延伸率较纯铝略有下降.     

放电等离子烧结合成TiC/TiB_2颗粒增强的超细晶钛基复合材料

采用放电等离子烧结技术结合非晶晶化法制备了不同体积分数的TiC/TiB2颗粒增强的超细晶钛基复合材料.运用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和万能材料试验机等实验手段,对合成的超细晶钛基复合材料进行测试分析.结果表明：随着外加TiC/TiB2颗粒的增加,钛基复合材料试样的致密度逐渐降低.TiC颗粒与基体不发生反应,而TiB2颗粒的加入改变了TiB2颗粒与基体界面的组织形貌,但对远离界面处的基体组织形貌没有影响,其组织均由-Ti（Nb）相和（Cu,Ni）-Ti2相组成,且-Ti（Nb）相连续分布.同时,TiC颗粒的增强效果优于TiB2颗粒,35vol.%（体积分数）TiC颗粒增强的复合材料试样的断裂强度最高,达2209MPa.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-