基于二维灰度直方图的最小模糊熵分割方法

本文在一维最大模糊熵分割方法的基础上，根据图像目标和背景内部像素灰度值的一致性和集中性，提出了一种新的图像分割隶属度函数，从而得到最小模糊熵分割方法．本文还针对传统的基于一维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割方法不能反应图像的空间信息，抗噪声能力差的缺点，提出了基于二维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割算法．本实验结果证明，最小模糊熵分割方法对于某些图像的分割效果要好于最大模糊熵分割效果，而二维分割方法对于绝大多数图像，都具有很强的鲁棒性和抗噪能力，分割效果明显优于一维的方法，而且方便地推广到其他的一维熵分割方法中。     

基于gλ模糊测度的加权模糊聚类方法及其应用

文章从传统的目标函数聚类方法的思想出发,在基于gλ模糊测度的聚类方法基础上,提出基于gλ模糊测度的加权模糊聚类方法,并给出基于统计特性的权值计算方法;分别利用图像的一维灰度特征与一维灰度直方图加权和二维灰度特征与二维灰度直方图加权,将2种加权的模糊聚类方法应用于图像分割;分别给出带有强高斯白噪声灰度图像和强黑白像素点噪声灰度图像的加权前后分割结果比较。     

二维最大类间交叉熵阈值分割法

目的 研究了基于类间交叉熵的二维阈值分割算法及其抗噪性能.方法 通过采用交叉熵方法 来描述二维直方图中的目标区域和背景区域之间像素信息的差异程度,构造了一种基于最大类间分离性程度的图像分割新方法 .结果 结果 仿真证明该分割方法 的有效性和抑制噪声的能力.结论 在有噪声的图像中,新分割方法 相比传统一维最小交叉熵具有更强的抗噪性能,并且在分割性能和时间花费上都优于二雏最小类内交叉熵分割法.     

基于改进遗传算法的二维模糊熵图像分割算法

 图像分割是图像分析的基础。实际应用中,待分割图像的可变性较大,且时常混杂噪声,因此在很多情况下,基于一维直方图的经典图像分割算法常束手无策。近年来,基于二维直方图的二维图像分割算法已逐渐成为图像分割的热点。本文针对基本遗传算法在优化二维模糊熵图像分割算法中存在的易于早熟的不足,提出了一种改进的遗传算法。提出的改进遗传算法通过定义适应度极值距离,实现了进化过程中“代内”和“代间”的模糊评价。较之基本遗传算法,改进算法对个体的评价更加合理、客观和科学,而且算法整体收敛性能和全局搜索能力显著提升。实验结果表明,将其应用于二维模糊熵图像分割算法的优化,可显著提高算法的执行速度。由于引入模糊评价,本文提出的算法虽然较之基于基本遗传算法的二维模糊熵图像分割算法在时间开销方面虽略有增加,但获得的分割效果更佳。     

基于极坐标系下二维直方图的图像分割算法

基于二维直方图的图像分割算法存在明显误分,且利用二维Renyi熵求解最佳阈值计算量过大.为解决这些问题,提出基于极坐标系下二维直方图的图像分割算法.首先,将图像各像素点表示在极坐标系中,根据各点的极角区分噪声点和非噪声点;然后对噪声点进行平滑处理,处理之后图像各像素点都集中在极坐标系中极角为45°的极径附近.由于滤噪后各像素点的极角差别很小,所以仅利用各点的极径信息即可进行分割阈值的选取,由此将二维问题转化为一维问题,以减少计算量.实验结果表明,该算法分割效果良好,尤其适用于受噪声污染较严重的图片,而且与传统二维算法及其改进算法相比,运行速度有很大提高.     

基于二维Arimoto灰度熵的图像阈值分割快速迭代算法

现有的Arimoto熵阈值法仅依赖于灰度直方图分布,且计算最佳阈值时需搜索整个解空间,效率不高.为此,文中提出了一种二维Arimoto灰度熵阈值分割的快速迭代算法.首先,提出了一维Arimoto灰度熵阈值选取的快速迭代算法;然后,考虑图像目标和背景的类内灰度均匀性,导出了基于灰度-平均灰度级直方图的Arimoto灰度熵阈值法,并给出了中间变量的快速递推公式;最后,提出了二维Arimoto灰度熵阈值选取的快速迭代算法,推导了相应的公式,大大减少了运算量.实验结果表明,文中所提算法运行速度快,分割性能优于现有的5种同类阈值分割算法,分割后图像中的目标完整,边缘纹理清晰,细节更为丰富.     

基于二维灰度熵及混沌粒子群的图像阈值选取

为了同时考虑直方图的概率信息和类内灰度级的均匀性,提出了基于灰度级-梯度二维直方图的Shannon灰度熵及Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取方法.给出了Shannon灰度熵和Tsallis灰度熵的定义及其一维阈值选取方法,导出了二维Shannon灰度熵及Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取公式及其快速递推算法,并利用混沌粒子群算法寻求两种阈值选取方法的最佳阈值.实验结果表明,与基于改进的二维最大熵及粒子群递推的阈值选取方法相比,所提出方法的分割图像能更准确地反映原始图像的边缘、纹理及细节信息.     

灰度图象的二维最大熵阀值分割研究

讨论了灰度图象的二维最大熵阀值分割算法．根据图象象素的灰度、均值二维直方图分布的特点，给出了一个新的分割阀值判决函数．理论分析和实验结果表明：该阀值判决函数比仅使用一个二维矢量阀值具有更强的抗噪声能力，分割性能更好．     

基于二维直方图的改进的PCM聚类分割方法

相对于模糊C均值算法,可能性C均值(PCM)聚类方法具有更好的抗干扰能力.提出一种基于二维直方图的改进的PCM聚类图像分割方法,该方法除了考虑图像的点灰度信息外,还考虑像素点的邻域相关信息,利用改进的PCM聚类算法得到各象素点的隶属度对图像进行分割.实验表明,该方法能够对噪声图像有效地进行分割,具有较高的鲁棒性.     

基于灰度最优阈值的图像分割方法及应用

讨论了在对图像进行分割时的一维、二维灰度直方图分割方法，对最优阈值灰度分割方法原理进行了描述，得出了最优阈值灰度分割算法。实验结果表明：利用此算法对图像进行分割能够得到较好的分割效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to